See for example Physics World, June 2000, Special Issue ‘Carbon nanotubes roll on’ and references therein
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J. Kong, E. Yenilmez, T.W. Tombler, W. Kim, H. Dai, R. Laughlin, L. Liu, C.S. Jayanthi, S.Y. Wu: Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 10680 (2001)
J. Kong, H. Dai: to be published
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One obvious limitation of the effective-medium model is that scattering effects induced in the material due to the filler particles (CNTs) are not accounted for. For example, in a Cu–Ag alloy with 1% Ag the resistivity is increased by ∼20% due to the Ag impurities in the Cu matrix. The average distance between the Ag atoms in such an alloy is ∼1 nm. In a SWNT–metal composite with 10–50% filling of parallel SWNTs the average distance between the tubes (in a plane perpendicular to the tube directions) is 0.5–3 nm (i.e. the same order of distance as for the Cu–Ag(1%) alloy case). However, the lengths between the scattering centres in the direction parallel to the tubes (i.e. the conducting direction) are in the range of several μm. From these geometrical considerations we argue that the scattering effect in a CNT–metal composite should be much smaller compared to the scattering effects in the Cu–Ag(1%) alloy
H. Dai: Physics World, p. 43, June 2000
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J. Kong, H.T. Soh, A.M. Cassell, C.F. Quate, H. Dai: Nature 395, 878 (1998)