Can water systems foster commoning practices? Analysing leverages for self-organization in urban water commons as social–ecological systems
Tóm tắt
Research into urban commons has gained momentum in recent years. This article concentrates on the concept and analysis of urban water commons as social–ecological systems, which receive a less prominent focus in the literature than other commoning practices. In the light of the distinctive social and ecological values of water for both ecosystem health and human wellbeing and sociability, we argue that the presence of water systems can foster stakeholder engagement and leverage self-organization in urban commons. We test our hypothesis in a dynamically evolving urban water common: the recently restored Geoffrey Jellicoe’s Water Gardens in Hemel Hempstead, England. We apply Ostrom’s multilevel diagnostic tool, the “Social–Ecological System framework”, to analyse the characteristics of the Gardens water system and their impact on the self-organizing process undertaken by the local community. Our application is supported by collection of primary and secondary data, including Jellicoe’s design archived evidence, field observation data, in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, as well as data mining from social media (topic modelling of Facebook posts, review of Facebook user profiles, and Twitter mention-network analysis). Through our results, we identify a broad spectrum of characteristics of the Gardens urban water common that can catalyse the local self-organization dynamics. These include the leadership position of a specific non-governmental stakeholder group with knowledge and expertise on water ecosystems; active engagement of the local population across age groups in recreational activities on the water; community-building through expertise and knowledge-sharing on the peculiar natural and infrastructural components of the Gardens water systems; and, finally, continued online networking and social-media communication among different stakeholder groups on water-related activities.
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