Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Canxi, phun thuốc nấm và mật độ tán ảnh hưởng đến tình trạng thối sau thu hoạch của quả bơ
Tóm tắt
Một nghiên cứu đã được thực hiện tại tám vườn bơ vào các năm 1999, 2000 và 2001 để kiểm tra ảnh hưởng của các yếu tố trước thu hoạch đến tình trạng thối sau thu hoạch của quả bơ ‘Hass’ tại New Zealand. Thêm 14 vườn bơ đã được lấy mẫu vào năm 1999, trong đó 13 vườn được lấy mẫu vào năm 2000, tùy thuộc vào sự sẵn có của trái. Các vườn bơ được lựa chọn sau khi tham khảo ý kiến với các chuyên gia trong ngành nhằm thu thập mẫu đại diện cho chất lượng trái cây tại New Zealand. Trái bơ được thu hoạch vào đầu tháng Giêng với hàm lượng chất khô khoảng 33%, sau đó được bảo quản và chín ở nhiệt độ 20°C. Trái bơ được đánh giá về tình trạng thối đầu cuống và thối thân khi chín, và nấm từ các vết thối được phân lập và xác định. Dữ liệu thu thập từ 3 năm tại cùng tám vườn bơ cho thấy tỷ lệ thối đầu cuống có liên hệ tuyến tính với số lần phun thuốc nấm, chủ yếu là đồng và một vài lần benomyl. Trong các năm 1999 và 2000, một chỉ số mô tả mật độ tán và số lượng nhánh chết trong tán có liên quan đáng kể đến tỷ lệ thối thân, nhưng không liên quan đến tỷ lệ thối đầu cuống. Năm 2000, một mối liên hệ đáng kể được tìm thấy giữa tỷ lệ và mức độ thối thân với hàm lượng canxi trong trái. Tình trạng thối thân giảm với nhiệt độ và lượng mưa tăng trong năm 2000 khi những dữ liệu này được thu thập từ bảy vườn bơ. Ngược lại, hàm lượng canxi trong trái có mối liên hệ tích cực với các yếu tố này. Tác nhân gây bệnh phổ biến nhất từ các mẫu phân lập là Botryosphaeria parva, tiếp theo là Colletotrichum acutatum. Để cải thiện chất lượng trái bơ tại New Zealand, khuyến nghị rằng các nhà trồng trọt nên phun thuốc nấm nhiều hơn tám lần và bổ sung canxi nhằm tăng tỷ lệ (canxi + magiê)/kali vượt quá 0,065 trong trái.
Từ khóa
#bơ #thối sau thu hoạch #canxi #thuốc nấm #mật độ tánTài liệu tham khảo
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