Calcineurin Inhibitors With Reduced-Dose Steroids as First-Line Therapy for Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Haas, 1997, Changing etiologies of unexplained adult nephrotic syndrome: a comparison of renal biopsy findings from 1976–1979 and 1995–1997, Am J Kidney Dis, 30, 621, 10.1016/S0272-6386(97)90485-6 Korbet, 1996, The racial prevalence of glomerular lesions in nephrotic adults, Am J Kidney Dis, 27, 647, 10.1016/S0272-6386(96)90098-0 O’Shaughnessy, 2018, Glomerular disease frequencies by race, sex and region: results from the International Kidney Biopsy Survey, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 33, 661, 10.1093/ndt/gfx189 O’Shaughnessy, 2015, Patient characteristics and outcomes by GN subtype in ESRD, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 10, 1170, 10.2215/CJN.11261114 Rydel, 1995, Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis in adults: presentation, course, and response to treatment, Am J Kidney Dis, 25, 534, 10.1016/0272-6386(95)90120-5 Korbet, 1998, Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, J Am Soc Nephrol, 9, 1333, 10.1681/ASN.V971333 Cattran, 1999, A randomized trial of cyclosporine in patients with steroid-resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, Kidney Int, 56, 2220, 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00778.x Pei, 1987, Evidence suggesting under-treatment in adults with idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Regional Glomerulonephritis Registry Study, Am J Med, 82, 938, 10.1016/0002-9343(87)90155-0 Ponticelli, 1999, Can prolonged treatment improve the prognosis in adults with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis?, Am J Kidney Dis, 34, 618, 10.1016/S0272-6386(99)70384-7 Troyanov, 2005, Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis: definition and relevance of a partial remission, J Am Soc Nephrol, 16, 1061, 10.1681/ASN.2004070593 Chun, 2004, Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in nephrotic adults: presentation, prognosis, and response to therapy of the histologic variants, J Am Soc Nephrol, 15, 2169, 10.1097/01.ASN.0000135051.62500.97 Deegens, 2007, Pathological variants of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in an adult Dutch population epidemiology and outcome, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 23, 186, 10.1093/ndt/gfm523 2012, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Glomerulonephritis Work Group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for glomerulonephritis, Kidney Int Suppl, 2, 139 Laurin, 2016, Treatment with glucocorticoids or calcineurin inhibitors in primary FSGS, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 11, 386, 10.2215/CJN.07110615 Duncan, 2004, Treatment of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis in adults with tacrolimus monotherapy, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 19, 3062, 10.1093/ndt/gfh536 Goumenos, 2006, Immunosuppressive treatment of idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: a five-year follow-up study, Nephron Clin Pract, 104, c75, 10.1159/000093993 Hoes, 2009, Adverse events of low- to medium-dose oral glucocorticoids in inflammatory diseases: a meta-analysis, Ann Rheum Dis, 68, 1833, 10.1136/ard.2008.100008 Fardet, 2014, Systemic glucocorticoid therapy: a review of its metabolic and cardiovascular adverse events, Drugs, 74, 1731, 10.1007/s40265-014-0282-9 Sethi, 2017, A proposal for standardized grading of chronic changes in native kidney biopsy specimens, Kidney Int, 91, 787, 10.1016/j.kint.2017.01.002 O’Shaughnessy, 2017, Temporal and demographic trends in glomerular disease epidemiology in the southeastern United States, 1986–2015, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 12, 614, 10.2215/CJN.10871016 Ponticelli, 1993, A randomized trial of cyclosporine in steroid-resistant idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, Kidney Int, 43, 1377, 10.1038/ki.1993.194 Heering, 2004, Cyclosporine A and chlorambucil in the treatment of idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, Am J Kidney Dis, 43, 10, 10.1053/j.ajkd.2003.09.027 Ramachandran, 2014, Tacrolimus therapy in adult-onset steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome due to a focal segmental glomerulosclerosis single-center experience, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 29, 1918, 10.1093/ndt/gfu097 Chitalia, 1999, Predicting renal survival in primary focal glomerulosclerosis from the time of presentation, Kidney Int, 56, 2236, 10.1038/sj.ki.4491164 Meyrier, 1994, Long-term renal tolerance of cyclosporin A treatment in adult idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Collaborative Group of the Société de Néphrologie, Kidney Int, 45, 1446, 10.1038/ki.1994.189 Stirling, 2005, Treatment and outcome of adult patients with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in five UK renal units, Q J Med, 98, 443 Segarra, 2002, Combined therapy of tacrolimus and corticosteroids in cyclosporin-resistant or -dependent idiopathic focal glomerulosclerosis: a preliminary uncontrolled study with prospective follow-up, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 17, 655, 10.1093/ndt/17.4.655 Gipson, 2011, Clinical trial of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in children and young adults, Kidney Int, 80, 868, 10.1038/ki.2011.195 Korbet, 1994, Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: clinical course and response to therapy, Am J Kidney Dis, 23, 773, 10.1016/S0272-6386(12)80128-4