Caffeine in Brazil: intake, socioeconomic and demographic determinants, and major dietary sources

Nutrire - 2016
Alan Giovanini de Oliveira Sartori1, Marina Vieira da Silva1
1Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture – University of São Paulo, 11 Padua Dias Avenue, CEP: 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

Tóm tắt

Abstract Background The objectives of the study were to describe caffeine intake by 10 years of age or older Brazilian individuals and to investigate possible associations with demographic and socioeconomic determinants as well as the major dietary sources. Methods The data used are from the personal food consumption module (n = 34,003) of a country-representative household budget survey. Consumed foods and beverages were identified during the application of food diaries. Caffeine contents in food and beverage sources were obtained primarily in national publications. Multivariate regressions were calculated to assess the correlations between population factors and caffeine intake. Results The daily intake per person was estimated as 115.7 mg, ranging from 84.7 mg, for 10–13 years of age children and adolescents, to 139.8 mg, for individuals with no education. The percentage of individuals whom diet reveals daily caffeine intake higher than 400 mg is up to 3.0 %, according to age groups. Males and individuals living in the Northeast or South regions or in the states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and Espírito Santo are likely to ingest higher contents of the substance. The major dietary sources are coffee (63.1 %) and coffee with milk (24.9 %), cola soft drinks (3.6 %) and yerba mate (1.9 %). Conclusions Caffeine intake in Brazil is below the recommended limit reference value for adults, and the percentage of individuals whom diet reveals excessive content of caffeine is low. Thus, excessive caffeine intake may not be a health issue in Brazil and depends on the domicile and gender. The major source in the Brazilian diet is coffee.

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