Cadherins in embryonic and neural morphogenesis

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Chae, J. et al. The Drosophila tissue polarity gene starry night encodes a member of the protocadherin family. Development 126 , 5421?5429 (1999). References 55 and 56 show a role for the Flamingo/Starry Night cadherin in planar epithelial polarity. Reference 55 also shows that the subcellular distribution of Flamingo/Starry Night depends on the direction of Wnt/Frizzled signalling.

Lu, B., Usui, T., Uemura, T., Jan, L. & Jan, Y. N. Flamingo controls the planar polarity of sensory bristles and asymmetric division of sensory organ precursors in Drosophila. Curr. Biol. 9, 1247?1250 (1999).

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Senzaki, K., Ogawa, M. & Yagi, T. Proteins of the CNR family are multiple receptors for Reelin. Cell 99, 635?647 ( 1999).Protocadherins of the CNR family are identified as receptors of the extracellular matrix protein Reelin, an interaction that might contribute to the migration and differentiation of neurons within the brain cortex.

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Kohmura, N. et al. Diversity revealed by a novel family of cadherins expressed in neurons at a synaptic complex. Neuron 20, 1137?1151 (1998). This paper identifies a closely related group of protocadherins that are differentially expressed in the brain and localize to synapses.

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Uchida, N., Honjo, Y., Johnson, K. R., Wheelock, M. J. & Takeichi, M. The catenin/cadherin adhesion system is localized in synaptic junctions bordering transmitter release zones. J. Cell Biol. 135, 767?779 (1996).References 82 and 83 show that classic cadherins are components of synaptic adherens junctions.

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Manabe, T. et al. Loss of Cadherin?11 adhesion receptor enhances plastic changes in hippocampal synapses and modifies behavioral responses. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 15, 534?546 (2000).

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Shapiro, L. & Colman, D. R. The diversity of cadherins and implications for a synaptic adhesive code in the CNS. Neuron 23, 427?430 (1999).

Suzuki, S. C., Inoue, T., Kimura, Y., Tanaka, T. & Takeichi, M. Neuronal circuits are subdivided by differential expression of type-II classic cadherins in postnatal mouse brains. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 9, 433?447 ( 1997).

Obata, S. et al. A common protocadherin tail: Multiple protocadherins share the same sequence in their cytoplasmic domains and are expressed in different regions of brain. Cell. Adhes. Commun. 6, 323?333 (1998).

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Oda, H. & Tsukita, S. Nonchordate classic cadherins have a structurally and functionally unique domain that is absent from chordate classic cadherins. Dev. Biol. 216, 406? 422 (1999).

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