CT-guided transforaminal epidural steroid injection and vertebral axial decompression in management of acute lumbar disc herniation

Maetzel, 2002, The economic burden of low back pain: a review of studies published between 1996 and 2001, Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol, 16, 23, 10.1053/berh.2001.0204 Walker, 2000, The prevalence of low back pain: a systematic review of the literature from 1966 to 1998, J Spinal Disord, 12, 205, 10.1097/00002517-200006000-00003 Ping, 2013, Paopgysiology, diagnosis and treatment of low back pain, World J Orthop, 2, 42, 10.5312/wjo.v4.i2.42 Dang, 2010, A review of current treatment for lumbar disc herniation in children and adolescents, Eur Spine J, 2, 205, 10.1007/s00586-009-1202-7 Hagen, 2000, Socioeconomic factors and disability retirment from back pain: A 1983–1993 population-based prospective study in Norway, Spine, 25, 2480, 10.1097/00007632-200010010-00010 Lee, 2009, Comparison of the effectiveness of interlaminar and bilateral transforaminal epidural steroid injections in treatment of patients with lumbar disc herniation and spinal stenosis, Clin J Pain, 3, 206, 10.1097/AJP.0b013e3181878f9e Buttermann, 2004, The effect of spinal steroid injections for degenerative disc disease, Spine J, 4, 495, 10.1016/j.spinee.2004.03.024 Wolter, 2009, Cervical CT-guided, selective nerve root blocks: improved safety by dorsal approach, Am J Neuroradiol, 30, 336, 10.3174/ajnr.A1222 Marta, 2006, Age-sensitivity of time-related in vivo deformability of human lumbar motion segments and discs in pure centric tension, J Biomech, 39 Ramos, 2004, Efficacy of vertebral axial decompression on chronic low back pain: study of dosage regimen, Neurol Res, 26, 320, 10.1179/016164104225014030 Reips, 2008, Interval-level measurement with visual analogue scales in Internet-based research: VAS Generator, Behav Res Methods, 40, 699, 10.3758/BRM.40.3.699 Fairbank, 2000, The Oswestry Disability Index, Spine, 25, 2940, 10.1097/00007632-200011150-00017 Mashari, 2012, Epidural steroid injections for low back pain in rural practice: a 5-year retrospective study, Can J Rural Med, 4, 127 Vad, 2002, Transforaminal epidural steroid injections in lumbosacral radiculopathy: a prospective randomized study, Spine, 27, 11, 10.1097/00007632-200201010-00005 Chang, 2011, Safety of 1000 CT-guided steroid injections with air used to localize the epidural space, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 32, E175, 10.3174/ajnr.A2316 Valat, 2003, Epidural corticoid injections for sciatica: a randomized, double blind, controlled trial, Ann Rheum Dis, 62, 639, 10.1136/ard.62.7.639 Wilson-MacDonald, 2005, Epidural steroid injection for nerve root compression. A randomised, controlled trial, Bone Joint Surg Br, 87, 352, 10.1302/0301-620X.87B3.15338 Arden, 2005, A multicentre randomized controlled trial of epidural corticosteroid injections for sciatica: The WEST study, Rheumatology (Oxford), 44, 1399, 10.1093/rheumatology/kei028 Ng, 2005, Sell P The efficacy of corticosteroids in periradicular infiltration for chronic radicular pain: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial, Spine, 30, 857, 10.1097/01.brs.0000158878.93445.a0 Quraishi, 2012, Transforaminal injection of corticosteroids for lumbar radiculopathy: systematic review and meta-analysis, Eur Spine J, 21, 214, 10.1007/s00586-011-2008-y Benny, 2011, The efficacy of lumbosacral transforaminal epidural steroid injections: a comprehensive literature review, J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil, 24, 67, 10.3233/BMR-2011-0279 Rho, 2011, The efficacy of lumbar epidural steroid injections: Transforaminal, interlaminar, and caudal approaches, Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am, 22, 139, 10.1016/j.pmr.2010.10.006 Manchikanti, 2013, An update of comprehensive evidence-base guidelines for interventional techniques in chronic spinal pain. Part II: guidance and recommendations, Pain Physician, 16, S49 Buenaventura, 2009, Systematic review of therapeutic lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injections, Pain Physician, 12, 233, 10.36076/ppj.2009/12/233 Macario, 2006, Systematic literature review of spinal decompression via motorized traction for chronic discogenic low back pain, Pain Pract, 6, 171, 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2006.00082.x Sherry, 2001, A prospective randomized controlled study of VAX-D and TENS for the treatment of chronic low back pain, Neurol Res, 23, 780, 10.1179/016164101101199180 Coxhead, 1981, Multicentre trial of physiotherapy in the management of sciatic symptoms, Lancet, 16, 1065, 10.1016/S0140-6736(81)92238-8 Mathews, 1987, Back pain and sciatica: controlled trials of manipulation, traction, sclerosant and epidural injections, Br J Rheumatol, 26, 416, 10.1093/rheumatology/26.6.416 Werners, 1999, Randomized trial comparing interferential therapy with motorized lumbar traction and massage in the management of low back pain in a primary care setting, Spine, 24, 1579, 10.1097/00007632-199908010-00012 Borman, 2003, The efficacy of lumbar traction in the management of patients with low back pain, Rheumatol Int, 23, 82, 10.1007/s00296-002-0249-0 Mathews, 1975, Lumbar traction: a double blind controlled study for sciatica, Rheumatol Rehabil, 14, 222, 10.1093/rheumatology/14.4.222 Beurskens, 1997, Efficacy of traction for nonspecific low back pain. 12-week and 6-month results of a randomized clinical trial, Spine, 22, 2756, 10.1097/00007632-199712010-00011 Gose, 1998, Vertebral axial decompression therapy for pain associated with herniated or degenerated discs or facet syndrome: an outcome study, Neurol Res, 20, 186, 10.1080/01616412.1998.11740504 Naguszewski, 2001, Dermatomal somatosensory evoked potential demonstration of nerve root decompression after VAX-D therapy, Neurol Res, 23, 706, 10.1179/016164101101199216 Gionis, 2003, Spinal decompression. Orthopedic, Technol Rev, 5, 36 Shealy, 2005, Long-term effect analysis of IDD therapy in low back pain: a retrospective clinical pilot study, AJPM, 15, 93 Beattie, 2008, Outcomes after a prone lumbar traction protocol for patients with activity-limiting low back pain: A prospective case series study, Archive Phys Med Rehab, 89, 269, 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.06.778 Cohen, 2014, Epidural steroid injections, conservative treatment, or combination treatment for cervical radicular pain: a multicenter, randomized, comparative-effectiveness study, Anesthesiology, 121, 1045, 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000409 Roelofs, 2008, Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs for low back pain, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1 Pinto, 2012, Drugs for relief of pain in patients with sciatica: systematic review and meta-analysis, BMJ, 10.1136/bmj.e497