COVID-19 ở bệnh nhân ung thư: đặc điểm lâm sàng và kết quả - phân tích từ đăng ký LEOSS

Maria Madeleine Rüthrich1,2, Clemens Gießen-Jung3, Stefan Borgmann4, Annika Y. Claßen5,6, Sebastian Dolff7, Beate Grüner8, Frank Hanses9, Nora Isberner10, Philipp Köhler11, Julia Lanznaster12, Uta Merle13, Silvio Nadalin14, Christiane Piepel15, J Schneider16,11, Maximilian Schons5, Richard Strauß17, Lukas Tometten18, Jörg Janne Vehreschild19,5,6, Marie von Lilienfeld‐Toal20,1, Gernot Beutel21, Kai Wille22
1Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
2Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
3Department of Internal Medicine III, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
4Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Ingolstadt Hospital, Ingolstadt, Germany
5Department I for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
6German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
7Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
8Section Clinical Infectiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
9Emergency Department, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
10Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
11Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
12Department of Internal Medicine II, Passau Hospital, Passau, Germany
13Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
14Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
15Hospital Bremen-Center, Bremen, Germany
16Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts Der Isar, Munich, Germany
17Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
18Department of Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Hospital Ernst-von-Bergmann, Potsdam, Germany
19Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
20Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
21Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
22University of Bochum, University Clinic for Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Palliative Care, Minden, Germany

Tóm tắt

Tóm tắtGiới thiệu

Kể từ đầu đại dịch SARS-CoV-2, bệnh nhân ung thư được cho là có nguy cơ cao hơn mắc COVID-19 nặng. Chúng tôi trình bày một phân tích về bệnh nhân ung thư từ đăng ký LEOSS (Khảo sát mở châu Âu về bệnh nhân nhiễm SARS-CoV-2) để xác định xem bệnh nhân ung thư có thuộc nhóm có nguy cơ cao hơn hay không.

Bệnh nhân và phương pháp

Chúng tôi đã phân tích hồi cứu một nhóm gồm 435 bệnh nhân ung thư và 2636 bệnh nhân không ung thư có xác nhận nhiễm SARS-CoV-2, được thu nhận từ ngày 16 tháng 3 đến 31 tháng 8 năm 2020. Dữ liệu về nhân khẩu học, bệnh kèm theo, đặc điểm liên quan đến ung thư và diễn tiến nhiễm trùng đã được thu thập. Phân tích đã được điều chỉnh cho tuổi, giới tính và bệnh nền. Thời điểm chính là tỷ lệ tử vong liên quan đến COVID-19.

Kết quả

Tổng cộng, 435 bệnh nhân ung thư đã được đưa vào phân tích của chúng tôi. Nhóm tuổi phổ biến nhất là 76–85 tuổi (36,5%), và 40,5% là nữ. Các khối u rắn được phát hiện ở 59% bệnh nhân và u lympho, bệnh bạch cầu ở 17,5% và 11% bệnh nhân. Trong số đó, 54% có ác tính hoạt động, và 22% đã nhận được điều trị chống ung thư gần đây. Tại thời điểm phát hiện SARS-CoV-2, phần lớn (62,5%) xuất hiện triệu chứng nhẹ. Sự tiến triển thành COVID-19 nghiêm trọng diễn ra ở 55% và nhập ICU ở 27,5%. Tỷ lệ tử vong liên quan đến COVID-19 là 22,5%. Giới tính nam, tuổi cao và ác tính hoạt động có liên quan đến tỷ lệ tử vong cao hơn. So sánh giữa bệnh nhân ung thư và không ung thư, phân bố tuổi và bệnh kèm theo khác nhau đáng kể, cũng như tỷ lệ tử vong (14% vs 22,5%,p giá trị < 0,001). Sau khi điều chỉnh cho các yếu tố nguy cơ khác, tỷ lệ tử vong là tương tự.

Từ khóa

#COVID-19 #bệnh nhân ung thư #đăng ký LEOSS #tỷ lệ tử vong #đặc điểm lâm sàng

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