COVID-19 and myocarditis: a review of literature

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 74 Số 1 - 2022
Mohammed Ali1, Haaris A. Shiwani2, Mohammed Y. Elfaki3, Moaz Hamid4, Rebabonye B Pharithi5, René Kamgang5, Christian Binoun-A Egom6, Jean Louis Essame Oyono7, Emmanuel E. Egom7
1School of Medicine, The University of Manchester, Stopford Building, 99 Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PG, UK
2Burnley General Hospital, Burnley, UK
3School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
4Birmingham Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, UK
5St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
6Faculty of Medicine, University of N'Djamena, N'djamena, Chad
7Laboratory of Endocrinology and Radioisotopes, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants studies (IMPM), Yaoundé, Cameroon

Tóm tắt

AbstractMyocarditis has been discovered to be a significant complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a condition caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. COVID-19 myocarditis seems to have distinct inflammatory characteristics, which make it unique to other viral etiologies. The incidence of COVID-19 myocarditis is still not clear as a wide range of figures have been quoted in the literature; however, it seems that the risk of developing myocarditis increases with more severe infection. Furthermore, the administration of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine has been associated with the development of myocarditis, particularly after the second dose. COVID-19 myocarditis has a wide variety of presentations, ranging from dyspnea and chest pain to acute heart failure and possibly death. It is important to catch any cases of myocarditis, particularly those presenting with fulminant myocarditis which can be characterized by signs of heart failure and arrythmias. Initial work up for suspected myocarditis should include serial troponins and electrocardiograms. If myocardial damage is detected in these tests, further screening should be carried out. Cardiac magnetic resonance imagining and endomyocardial biopsy are the most useful tests for myocarditis. Treatment for COVID-19 myocarditis is still controversial; however, the use of intravenous immunoglobulins and corticosteroids in combination may be effective, particularly in cases of fulminant myocarditis. Overall, the incidence of COVID-19 myocarditis requires further research, while the use of intravenous immunoglobulins and corticosteroids in conjunction requires large randomized controlled trials to determine their efficacy.

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