Mountantonakis SE, Saleh M, Fishbein J et al (2021) Atrial fibrillation is an independent predictor for in-hospital mortality in patients admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Heart Rhythm 18(4):501–507
Wollborn J, Karamnov S, Fields KG, Yeh T, Muehlschlegel JD (2022) COVID-19 increases the risk for the onset of atrial fibrillation in hospitalized patients. Sci Rep 12(1):12014
Rosenblatt AG, Ayers CR, Rao A et al (2022) New-onset atrial fibrillation in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: results from the American Heart Association COVID-19 Cardiovascular Registry. Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol 15(5):e010666
Uribarri A, Núñez-Gil IJ, Aparisi Á et al (2021) Atrial fibrillation in patients with COVID-19. Usefulness of the CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score: an analysis of the international HOPE COVID-19 registry. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 74(7):608–615
Abbasi J (2022) The COVID heart—one year after SARS-CoV-2 infection, patients have an array of increased cardiovascular risks. JAMA 327(12):1113–1114
Gawałko M, Kapłon-Cieślicka A, Hohl M, Dobrev D, Linz D (2020) COVID-19 associated atrial fibrillation: incidence, putative mechanisms and potential clinical implications. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc 30:100631
Raatikainen P, Lassila R (2022) COVID-19: another reason for anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation. Heart 108(12):902–904
Yuniadi Y, Yugo D, Fajri M et al (2022) ECG characteristics of COVID-19 patient with arrhythmias: referral hospitals data from Indonesia. J Arrhythmia 38(3):432–438
Cho JH, Namazi A, Shelton R et al (2020) Cardiac arrhythmias in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a prospective observational study in the western United States. PLoS ONE 15(12):e0244533
Bhatla A, Mayer MM, Adusumalli S et al (2020) COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm 17(9):1439–1444
Inciardi RM, Adamo M, Lupi L et al (2020) Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and cardiac disease in Northern Italy. Eur Heart J 41(19):1821–1829
Li Z, Shao W, Zhang J et al (2021) Prevalence of atrial fibrillation and associated mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 8:720129
Musikantow DR, Turagam MK, Sartori S et al (2021) Atrial fibrillation in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 7(9):1120–1130
Fumagalli S, Trevisan C, Del Signore S et al (2022) Atrial fibrillation and COVID-19 in older patients: how disability contributes to shape the risk profile. An analysis of the GeroCovid registry. Aging Clin Exp Res 34(1):249–256
Bernstein HM, Paciotti B, Srivatsa UN (2023) Incidence and implications of atrial fibrillation in patients hospitalized for COVID compared to non-COVID pneumonia: a multicenter cohort study. Heart Rhythm O2 4(1):3–8
Abdulrahman A, Hussain T, Nawaz S et al (2021) Is atrial fibrillation a risk factor for worse outcomes in severe COVID-19 patients: a single center retrospective cohort. J Saudi Heart Assoc 33(2):160–168
Siripanthong B, Nazarian S, Muser D et al (2020) Recognizing COVID-19-related myocarditis: the possible pathophysiology and proposed guideline for diagnosis and management. Heart Rhythm 17:1463–1471
Voleti N, Reddy SP, Ssentongo P (2022) Myocarditis in SARS-CoV-2 infection vs. COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 9:951314
Hadi HA, Alsheikh-Ali AA, Mahmeed WA, Suwaidi JA (2010) Inflammatory cytokines and atrial fibrillation: current and prospective views. J Inflamm Res 3:75–97
Miró Ò, Jiménez S, Mebazaa A et al (2021) Pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19: incidence, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and outcome. Eur Heart J 42(33):3127–3142
Pagnesi M, Baldetti L, Beneduce A et al (2020) Pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular involvement in hospitalised patients with COVID-19. Heart 106(17):1324–1331
Zhan Y, Yue H, Liang W, Wu Z (2022) Effects of COVID-19 on arrhythmia. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 9:292
Lazzerini PE, Laghi-Pasini F, Boutjdir M, Capecchi PL (2022) Inflammatory cytokines and cardiac arrhythmias: the lesson from COVID-19. Nat Rev Immunol 22(5):270–272
Lavelle MP, Desai AD, Wan EY (2022) Arrhythmias in the COVID-19 patient. Heart Rhythm O2 3(1):8–14
Hernandez I, Gabriel N, He M et al (2021) COVID-19 and anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation: an analysis of us nationwide pharmacy claims data. J Am Heart Assoc 10(24):e023235
Poh KC, Tay VYJ, Lin SHX, Chee H, Suhitharan T (2020) A review of COVID-19-related thrombosis and anticoagulation strategies specific to the Asian population. Singap Med J 63:350–361
Rafaqat S, Rafaqat S, Khurshid H, Rafaqat S (2022) Electrolyte’s imbalance role in atrial fibrillation: pharmacological management. Int J Arrhythmia 23(1):15
Lu Y-Y, Cheng C-C, Chen Y-C et al (2016) Electrolyte disturbances differentially regulate sinoatrial node and pulmonary vein electrical activity: a contribution to hypokalemia- or hyponatremia-induced atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 13(3):781–788
Platonov PG, McNitt S, Polonsky B, Rosero SZ, Zareba W (2019) Atrial fibrillation in long QT syndrome by genotype. Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol 12(10):e007213
Mandyam MC, Soliman EZ, Alonso A et al (2013) The QT interval and risk of incident atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 10(10):1562–1568
Lazzerini PE, Boutjdir M, Capecchi PL (2020) COVID-19, arrhythmic risk, and inflammation. Circulation 142(1):7–9
Hong M, Chun K-H, Hwang I et al (2020) Clinical and genetic relationships between the QTc interval and risk of a stroke among atrial fibrillation patients undergoing catheter ablation. Int J Arrhythmia 21(1):9
Chen P-S, Chen LS, Fishbein MC, Lin S-F, Nattel S (2014) Role of the autonomic nervous system in atrial fibrillation. Circ Res 114(9):1500–1515
Zhou X, Dudley SC (2020) Evidence for inflammation as a driver of atrial fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 7:62
Ichiki H, Orihara K, Hamasaki S et al (2009) The role of infection in the development of non-valvular atrial fibrillation: up-regulation of Toll-like receptor 2 expression levels on monocytes. J Cardiol 53(1):127–135
Chang T-Y, Chao T-F, Liu C-J et al (2016) The association between influenza infection, vaccination, and atrial fibrillation: a nationwide case-control study. Heart Rhythm 13(6):1189–1194
Bolton A, Thyagaturu H, Ashraf M, Carnahan R, Hodgson-Zingman D (2022) Effects of atrial fibrillation on outcomes of influenza hospitalization. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc 42:101106
Lin Y-H, Platt MP, Gilley RP et al (2021) Influenza causes MLKL-driven cardiac proteome remodeling during convalescence. Circ Res 128(5):570–584
Maisano A, Vitolo M, Imberti JF et al (2022) Atrial fibrillation in the setting of acute pneumonia: not a secondary arrhythmia. RCM 23(5):176
Aarabi G, Schnabel RB, Heydecke G, Seedorf U (2018) Potential impact of oral inflammations on cardiac functions and atrial fibrillation. Biomolecules 8(3):66
Baba A, Yoshikawa T, Fukuda Y et al (2004) Autoantibodies against M2-muscarinic acetylcholine receptors: new upstream targets in atrial fibrillation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 25(13):1108–1115
Stavrakis S, Yu X, Patterson E et al (2009) Activating autoantibodies to the beta-1 adrenergic and m2 muscarinic receptors facilitate atrial fibrillation in patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism. J Am Coll Cardiol 54(14):1309–1316
Mandal K, Jahangiri M, Mukhin M et al (2004) Association of anti-heat shock protein 65 antibodies with development of postoperative atrial fibrillation. Circulation 110(17):2588–2590
Bagrov AY, Fedorova OV, Roukoyatkina NI, Zhabko EP (1993) Effect of endogenous digoxin-like factor and digoxin antibody on myocardial Na+, K+-pump activity and ventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial ischaemia in rats. Cardiovasc Res 27(6):1045–1050
Maixent JM, Paganelli F, Scaglione J, Levy S (1998) Antibodies against myosin in sera of patients with idiopathic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 9(6):612–617
Lee HC, Huang KT, Wang XL, Shen WK (2011) Autoantibodies and cardiac arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm 8(11):1788–1795
Melduni RM, Cooper LT, Gersh BJ et al (2020) Association of autoimmune vasculitis and incident atrial fibrillation: a population-based case-control study. J Am Heart Assoc 9(18):e015977
Fu M (2009) Autoantibodies in atrial fibrillation: actors, biomarkers or bystanders? How far have we come? Cardiology 112(3):178
Nouskas I, Holeva V, Parlapani E et al (2021) A COVID-19 patient presenting with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Cureus 13(8):17569
Shah D, Umar Z, Ilyas U et al (2022) New-onset atrial fibrillation in COVID-19 infection: a case report and review of literature. Cureus 14(4):e23912
Bouchlarhem A, Haddar L, Nasri S et al (2021) Brainstem stroke: a fatal thromboembolic event after new onset atrial fibrillation during covid-19 infection: a case report and literature review. Radiol Case Rep 16(11):3244–3249
Harhay J, Khan M, Shah S, Malhotra A (2020) SARS-COV-2 PRESENTING AS NEW ONSET ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A Case Report. Cureus 12(5):e8054
Al-Abbas O, Alshaikhli A, Amran HA (2021) New-onset atrial fibrillation and multiple systemic emboli in a COVID-19 patient. Cureus 13(1):e12917
Mann H, Chaudry A, Dolkar T, Dufresne A (2022) Coronavirus disease 2019 associated acute myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation: a case report. Cureus 14(11):e31216
Gupta A, Madhavan MV, Sehgal K et al (2020) Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. Nat Med 26(7):1017–1032
Nouskas I, Holeva V, Parlapani E, Nikopoulou VA, Diakogiannis I (2021) A COVID-19 patient presenting with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Cureus 13(8):e17569
Schnaubelt S, Breyer MK, Siller-Matula J, Domanovits H (2020) Atrial fibrillation: a risk factor for unfavourable outcome in COVID-19? A case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep 4(Fi1):1–6
Santi AD, Aquino P, Dorfman M (2021) Atrial fibrillation in a child with COVID-19 infection. Cardiol Young 31(2):318–321
Kohli U, Meinert E, Chong G, Tesher M, Jani P (2022) Fulminant myocarditis and atrial fibrillation in child with acute COVID-19. J Electrocardiol 73:150–152
Hajouli S (2021) A 29-year-old man with COVID-19 pneumonia, heart failure-reduced ejection fraction, and atrial fibrillation with a father and 2 grandparents who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Am J Case Rep 22:e933163
Seecheran R, Narayansingh R, Giddings S et al (2020) Atrial arrhythmias in a patient presenting with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 8:2324709620925571
Taha ME, Alsafi W, Taha M, Eljack A, Ibrahim H (2020) Coronavirus disease and new-onset atrial fibrillation: two cases. Cureus 12(5):e8066
Cutler MJ, May HT, Bair TL et al (2022) Atrial fibrillation is a risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events in COVID-19. IJC Heart Vasc 43:101127
Rattanawong P, Shen W, Masry HE et al (2020) Guidance on short-term management of atrial fibrillation in coronavirus disease 2019. J Am Heart Assoc 9(14):e017529
Hu Y-F, Cheng W-H, Hung Y et al (2020) Management of atrial fibrillation in COVID-19 pandemic. Circ J 84(10):1679–1685
Lakkireddy DR, Chung MK, Gopinathannair R et al (2020) Guidance for cardiac electrophysiology during the COVID-19 pandemic from the Heart Rhythm Society COVID-19 Task Force; Electrophysiology Section of the American College of Cardiology; and the Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association. Circulation 141(21):e823–e831
Barbhaiya CR, Wadhwani L, Manmadhan A et al (2022) Rebooting atrial fibrillation ablation in the COVID-19 pandemic. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 63(1):97–101
Li K, Qin M, Jiang W et al (2020) Management of catheter ablation in arrhythmia patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic. ESC Heart Fail 7(6):4032–4039
Pius C, Ahmad H, Snowdon R et al (2022) Impact of COVID-19 on patients awaiting ablation for atrial fibrillation. Open Heart 9(1):e001969
Sarkar M, Madabhavi IV, Quy PN, Govindagoudar MB (2021) COVID-19 and coagulopathy. Clin Respir J 15(12):1259–1274
Gonzalez-Gonzalez FJ, Ziccardi MR, McCauley MD (2021) Virchow’s triad and the role of thrombosis in COVID-related stroke. Front Physiol 12:769254
Violi F, Loffredo L (2012) Thromboembolism or atherothromboembolism in atrial fibrillation? Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol 5(6):1053–1055
Zimetbaum P, Waks JW, Ellis ER, Glotzer TV, Passman RS (2014) Role of atrial fibrillation burden in assessing thromboembolic risk. Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol 7(6):1223–1229
Healey JS, Connolly SJ, Gold MR et al (2012) Subclinical atrial fibrillation and the risk of stroke. N Engl J Med 366(2):120–129
Jame S, Barnes G (2020) Stroke and thromboembolism prevention in atrial fibrillation. Heart 106(1):10–17
Qureshi AI, Baskett WI, Huang W et al (2021) Intracerebral hemorrhage and coronavirus disease 2019 in a cohort of 282,718 hospitalized patients. Neurocrit Care 36:1–7
Dhamoon MS, Thaler A, Gururangan K et al (2021) Acute cerebrovascular events with COVID-19 infection. Stroke 52(1):48–56
Bahranifard B, Mehdizadeh S, Hamidi A et al (2022) A review of neuroradiological abnormalities in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Neuroradiol J 35(1):3–24
Lutsey PL, Norby FL, Alonso A et al (2018) Atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism: evidence of bidirectionality in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. J Thromb Haemost 16(4):670–679
Hornestam B, Adiels M, Wai Giang K et al (2021) Atrial fibrillation and risk of venous thromboembolism: a Swedish Nationwide Registry Study. EP Europace 23(12):1913–1921
Ptaszynska-Kopczynska K, Kiluk I, Sobkowicz B (2019) Atrial fibrillation in patients with acute pulmonary embolism: clinical significance and impact on prognosis. Biomed Res Int 2019:7846291
Bashir M, Asher CR, Garcia MJ et al (2001) Right atrial spontaneous echo contrast and thrombi in atrial fibrillation: a transesophageal echocardiography study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 14(2):122–127
Ozer O, Sari I, Davutoglu V (2010) Right atrial appendage: forgotten part of the heart in atrial fibrillation. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 16(2):218–220
Aberg H (1969) Atrial fibrillation: I. A study of atrial thrombosis and systemic embolism in a necropsy material. Acta Med Scand 185(1–6):373–379
Gul MH, Htun ZM, de Jesus Perez V et al (2023) Predictors and outcomes of acute pulmonary embolism in COVID-19; insights from US National COVID cohort collaborative. Respir Res 24(1):59
Malas MB, Naazie IN, Elsayed N et al (2020) Thromboembolism risk of COVID-19 is high and associated with a higher risk of mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 29:100639
Barra SNC, Paiva LV, Providência R, Fernandes A, Leitão Marques A (2014) Atrial fibrillation in acute pulmonary embolism: prognostic considerations. Emerg Med J 31(4):308–312
Abdulsalam MA, Elganainy MN, Abdulsalam AJ (2019) Pulmonary embolism causing atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular response: a case report. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 19(1):101
Kim YG, Choi YY, Han K-D et al (2021) Atrial fibrillation is associated with increased risk of lethal ventricular arrhythmias. Sci Rep 11(1):18111
Sarrias A, Villuendas R, Bisbal F et al (2015) From atrial fibrillation to ventricular fibrillation and back. Circulation 132(21):2035–2036
Ingul CB, Grimsmo J, Mecinaj A et al (2022) Cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmias 3 months after hospitalization for COVID-19. J Am Heart Assoc 11(3):e023473
Callans DJ (2017) Premature ventricular contraction-induced cardiomyopathy. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 6(4):153–155
Jeremiah B, Lubis AC, Hasan H (2021) C64. New ONSET PVC bigeminy post Covid-19 infection: another covid-cardiac related problem. Eur Heart J Suppl. 2021;23(Suppl F):suab125.063
Mohammadyari E, Ahmadi I, Mohammadyari A, Tavan H, Norozi S (2021) The frequency of arrhythmias in COVID-19 patients, a study in the Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital of Ilam from March to August 2020. New Microbes New Infect 41:100867
Coromilas EJ, Kochav S, Goldenthal I et al (2021) Worldwide survey of COVID-19-associated arrhythmias. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 14(3):e009458
Cho JH, Namazi A, Shelton R et al (2021) Cardiac arrhythmias in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a prospective observational study in the western United States. PLoS ONE 15(12):e0244533
Peretto G, Sala S, Rizzo S et al (2020) Ventricular arrhythmias in myocarditis: characterization and relationships with myocardial inflammation. J Am Coll Cardiol 75(9):1046–1057
Mitacchione G, Schiavone M, Gasperetti A, Forleo GB (2020) Ventricular tachycardia storm management in a COVID-19 patient: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep 4(FI1):1–6
Kumar A, Shariff M, Bhat V, DeSimone C, Deshmukh A (2022) Atrial fibrillation after vaccination for COVID-19: analysis of the vaccine adverse event reporting system. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 65(1):1–2
Abutaleb MH, Makeen HA, Meraya AM et al (2023) Risks of cardiac arrhythmia associated with COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 11(1):112
Chen CY, Hsieh M, Wei CT, Lin CW (2023) Atrial fibrillation after mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: case report with literature review. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 16:209–214
Theodorou A, Bakola E, Chondrogianni M et al (2022) Covid-vaccine-fear-induced paroxysmal atrial fibrillation causing multiple acute arterial infarctions: a case report. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 15:17562864221094714
Vargas GA, Azarbal JR, Tang F, Hammel IS (2022) Abstract 10638: the effectiveness of Covid 19 vaccines against new onset atrial fibrillation in hospitalized Covid 19 patients. Circulation 146(Suppl_1):A10638–A10638
Nattel S (2017) Molecular and cellular mechanisms of atrial fibrosis in atrial fibrillation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 3(5):425–435
Burstein B, Nattel S (2008) Atrial fibrosis: mechanisms and clinical relevance in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 51(8):802–809
Qi X-Y, Huang H, Ordog B et al (2015) Fibroblast inward-rectifier potassium current upregulation in profibrillatory atrial remodeling. Circ Res 116(5):836–845
Thum T, Gross C, Fiedler J et al (2008) MicroRNA-21 contributes to myocardial disease by stimulating MAP kinase signalling in fibroblasts. Nature 456(7224):980–984
Olson ER, Shamhart PE, Naugle JE, Meszaros JG (2008) Angiotensin II-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation is mediated by protein kinase Cδ and intracellular calcium in adult rat cardiac fibroblasts. Hypertension 51(3):704–711
Vasquez C, Mohandas P, Louie KL et al (2010) Enhanced fibroblast-myocyte interactions in response to cardiac injury. Circ Res 107(8):1011–1020
Yue L, Xie J, Nattel S (2011) Molecular determinants of cardiac fibroblast electrical function and therapeutic implications for atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 89(4):744–753
Zlochiver S, Munoz V, Vikstrom KL et al (2008) Electrotonic myofibroblast-to-myocyte coupling increases propensity to reentrant arrhythmias in two-dimensional cardiac monolayers. Biophys J 95(9):4469–4480
Roell W, Lewalter T, Sasse P et al (2007) Engraftment of connexin 43-expressing cells prevents post-infarct arrhythmia. Nature 450(7171):819–824
Travers JG, Kamal FA, Robbins J, Yutzey KE, Blaxall BC (2016) Cardiac fibrosis. Circ Res 118(6):1021–1040
Liao C-H, Akazawa H, Tamagawa M et al (2010) Cardiac mast cells cause atrial fibrillation through PDGF-A–mediated fibrosis in pressure-overloaded mouse hearts. J Clin Investig 120(1):242–253
Song L, Zhao S, Wang L et al (2020) Cardiovascular changes in patients with COVID-19 from Wuhan, China. Front Cardiovasc Med 7:150
Weber KT, Sun Y, Bhattacharya SK, Ahokas RA, Gerling IC (2013) Myofibroblast-mediated mechanisms of pathological remodelling of the heart. Nat Rev Cardiol 10(1):15–26
Rosker C, Salvarani N, Schmutz S, Grand T, Rohr S (2011) Abolishing myofibroblast arrhythmogeneicity by pharmacological ablation of α-smooth muscle actin containing stress fibers. Circ Res 109(10):1120–1131
Yue L, Xie J, Nattel S (2010) Molecular determinants of cardiac fibroblast electrical function and therapeutic implications for atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 89(4):744–753
Lin CS, Pan CH (2008) Regulatory mechanisms of atrial fibrotic remodeling in atrial fibrillation. Cell Mol Life Sci 65(10):1489–1508
Li YY, McTiernan CF, Feldman AM (1999) Proinflammatory cytokines regulate tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases and disintegrin metalloproteinase in cardiac cells. Cardiovasc Res 42(1):162–172
Siwik DA, Chang DL, Colucci WS (2000) Interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha decrease collagen synthesis and increase matrix metalloproteinase activity in cardiac fibroblasts in vitro. Circ Res 86(12):1259–1265
Murdoch CE, Zhang M, Cave AC, Shah AM (2006) NADPH oxidase-dependent redox signalling in cardiac hypertrophy, remodelling and failure. Cardiovasc Res 71(2):208–215
Siwik DA, Colucci WS (2004) Regulation of matrix metalloproteinases by cytokines and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in the myocardium. Heart Fail Rev 9(1):43–51
Li YY, Feng YQ, Kadokami T et al (2000) Myocardial extracellular matrix remodeling in transgenic mice overexpressing tumor necrosis factor alpha can be modulated by anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97(23):12746–12751
Schulz R (2007) Intracellular targets of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in cardiac disease: rationale and therapeutic approaches. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 47(1):211–242
Siwik DA, Pagano PJ, Colucci WS (2001) Oxidative stress regulates collagen synthesis and matrix metalloproteinase activity in cardiac fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 280(1):C53-60
Yabluchanskiy A, Ma Y, Iyer RP, Hall ME, Lindsey ML (2013) Matrix metalloproteinase-9: many shades of function in cardiovascular disease. Physiology (Bethesda) 28(6):391–403
Zhu H, Zhang W, Guo CH et al (2005) Effects of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor-1 of metalloproteinase expression on atrial structural remodeling during chronic atrial fibrillation. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 85(1):45–48
Nakano Y, Niida S, Dote K et al (2004) Matrix metalloproteinase-9 contributes to human atrial remodeling during atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 43(5):818–825
Nath D, Slocombe PM, Webster A et al (2000) Meltrin gamma(ADAM-9) mediates cellular adhesion through alpha(6)beta(1)integrin, leading to a marked induction of fibroblast cell motility. J Cell Sci 113(Pt 12):2319–2328
Ding B, Price RL, Goldsmith EC et al (2000) Left ventricular hypertrophy in ascending aortic stenosis mice. Circulation 101(24):2854–2862
Peschon JJ, Slack JL, Reddy P et al (1998) An essential role for ectodomain shedding in mammalian development. Science 282(5392):1281–1284
Arndt M, Lendeckel U, Röcken C et al (2002) Altered expression of ADAMs (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase) in fibrillating human atria. Circulation 105(6):720–725