Bullous pemphigoid: From the clinic to the bench

Clinics in Dermatology - Tập 30 Số 1 - Trang 3-16 - 2012
Giovanni Di Zenzo1, Rocco della Torre2, Giovanna Zambruno1, Luca Borradori2
1Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
2Department of Dermatology, University Hospital-Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Berne, Switzerland

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Lipsker, 2010, ‘Bullous’ pemphigoid: what are you? Urgent need of definitions and diagnostic criteria, Dermatology, 221, 131, 10.1159/000316104

Bernard, 1995, Incidence and distribution of subepidermal autoimmune bullous skin diseases in three French regions. Bullous diseases French study group, Arch Dermatol, 131, 48, 10.1001/archderm.1995.01690130050009

Jung, 1999, Increased risk of bullous pemphigoid in male and very old patients: a population based study on incidence, J Am Acad Dermatol, 41, 266, 10.1016/S0190-9622(99)70061-7

Marazza, 2009, Autoimmune bullous disease Swiss study group. Incidence of bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus in Switzerland: a 2-year prospective study, Br J Dermatol, 161, 861, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09300.x

Bertram, 2009, Prospective analysis of the incidence of autoimmune bullous disorders in Lower Franconia, Germany, J Dtsch Dermatol Ges, 7, 434, 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2008.06976.x

Langan, 2008, Bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris—incidence and mortality in the UK: population based cohort study, BMJ, 337, a180, 10.1136/bmj.a180

Waisbourd-Zinman, 2008, Bullous pemphigoid in infancy: Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics, J Am Acad Dermatol, 58, 41, 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.08.010

Liu, 1986, Clinical variants of pemphigoid, Int J Dermatol, 25, 17, 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1986.tb03397.x

Korman, 1987, Bullous pemphigoid, J Am Acad Dermatol, 16, 907, 10.1016/S0190-9622(87)70115-7

Di Zenzo, 2007, Bullous pemphigoid: physiopathology, clinical features and management, Adv Dermatol, 23, 257, 10.1016/j.yadr.2007.07.013

Di Zenzo, 2008, Multicenter prospective study of the humoral autoimmune response in bullous pemphigoid, Clin Immunol, 128, 415, 10.1016/j.clim.2008.04.012

Castanet, 1990, Atypical clinical forms of bullous pemphigoid, Ann Dermatol Venereol, 117, 73

Salomon, 1987, Localized bullous pemphigoid. A mimic of acute contact dermatitis, Arch Dermatol, 123, 389, 10.1001/archderm.1987.01660270127031

Tran, 2005, Localized bullous pemphigoid: a commonly delayed diagnosis, Int J Dermatol, 44, 942, 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02288.x

Ernst, 1982, Develop of localized pemphigoid following radiation treatment, Dermatologica, 164, 73, 10.1159/000250069

Borradori, 1992, Localized pretibial pemphigoid and pemphigoid nodularis, J Am Acad Dermatol, 27, 863, 10.1016/0190-9622(92)70268-K

Callens, 1993, Localized atypical pemphigoid on lymphoedema following radiotherapy, Acta Derm Venereol, 73, 461, 10.2340/0001555573461464

Person, 1983, Hydrostatic bullae and pretibial pemphigoid, Int J Dermatol, 22, 237, 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1983.tb03375.x

Schmidt, 2009, Bullous pemphigoid with localized umbilical involvement, Acta Derm Venereol, 89, 419, 10.2340/00015555-0644

Nunzi, 1988, Dyshidrosiform pemphigoid, J Am Acad Dermatol, 19, 568, 10.1016/S0190-9622(88)80322-0

Descamps, 1992, Dyshidrosiform pemphigoid: report of three cases, J Am Acad Dermatol, 26, 651, 10.1016/S0190-9622(08)80798-0

Farrell, 1999, Childhood vulval pemphigoid: a clinical and immunopathological study of five patients, Br J Dermatol, 140, 308, 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02668.x

Bean, 1976, Vesicular pemphigoid, Arch Dermatol, 112, 1402, 10.1001/archderm.1976.01630340020005

Komine, 1992, Vesicular pemphigoid, Int J Dermatol, 31, 868, 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1992.tb03546.x

Ohnishi, 2000, A vesicular bullous pemphigoid with an autoantibody against plectin, Br J Dermatol, 142, 813, 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03434.x

Ueda, 1989, Pemphigoid vegetans, Br J Dermatol, 120, 449, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb04173.x

Poulain, 1999, Pigmented pemphigoid, Ann Dermatol Venereol, 126, 616

Korman, 1995, Erythrodermic bullous pemphigoid is a clinical variant of bullous pemphigoid, Br J Dermatol, 133, 967, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb06935.x

Cliff, 1997, Pemphigoid nodularis: a report of three cases and review of the literature, Br J Dermatol, 136, 398, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb14953.x

Gengoux, 1997, Pemphigoid presenting as atypical excoriated prurigo: regarding 11 cases, Dermatology, 194, 392, 10.1159/000246158

Alonso-Llamazares, 1998, Bullous pemphigoid presenting as exfoliative erythroderma, J Am Acad Dermatol, 39, 827, 10.1016/S0190-9622(98)70358-5

Cordel, 2002, Extensive erosive bullous pemphigoid: an atypical and serious clinical variant, Br J Dermatol, 146, 537, 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.465611.x

Geiss Steiner, 2010, Ecthyma-gangrenosum-like bullous pemphigoid, Dermatology, 221, 142, 10.1159/000316098

Stingl, 1975, Coexistence of lichen planus and bullous pemphigoid. An immunopathological study, Br J Dermatol, 93, 313, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1975.tb06497.x

Sobel, 1976, Lichen planus pemphigoides, immunofluorescence findings, Arch Dermatol, 112, 1280, 10.1001/archderm.1976.01630330042011

Trueb, 1999, Childhood bullous pemphigoid. Report of a case with characterization of the targeted antigens, J Am Acad Dermatol, 40, 338, 10.1016/S0190-9622(99)70481-0

Bastuji-Garin, 1996, Drugs associated with bullous pemphigoid. A case-control study, Arch Dermatol, 132, 272, 10.1001/archderm.1996.03890270044006

Bastuji-Garin, 2011, Risk Factors for bullous pemphigoid in the elderly. A prospective case-control study, J Invest Dermatol, 131, 637, 10.1038/jid.2010.301

Taylor, 1993, Bullous pemphigoid and autoimmunity, J Am Acad Dermatol, 29, 181, 10.1016/0190-9622(93)70164-O

Kirtschig, 1996, Acquired subepidermal bullous diseases associated with psoriasis: a clinical, immunopathological and immunogenetic study, Br J Dermatol, 135, 738, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb03883.x

Wilczek, 2006, Concomitant psoriasis and bullous pemphigoid: coincidence or pathogenic relationship?, Int J Dermatol, 45, 1353, 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2006.02861.x

Shipman, 2011, Autoreactivity to bullous pemphigoid 180: is this the link between subepidermal blistering diseases and oral lichen planus?, Clin Exp Dermatol, 36, 267, 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2010.03878.x

Lindelof, 1990, Pemphigoid and cancer, Arch Dermatol, 126, 66, 10.1001/archderm.1990.01670250072011

Ogawa, 1995, The incidence of internal malignancies in pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid in Japan, J Dermatol Sci, 9, 136, 10.1016/0923-1811(94)00371-K

Bourdon-Lanoy, 2005, Bullous pemphigoid in young patients: a retrospective study of 74 cases, Ann Dermatol Venereol, 132, 115, 10.1016/S0151-9638(05)79220-6

Taghipour, 2010, The association of bullous pemphigoid with cerebrovascular disease and dementia: a case-control study, Arch Dermatol, 146, 1251, 10.1001/archdermatol.2010.322

Langan, 2011, The relationship between neurological disease and bullous pemphigoid: a population-based case-control study, J Invest Dermatol, 131, 631, 10.1038/jid.2010.357

Jedlickova, 2010, Bullous pemphigoid and internal diseases—A case-control study, Eur J Dermatol, 20, 96, 10.1684/ejd.2010.0805

Nielsen, 2008, Autoimmune diseases in patients with multiple sclerosis and their first-degree relatives: a nationwide cohort study in Denmark, Mult Scler, 14, 823, 10.1177/1352458508088936

Langer-Gould, 2010, Autoimmune diseases prior to the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a population-based case-control study, Mult Scler, 16, 855, 10.1177/1352458510369146

Leung, 2001, The BPAG1 locus: Alternative splicing produces multiple isoforms with distinct cytoskeletal linker domains, including predominant isoforms in neurons and muscles, J Cell Biol, 154, 691, 10.1083/jcb.200012098

Seppanen, 2007, Distribution of collagen XVII in the human brain, Brain Res, 1158, 50, 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.04.073

Chen, 2010, Sera of elderly bullous pemphigoid patients with associated neurological diseases recognize bullous pemphigoid antigens in the human brain, Gerontology

Guo, 1995, Gene targeting of BPAG1: abnormalities in mechanical strength and cell migration in stratified epithelia and neurologic degeneration, Cell, 81, 233, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90333-X

Vaillant, 1998, Evaluation of clinical criteria for diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. French Bullous Study Group, Arch Dermatol, 134, 1075, 10.1001/archderm.134.9.1075

Joly, 2004, Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid: a reevaluation according to immunoblot analysis of patient sera, Dermatology, 208, 16, 10.1159/000075040

Magro, 2008, The use of C3d and C4d immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed tissue as a diagnostic adjunct in the assessment of inflammatory skin disease, J Am Acad Dermatol, 59, 822, 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.06.022

Pfaltz, 2010, C3d immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed tissue is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid of the skin, J Cutan Pathol, 37, 654, 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01450.x

Gammon, 1990, Direct immunofluorescence studies of sodium chloride-separated skin in the differential diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, J Am Acad Dermatol, 22, 664, 10.1016/0190-9622(90)70094-X

Vodegel, 2004, U-serrated immunodeposition pattern differentiates type VII collagen targeting bullous diseases from other subepidermal bullous autoimmune diseases, Br J Dermatol, 151, 112, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06006.x

De Jong, 1996, Bullous pemphigoid and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Differentiation by fluorescence overlay antigen mapping, Arch Dermatol, 132, 151, 10.1001/archderm.1996.03890260053008

Gammon, 1984, Differentiating anti-lamina lucida and anti-sublamina densa anti-BMZ antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence on 1.0 M sodium chloride-separated skin, J Invest Dermatol, 82, 139, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12259692

Zillikens, 1997, A highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of circulating autoantibodies in patients with bullous pemphigoid, J Invest Dermatol, 109, 679, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12338088

Nakatani, 1998, Immunoreactivity of bullous pemphigoid (BP) autoantibodies against the NC16A and C-terminal domains of the 180 kDa BP antigen (BP180): immunoblot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using BP180 recombinant proteins, Br J Dermatol, 139, 365, 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02396.x

Husz, 2000, Development of a system for detection of circulating antibodies against hemdesmosomal proteins in patients with bullous pemphigoid, Arch Dermatol Res, 292, 217, 10.1007/s004030050478

Hata, 2000, Production of the entire extracellular domain of BP180 (type XVII collagen) by baculovirus expression, J Dermatol Sci, 23, 183, 10.1016/S0923-1811(00)00074-8

Kobayashi, 2002, BP180 ELISA using bacterial recombinant NC16a protein as a diagnostic and monitoring tool for bullous pemphigoid, J Dermatol Sci, 30, 224, 10.1016/S0923-1811(02)00109-3

Hofmann, 2002, Severity and phenotype of bullous pemphigoid relate to autoantibody profile against the NH2- and COOH-terminal regions of the BP180 ectodomain, J Invest Dermatol, 119, 1065, 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.19529.x

Sakuma-Oyama, 2004, Evaluation of a BP180-NC16a enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the initial diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid, Br J Dermatol, 151, 126, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06082.x

Mariotti, 2004, Development of a novel ELISA system for detection of anti-BP180 IgG and characterization of autoantibody profile in bullous pemphigoid patients, Br J Dermatol, 151, 1004, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06245.x

Thoma-Uszynski, 2004, BP230- and BP180 specific autoantibodies in bullous pemphigoid, J Invest Dermatol, 122, 1413, 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22603.x

Kromminga, 2004, Development of an ELISA for the detection of autoantibodies to BP230, Clin Immunol, 111, 146, 10.1016/j.clim.2003.12.007

Tsuji-Abe, 2005, Correlation of clinical severity and ELISA indices for the NC16A domain of BP180 measured using BP180 ELISA kit in bullous pemphigoid, J Dermatol Sci, 37, 145, 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2004.10.007

Yoshida, 2006, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using bacterial recombinant proteins of human BP230 as a diagnostic tool for bullous pemphigoid, J Dermatol Sci, 41, 21, 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2005.11.002

Sitaru, 2007, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using multimers of the 16th non-collagenous domain of the BP180 antigen for sensitive and specific detection of pemphigoid autoantibodies, Exp Dermatol, 16, 770, 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00592.x

Feng, 2008, Role of BP180NC16a-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid in China, Int J Dermatol, 47, 24, 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2007.03531.x

Tampoia, 2009, Evaluation of a new ELISA assay for detection of BP230 autoantibodies in bullous pemphigoid, Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1173, 15, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04630.x

Charneux, 2011, Usefulness of BP230 and BP180-NC16a enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in the initial diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid: a retrospective study of 138 patients, Arch Dermatol, 147, 286, 10.1001/archdermatol.2011.23

Roussel, 2011, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the combination of bullous pemphigoid antigens 1 and 2 in the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid, Arch Dermatol, 147, 293, 10.1001/archdermatol.2011.21

Bernard, 2009, Risk factors for relapse in patients with bullous pemphigoid in clinical remission: a multicenter, prospective, cohort study, Arch Dermatol, 145, 537, 10.1001/archdermatol.2009.53

Roujeau, 1998, High risk of death in elderly patients with extensive bullous pemphigoid, Arch Dermatol, 134, 465, 10.1001/archderm.134.4.465

Colbert, 2004, Mortality rate of bullous pemphigoid in a US medical center, J Invest Dermatol, 122, 1091, 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22504.x

Rzany, 2002, Risk factors for lethal outcome in patients with bullous pemphigoid: low serum albumin level, high dosage of glucocorticosteroids, and old age, Arch Dermatol, 138, 903, 10.1001/archderm.138.7.903

Joly, 2005, Prediction of survival for patients with bullous pemphigoid: a prospective study, Arch Dermatol, 141, 691, 10.1001/archderm.141.6.691

Bernard, 1995, [Survival prognosis in pemphigoid. A cohort analysis of 78 patients], Ann Dermatol Venereol, 122, 751

Garcia-Doval, 2005, Sepsis associated with dermatologic hospitalization is not the cause of high mortality of bullous pemphigoid in Europe, J Invest Dermatol, 124, 666, 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23628.x

Korman, 2000, New and emerging therapies in the treatment of blistering diseases, Dermatol Clin, 18, 127, 10.1016/S0733-8635(05)70153-4

Laffitte, 2001, Fiche thérapeutique: prise en charge de la pemphigoïde bulleuse, Ann Dermatol Venerol, 128, 677

Joly, 2002, Bullous Diseases French Study Group: a comparison of oral and topical corticosteroids in patients with bullous pemphigoid, N Engl J Med, 346, 321, 10.1056/NEJMoa011592

Joly, 2009, A comparison of two regimens of topical corticosteroids in the treatment of patients with bullous pemphigoid: a multicenter randomized study, J Invest Dermatol, 129, 1681, 10.1038/jid.2008.412

Morel, 1984, Treatment of bullous pemphigoid with prednisolone only: 0.75 mg/kg/day versus 1.25 mg/kg/day. A multicenter randomized study, Ann Dermatol Venereol, 111, 925

Dreno, 1993, Methylprednisolone versus prednisolone methylsulfobenzoate in pemphigoid: a comparative multicenter study, Ann Dermatol Venereol, 120, 518

Burton, 1978, A controlled trial of azathioprine in the treatment of pemphigoid [proceedings], Br J Dermatol, 99, 14, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb15207.x

Guillaume, 1993, Controlled trial of azathioprine and plasma exchange in addition to prednisolone in the treatment of bullous pemphigoid, Arch Dermatol, 129, 49, 10.1001/archderm.1993.01680220061016

Beissert, 2007, A comparison of oral methylprednisolone plus azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of bullous pemphigoid, Arch Dermatol, 143, 1536, 10.1001/archderm.143.12.1536

Venning, 1989, Dapsone as first line therapy for bullous pemphigoid, Br J Dermatol, 120, 83, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb07769.x

Fivenson, 1994, Nicotinamide and tetracycline therapy of bullous pemphigoid, Arch Dermatol, 6, 753, 10.1001/archderm.1994.01690060083010

Reguiaï, 2009, Efficacy of rituximab in a case of refractory bullous pemphigoid, Ann Dermatol Venereol, 136, 431, 10.1016/j.annder.2008.10.038

Haase, 1998, Detection of IgG autoantibodies in the sera of patients with bullous and gestational pemphigoid: ELISA studies utilizing a baculovirus-encoded form of bullous pemphigoid antigen 2, J Invest Dermatol, 110, 282, 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00126.x

Schmidt, 2000, Serum levels of autoantibdies to BP180 correlate with disease activity in patients with bullous pemphigoid, Arch Dermatol, 136, 174, 10.1001/archderm.136.2.174

Borradori, 1999, Structure and function of hemidesmosomes: more than simple adhesion complexes, J Invest Dermatol, 112, 411, 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00546.x

Giudice, 1991, Identification of two collagen domains within the bullous pemphigoid autoantigen, BP180, J Clin Invest, 87, 734, 10.1172/JCI115054

Hopkinson, 1992, Cytoplasmic domain of the 180-kD bullous pemphigoid antigen, a hemidesmosomal component: molecular and cell biologic characterization, J Invest Dermatol, 99, 264, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12616615

Jonkman, 1995, 180-kD bullous pemphigoid antigen (BP180) is deficient in generalized atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa, J Clin Invest, 95, 1345, 10.1172/JCI117785

McGrath, 1995, Mutations in the 180-kD bullous pemphigoid antigen (BPAG2), a hemidesmosomal transmembrane collagen (COL17A1), in generalized atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa, Nature Genet, 11, 83, 10.1038/ng0995-83

Stanley, 1988, Isolation of complementary DNA for bullous pemphigoid antigen by use of patients' autoantibodies, J Clin Invest, 82, 1864, 10.1172/JCI113803

Sawamura, 1991, Human bullous pemphigoid antigen (BPAG1). Amino acid sequences deduced from cloned cDNAs predict biologically important peptide segments and protein domains, J Biol Chem, 266, 17784, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)55195-4

Green, 1992, Comparative structural analysis of desmoplakin, bullous pemphigoid antigen and plectin: members of a new gene family involved in organization of intermediate filaments, Int J Biol Macromol, 14, 145, 10.1016/S0141-8130(05)80004-2

Groves, 2010, A homozygous nonsense mutation within the dystonin gene coding for the coiled-coil domain of the epithelial isoform of BPAG1 underlies a new subtype of autosomal recessive epidermolysis bullosa simplex, J Invest Dermatol, 130, 1551, 10.1038/jid.2010.19

Diaz, 1990, Isolation of a human epidermal cDNA corresponding to the 180-kDa autoantigen recognized by bullous pemphigoid and herpes gestationis sera, J Clin Invest, 86, 1088, 10.1172/JCI114812

Giudice, 1993, Bullous pemphigoid and herpes gestationis autoantibodies recognize a common non-collagenous site on the BP180 ectodomain, J Immunol, 151, 5742, 10.4049/jimmunol.151.10.5742

Giudice, 1994, Development of an ELISA to detect anti-BP180 autoantibodies in bullous pemphigoid and herpes gestationis, J Invest Dermatol, 102, 878, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12382738

Perriard, 1999, IgG autoantibodies from bullous pemphigoid (BP) patients bind antigenic sites on both the extracellular and the intracellular domain of the BP antigen 180, J Invest Dermatol, 112, 141, 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00497.x

Nie, 1999, IgA antibodies of cicatricial pemphigoid sera specifically react with terminus of BP180, J Invest Dermatol, 112, 254, 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00501.x

Egan, 1999, Bullous pemphigoid sera that contain antibodies to BPAg2 also contain antibodies to LABD97 that recognize epitopes distal to the NC16A domain, J Invest Dermatol, 112, 148, 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00490.x

Schumann, 2000, The shed ectodomain of collagen XVII/BP180 is targeted by autoantibodies in different blistering skin diseases, Am J Pathol, 156, 685, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64772-4

Egan, 2001, IgG anti-LABD97 antibodies in bullous pemphigoid patients' sera react with the mid-portion of the BPAg2 ectodomain, J Invest Dermatol, 116, 348, 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2001.01246.x

Di Zenzo, 2004, Characterization of the anti-BP180 autoantibody reactivity profile and epitope mapping in bullous pemphigoid patients, J Invest Dermatol, 122, 103, 10.1046/j.0022-202X.2003.22126.x

Thoma-Uszynski, 2006, Auto-reactive T and B cells from bullous pemphigoid (BP) patients recognize similar antigenic regions of BP180 and BP230, J Immunol, 176, 2015, 10.4049/jimmunol.176.3.2015

Skaria, 2000, IgG autoantibodies from bullous pemphigoid patients recognize multiple antigenic reactive sites located predominantly within the B and C subdomain of the COOH-terminus of BP230, J Invest Dermatol, 114, 998, 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00893.x

Hamada, 2001, Bullous pemphigoid sera react specifically with various domains of BP230, most frequently with C-terminal domain, by immunoblot analyses using bacterial recombinant proteins covering the entire molecule, Exp Dermatol, 10, 256, 10.1034/j.1600-0625.2001.100405.x

Tanaka, 1991, Characterization of bullous pemphigoid antibodies by use of recombinant bullous pemphigoid antigen proteins, J Invest Dermatol, 97, 725, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12484223

Miller, 1993, IgG antibodies from patients with bullous pemphigoid bind to fusion proteins encoded by BPAg1 cDNA, J Invest Dermatol, 101, 779, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12371694

Ide, 1995, Detection of autoantibodies against the bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus antigens by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the bacterial recombinant proteins, Exp Dermatol, 5, 112, 10.1111/j.1600-0625.1995.tb00232.x

Gaucherand, 1995, Major antigenic epitopes of bullous pemphigoid 230 kDa antigen map within the C-terminal end of the protein. Evidence using a 55 kDa recombinant protein, Br J Dermatol, 132, 190, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb05012.x

Ghohestani, 1998, IgE antibodies in sera from patients with bullous pemphigoid are autoantibodies preferentially directed against the 230-kDa epidermal antigen (BP230), J Clin Immunol, 18, 202, 10.1023/A:1020531005776

Christophoridis, 2000, IgG, IgA and IgE antibodies against the ectodomain of BP180 in patients with bullous and cicatricial pemphigoid and linear IgA bullous dermatosis, Br J Dermatol, 143, 349, 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03661.x

Fairley, 2005, Mapping the binding sites of anti-BP180 immunoglobulin E autoantibodies in bullous pemphigoid, J Invest Dermatol, 125, 467, 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23853.x

Messingham, 2009, A novel ELISA reveals high frequencies of BP180-specific IgE production in bullous pemphigoid, J Immunol Methods, 346, 18, 10.1016/j.jim.2009.04.013

Dresow, 2009, IgE autoantibodies against the intracellular domain of BP180, Br J Dermatol, 160, 429, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08858.x

Büdinger, 1998, Identification and characterization of autoreactive T cell responses to bullous pemphigoid antigen 2 in patients and healthy controls, J Clin Invest, 102, 2082, 10.1172/JCI3335

Lin, 1999, Identification and characterization of epitopes recognized by T lymphocytes and autoantibodies from patients with herpes gestationis, J Immunol, 162, 4991, 10.4049/jimmunol.162.8.4991

Delgado, 1996, A common major histocompatibility complex class II allele HLA-DQB1*0301 is present in clinical variants of pemphigoid, Proc Natl Acad Sci, 93, 8569, 10.1073/pnas.93.16.8569

Romagnani, 1992, Human Th1 and Th2 subsets: regulation of differentiation and role in protection and immunopathology, Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol, 98, 279, 10.1159/000236199

Bernard, 1990, Immunoblot analysis of IgG subclass of circulating antibodies in bullous pemphigoid, Clin Immunol Immunopath, 54, 484, 10.1016/0090-1229(90)90060-4

D'Auria, 1999, Cytokines and bullous pemphigoid, Eur Cytokine Netw, 10, 123

Liu, 1993, A passive transfer model of the organ-specific autoimmune disease, bullous pemphigoid, using antibodies generated against the hemidesmosomal antigen, BP180, J Clin Invest, 92, 2480, 10.1172/JCI116856

Liu, 1995, The role of complement in experimental bullous pemphigoid, J Clin Invest, 95, 1539, 10.1172/JCI117826

Liu, 1997, A major role for neutrophils in experimental bullous pemphigoid, J Clin Invest, 100, 1256, 10.1172/JCI119639

Liu, 1998, Gelatinase B-deficient mice are resistant to experimental bullous pemphigoid, J Exp Med, 188, 475, 10.1084/jem.188.3.475

Liu, 2000, A critical role for neutrophil elastase in experimental bullous pemphigoid, J Clin Invest, 105, 113, 10.1172/JCI3693

Liu, 2000, The serpin alpha1-proteinase inhibitor is a critical substrate for gelatinase B/MMP-9 in vivo, Cell, 102, 647, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00087-8

Liu, 2005, Synergy between a plasminogen cascade and MMP-9 in autoimmune disease, J Clin Invest, 115, 879, 10.1172/JCI23977

Liu, 2008, Subepidermal blistering induced by human autoantibodies to BP180 requires innate immune players in a humanized bullous pemphigoid mouse model, J Autoimmun, 31, 331, 10.1016/j.jaut.2008.08.009

Yamamoto, 2002, Cloning of hamster type XVII collagen cDNA, and pathogenesis of anti-type XVII collagen antibody and complement in hamster bullous pemphigoid, J Invest Dermatol, 118, 485, 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01683.x

Nishie, 2007, Humanization of autoantigen, Nat Med, 13, 378, 10.1038/nm1496

Nishie, 2009, A novel humanized neonatal autoimmune blistering skin disease model induced by maternally transferred antibodies, J Immunol, 183, 4088, 10.4049/jimmunol.0800389

Gammon, 1984, Differences in complement-dependent chemotactic activity generated by bullous pemphigoid and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita immune complexes: demonstration by leukocytic attachment and organ culture methods, J Invest Dermatol, 83, 57, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12261694

Stahle-Bäckdahl, 1994, 92-kD gelatinase is produced by eosinophils at the site of blister formation in bullous pemphigoid and cleaves the extracellular domain of recombinant 180 kD in bullous pemphigoid autoantigen, J Clin Invest, 93, 2022, 10.1172/JCI117196

Verraes, 2001, Respective contribution of neutrophil elastase and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in the degradation of BP180 (type XVII collagen) in human bullous pemphigoid, J Invest Dermatol, 117, 1091, 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01521.x

Shimanovich, 2004, Granulocyte-derived elastase and gelatinase B are required for dermal-epidermal separation induced by autoantibodies from patients with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and bullous pemphigoid, J Pathol, 204, 519, 10.1002/path.1674

Nelson, 2006, Role of different pathways of the complement cascade in experimental bullous pemphigoid, J Clin Invest, 116, 2892, 10.1172/JCI17891

Chen, 2001, Mast cells play a key role in neutrophil recruitment in experimental bullous pemphigoid, J Clin Invest, 108, 1151, 10.1172/JCI11494

Chen, 2002, Macrophages, but not T and B lymphocytes, are critical for subepidermal blister formation in experimental bullous pemphigoid: macrophage-mediated neutrophilinfiltration depends on mast cell activation, J Immunol, 169, 3987, 10.4049/jimmunol.169.7.3987

Sitaru, 2002, Autoantibodies to bullous pemphigoid antigen 180 induce dermal-epidermal separation in cryosections of human skin, J Invest Dermatol, 118, 664, 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01720.x

Zhao, 2006, Role of FcRs in animal model of autoimmune bullous pemphigoid, J Immunol, 177, 3398, 10.4049/jimmunol.177.5.3398

Dimson, 2003, Identification of a potential effector function for IgE autoantibodies in the organ-specific autoimmune disease bullous pemphigoid, J Invest Dermatol, 120, 784, 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12146.x

Fairley, 2007, A pathogenic role for IgE in autoimmunity: bullous pemphigoid IgE reproduces the early phase of lesion development in human skin grafted to nu/nu mice, J Invest Dermatol, 127, 2605, 10.1038/sj.jid.5700958

Zone, 2007, IgE basement membrane zone antibodies induce eosinophil infiltration and histological blisters in engrafted human skin on SCID mice, J Invest Dermatol, 127, 1167, 10.1038/sj.jid.5700681

Hall, 1993, Rabbits immunized with a peptide encoded for by the 230-kd bullous pemphigoid antigen cDNA develop an enhanced inflammatory response to UVB irradiation: a potential animal model for bullous pemphigoid, J Invest Dermatol, 101, 9, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12358276

Kiss, 2005, Experimental bullous pemphigoid generated in mice with an antigenic epitope of the human hemidesmosomal protein BP230, J Autoimmun, 24, 1, 10.1016/j.jaut.2004.09.007

Di Zenzo, 2010, Sequential intramolecular epitope spreading of humoral responses to human BPAG2 in a transgenic model, J Invest Dermatol, 130, 1040, 10.1038/jid.2009.309

Olasz, 2007, Human bullous pemphigoid antigen 2 transgenic skin elicits specific IgG in wild-type mice, J Invest Dermatol, 127, 2807, 10.1038/sj.jid.5700970

Ujiie, 2010, A novel active mouse model for bullous pemphigoid targeting humanized pathogenic antigen, J Immunol, 184, 2166, 10.4049/jimmunol.0903101