Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Dự trữ các chất dinh dưỡng chính và các phương án giảm thiểu việc khai thác chất dinh dưỡng trong hệ sinh thái nông nghiệp nhiệt đới cận arid ở Tamil Nadu, Ấn Độ sử dụng mô hình NUTMON
Tóm tắt
Việc khai thác các chất dinh dưỡng từ đất là một vấn đề lớn ở các nước đang phát triển, gây ra sự suy thoái đất và đe dọa sản xuất thực phẩm lâu dài. Nghiên cứu hiện tại cố gắng áp dụng mô hình Theo dõi chất dinh dưỡng (NUTMON) để thực hiện ngân sách dinh dưỡng nhằm đánh giá các kho và dòng chảy của nitơ (N), photpho (P) và kali (K) trong đơn vị địa lý xác định dựa trên các đầu vào, tức là phân bón khoáng, phân hữu cơ, lắng đọng từ khí quyển và lắng, và các đầu ra, tức là sản lượng cây trồng thu hoạch, dư lượng, rửa trôi, khử nitrat và tổn thất do xói mòn. Khu vực nghiên cứu bao gồm các huyện Coimbatore và Erode, đây là những vùng nông nghiệp tiềm năng ở vùng sinh thái nông nghiệp phía tây của Tamil Nadu, Ấn Độ. Số dư dinh dưỡng được tính toán cho cả hai huyện ở quy mô huyện, sử dụng phương pháp NUTMON, có giá trị âm đối với nitơ (N −3.3 và −10.1 kg ha−1) và kali (K −58.6 và −9.8 kg ha−1) và giá trị dương cho photpho (P +14.5 và 20.5 kg ha−1). Kho dự trữ chất dinh dưỡng trong đất phải điều chỉnh số dư âm của N và K; sẽ có sự khai thác các chất dinh dưỡng từ trữ lượng đất. Một chiến lược đã được thực hiện để đưa ra khuyến nghị phân bón sử dụng Hệ thống hỗ trợ quyết định cho khuyến nghị phân bón tích hợp (DSSIFER) nhằm bù đắp việc khai thác tại các trang trại được chọn. Kết quả cho thấy rằng khi phân bón được khuyến nghị bởi DSSIFER được áp dụng cho cây trồng, số dư chất dinh dưỡng là dương. Công cụ NUTMON với DSSIFER sẽ phục vụ cho mục đích tăng cường độ phì nhiêu của đất, năng suất và tính bền vững. Các lựa chọn quản lý để giảm thiểu việc khai thác chất dinh dưỡng với một phương pháp hệ thống tích hợp cũng được thảo luận.
Từ khóa
#khai thác chất dinh dưỡng #mô hình NUTMON #Tamil Nadu #Ấn Độ #bền vững #độ phì nhiêu của đấtTài liệu tham khảo
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