Bromate ion formation: a critical review

Journal - American Water Works Association - Tập 87 Số 10 - Trang 58-70 - 1995
Mohamed Siddiqui, Gary Amy, Rip G. Rice

Tóm tắt

Bromate, which forms upon ozonation of water containing bromide ion, can be minimized before production by chemical or physical–hydrodynamic factors or after its formation by removal techniques.As utilities consider changing their primary disinfection practices from free chlorine to ozone in order to minimize the formation of chlorinated disinfection by‐products (DBPs), the potential for producing ozonation DBPs such as bromate ion must be addressed. Important research findings of bromate ion formation studies over the past five years, which have resulted in substantial understanding of ozone‐bromide ion interactions, are summarized. Areas of incomplete information are identified, and a complete list of references is provided.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1007/BF01047038

Luong T.V.;Peters C.J.; &Perry R.Influence of Bromide Ion Upon THM Formation During Water Chlorination.Water Industry 81 Intl. Water Conf. Brighton U.K. 1981.

Vogt C.Controlling THMs While Attaining Disinfection.Proc. 1980 AWWA Ann. Conf. Atlanta Ga..

10.1002/j.1551-8833.1989.tb03258.x

Amy G.et al.National Survey of Br−in Drinking Waters.Proc. 1993 AWWA Ann. Conf. San Antonio Texas..

Legube B.et al.Bromide Ion‐‐Bromate Ion Survey on Different European Water Utilities.Proc. Intl. IWSA Workshop Paris 1993.

Kruithof J.C.&Meijers R.T.Presence and Formation of Bromate Ion in Dutch Drinking Water Treatment.IWSA Workshop Paris 1993.

US Environmental Protection Agency, 1994, Monitoring Requirements for Public Drinking Water Supplies; Proposed Rule, Fed. Reg., 59, 6331

Mel H.C., 1953, The Heat and Free Energy of Formation of Bromate Ion, Jour. ACS, 75, 3827

Amy G.M.et al.Threshold Levels for Bromate Ion Formation in Drinking Water.IWSA Workshop Paris 1993.

Hautman D.P., 1993, Using Ion Chromatography to Analyze Inorganic Disinfection By‐Products, Jour. AWWA, 85, 88

Kuo C.et al.Analysis of Inorganic Disinfection By‐products in Ozonation Drinking Water By Ion Chromatography.Proc. 1990 AWWA WQTC San Diego Calif..

vander derJagt H.;Noij Th. H. M; &Ooms P.C.A.Analysis and Identification of Bromate Ion in Water by Ion Chromatography and Multiple Detection at the Low‐ppb Level.IWSA Workshop Paris 1993.

10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06263.x

Gordon G.;Bubnis B.; &Kuo C‐Y.A Flow Injection Non‐Ion Chromatographic Method for Measuring Low‐Level Bromate Ion in Ozone Treated Waters.Ozone: Sci. & Engrg.(Feb.1994).

Gramith J.T.et al.Demonstration‐Scale Evaluation of Bromate Formation and Control Strategies.Proc. 1993 AWWA Ann. Conf. San Antonio Texas..

10.1002/j.1551-8833.1993.tb05923.x

10.1002/j.1551-8833.1993.tb05922.x

Daniel P.A.;Zafer M.A.; &Meyerhofer P.F.Bromate Control: Water Quality Engineering and Operational Considerations.IWSA Workshop Paris 1993.

10.1021/j150616a018

10.1021/es00111a004

10.1016/0043-1354(81)90074-9

Yates R.S.&Stenstrom M.K.Bromate Production In Ozone Contactors.Proc. 1993 AWWA Ann. Conf. San Antonio Texas..

vonGunten U.;Hoigné J.; &Bruchet A.Bromate Formation During Ozonation of Bromide Ion‐‐Containing Waters.IWSA Workshop Paris 1993.

Siddiqui M., 1994, Empirical and Analytical Models for Ozone DBPs Prediction, Ozone: Sci. & Engrg., 16, 2

Buxton G., 1988, Jour. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data., 17, 677

Ozekin K.et al.Pathways for Bromate Formation in NOM‐Free Water.Proc. 1994 AWWA Ann. Conf. New York City N.Y..

Gordon G.The Chemical Aspects of Bromate Control in Ozonated Drinking Water Containing Bromide Ion.IWSA Workshop Paris 1993.

Crecelius E.A., 1977, The Production of Bromine and Bromate in Seawater by Ozonation, Ozonews, 5, 1

Siddiqui M.et al.The Role of Relating Pilot‐Scale Tracer Data With Bench‐scale Data for Bromate Prediction 11th Ozone World Congress San Francisco Calif. 1993.

10.1002/j.1551-8833.1993.tb05926.x

10.1021/es00029a029

Hoigné J., 1987, Rate Constants for OH Radical Scavenging by Humic Substances: Role in Ozonation and in a Few Photochemical Processes for the Elimination of Micropollutants

Legube B.et al.Influence of the Presence of NOM on Bromate Formation By Ozonation.IWSA Workshop Paris 1993.

10.1002/etc.5620070403

Krasner S.W.;Gramith J.T.; &Means E.G.Formation and Control of Brominated Ozone By‐Products.Proc. 1991 Ann. AWWA Conf. Philadelphia Pa..

Yamada H.By‐Products of Ozonation of Low Bromide Waters and Reduction of the By‐Products by Activated Carbon.11th Ozone World Congress San Francisco Calif. 1993.

Krasner S.W.et al.Impact of Water Quality and Operational Parameters on the Formation and Control of Bromate During Ozonation.IWSA Workshop Paris 1993.

Siddiqui M.;Amy G; &Ozekin K.Bromate Formation During Ozonation: Effect of NH3/Br Ratio.12th Ozone World Congress Lillee France 1995.

10.1016/0043-1354(84)90227-6

10.1021/ic50028a029

Siddiqui M.et al.Bromate Formation: Minimization Strategies. (Unpubl.).

Siddiqui M.et al.Modeling of Bromate in Ozone Contactors. (Unpubl.).

Siddiqui M.&Amy G.Removal of Bromate Using UV Irradiation.IOA Regional Conf. Zurich Switzerland 1994.

Siddiqui M.et al.Removal of Bromate After Ozonation By Electron Beam Irradiation.ACSE Natl. Conf.Denver Colo. 1994.

Westerhoff P.G.et al.Bromate Ion Formation in Laboratory Studies: Influence of Water Quality and Treatment Variables.Proc. 1993 AWWA Ann. Conf. San Antonio Texas..

Siddiqui M.&Amy G.Alternatives for Bromate Removal From Drinking Water.Proposal submitted to AWWARF Denver Colo. 1994.

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Journal - American Water Works Association

Tập 87 Số 10

58-70

Thông tin tác giả