Brassinosteroids Regulate Grain Filling in Rice

Plant Cell - Tập 20 Số 8 - Trang 2130-2145 - 2008
Chuanyin Wu1, Anthony Trieu1, Parthiban Radhakrishnan1, Shing F. Kwok1, Sam Harris1, Ke Zhang1, Jiulin Wang2, Jianmin Wan2, Huqu Zhai2, Suguru Takatsuto3, Shogo Matsumoto4, Shozo Fujioka4, Kenneth A. Feldmann1, Roger I. Pennell1
1Ceres Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320
2Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
3Department of Chemistry, Joetsu University of Education, Joetsu-shi, Niigata 943-8512, Japan
4Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan

Tóm tắt

Abstract

Genes controlling hormone levels have been used to increase grain yields in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rice (Oryza sativa). We created transgenic rice plants expressing maize (Zea mays), rice, or Arabidopsis thaliana genes encoding sterol C-22 hydroxylases that control brassinosteroid (BR) hormone levels using a promoter that is active in only the stems, leaves, and roots. The transgenic plants produced more tillers and more seed than wild-type plants. The seed were heavier as well, especially the seed at the bases of the spikes that fill the least. These phenotypic changes brought about 15 to 44% increases in grain yield per plant relative to wild-type plants in greenhouse and field trials. Expression of the Arabidopsis C-22 hydroxylase in the embryos or endosperms themselves had no apparent effect on seed weight. These results suggested that BRs stimulate the flow of assimilate from the source to the sink. Microarray and photosynthesis analysis of transgenic plants revealed evidence of enhanced CO2 assimilation, enlarged glucose pools in the flag leaves, and increased assimilation of glucose to starch in the seed. These results further suggested that BRs stimulate the flow of assimilate. Plants have not been bred directly for seed filling traits, suggesting that genes that control seed filling could be used to further increase grain yield in crop plants.

Từ khóa


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Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Plant Cell

Tập 20 Số 8

2130-2145

Thông tin tác giả