Botulinum toxin as a therapeutic agent

Pharmacology & Therapeutics - Tập 72 - Trang 13-24 - 1996
Joseph K.C. Tsui1
1Neurodegenerative Disorders Centre, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada

Tài liệu tham khảo

Bertrand, 1987, Observations and analysis of results in 131 cases of spasmodic torticollis after selective denervation, Appl. Neurophysiol., 50, 319 Bigalke, 1980, Blockade of tetanus and botulinum A toxin of postganglionic cholinergic nerve endings in the myenteric plexus, Naunyn Schmeidebergs Arch. Pharmacol., 31, 255, 10.1007/BF00499155 Biglan, 1989, Management of strabismus with botulinum toxin A, Ophthalmology, 96, 935, 10.1016/S0161-6420(89)32776-X Black, 1986, Interaction of 1251-labeled botulinum neurotoxins with nerve terminals. I. Ultrastructural autoradiographic localization and quantification of distinct membrane acceptors for type A and B on motor nerves, J. Cell Biol., 103, 521, 10.1083/jcb.103.2.521 Black, 1986, Interaction of 1251-labeled botulinum neurotoxins with nerve terminals. II. Autoradiographic evidence for its uptake into motor nerves by acceptormediated endocytosis, J. Cell Biol., 103, 535, 10.1083/jcb.103.2.535 Blasi, 1993, Botulinum neurotoxin-C1 blocks neurotransmitter release by means of cleaving HPC-1/syntaxin, EMBO J., 12, 4821, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb06171.x Blitzer, 1989, Botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of oromandibular dystonia, Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol., 98, 93, 10.1177/000348948909800202 Blitzer, 1992, Abductor laryngeal dystonia: a series treated with botulinum toxin, Laryngoscope, 102, 163, 10.1288/00005537-199202000-00011 Borodic, 1990, Botulinum A toxin for the treatment of spasmodic torticollis: dysphagia and regional toxin spread, Head Neck, 12, 392, 10.1002/hed.2880120504 Braun, 1973, Phenol nerve block in the treatment of acquired spastic hemiplegia in the upper limb, J. Bone Joint Surg., 55A, 580, 10.2106/00004623-197355030-00015 Brin, 1988, Localized injections of botulinum toxin for the treatment of focal dystonia and hemifacial spasm, Adv. Neurol, 50, 599 Brin, 1989, Adductor laryngeal dystonia (spastic dysphonia): treatment with local injections of botulinum toxin (Botox), Mov. Disord., 4, 287, 10.1002/mds.870040401 Carruthers, 1994, The use of botulinum toxin to treat glabellar frown lines and other facial wrinkles, Cosmet. Dermatol., 7, 11 Carruthers, 1985, Ophthalmologic use of botulinum A exotoxin, Can. J. Ophthalmol., 20, 135 Carruthers, 1992, Treatment of glabellar frown lines with C. botulinum-A exotoxin, J. Dermatol. Surg. Oncol., 18, 17, 10.1111/j.1524-4725.1992.tb03295.x Carruthers, 1991, Botulinum toxin in the treatment of eye disorders, B. C. Med. J., 33, 271 Carruthers, 1987, Botulinum toxin for benign essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and agerelated lower eyelid entropion, Can. J. Neurol. Sci., 14, 42, 10.1017/S0317167100026159 Coffield, 1994, The site and mechanism of action of botulinum neurotoxin, 3 Cohen, 1989, Treatment of focal dystonias of the hand with botulinum toxin injections, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 52, 355, 10.1136/jnnp.52.3.355 Comella, 1992, Botulinum toxin injection for spasmodic torticollis: increased magnitude of benefit with electromyographic assistance, Neurology, 42, 878, 10.1212/WNL.42.4.878 DasGupta, 1994, Structures of botulinum neurotoxin, its functional domains, and perspectives on the crystalline type A toxin, 15 Deuschl, 1991, Earclick in palatal tremor: its origin and treatment with botulinum toxin, Neurology, 41, 1677, 10.1212/WNL.41.10.1677 Dezfulian, 1984, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Clostridium botulinum type A and type B toxins in stool samples of infants with botulism, Clin. Microbiol., 20, 379, 10.1128/JCM.20.3.379-383.1984 Dubinsky, 1991, Electromyographic guidance of botulinum toxin treatment in cervical dystonia, Clin. Neuropharmacol., 14, 262, 10.1097/00002826-199106000-00011 Duchen, 1970, Changes in motor innervation and cholinesterase localization induced by botulinum toxin in skeletal muscle of mouse: differences between fast and slow muscles, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 33, 40, 10.1136/jnnp.33.1.40 Dunn, 1986, Botulinum toxin tor the treatment of dysthyroid ocular myopathy, Ophthalmology, 93, 470, 10.1016/S0161-6420(86)33713-8 Dykstra, 1990, Treatment of detrusorsphincter dyssynergia with botulinum A toxin: a double blind study, Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 71, 24 Dykstra, 1988, Effects of botulinum A toxin on detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in spinal cord injury patients, J. Urol., 139, 919, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)42717-0 Fahn, 1995, Medical treatment of dystonia, 317 Ford, 1990, Indirect laryngoscopic approach for injection of botulinum toxin in spasmodic dysphonia, Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg., 103, 752, 10.1177/019459989010300515 Gacek, 1987, Botulinum toxin for relief of spasmodic dysphonia, Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg., 113, 1240, 10.1001/archotol.1987.01860110106025 Gargland, 1993, Crystalline preparation of botulinum type A (Botox®): degradation impotency with storage, Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg., 108, 135, 10.1177/019459989310800205 Gautier, 1961, Enlargement of the inferior olivary nucleus in association with lesions of the central tegmental tract or dentate nucleus, Brain, 84, 341, 10.1093/brain/84.3.341 Gelb, 1989, Controlled trial of botulinum toxin injections in the treatment of spasmodic torticollis, Neurology, 39, 80, 10.1212/WNL.39.1.80 Gonnering, 1988, Negative antibody response to long-term treatment of facial spasm with botulinum toxin, Am. J. Ophthalmol., 105, 313, 10.1016/0002-9394(88)90016-5 Hallan, 1988, Treatment of anismus in intractable constipation with bofulinum A toxin, Lancet, ii, 714, 10.1016/S0140-6736(88)90188-2 Hatheway, 1984, Antitoxin levels in botulism patients treated with trivalent equine botulism antitoxin types A, B, and E, J. Infect. Dis., 150, 407, 10.1093/infdis/150.3.407 Helveston, 1988, Treatment of acquired nystagmus with botulinum A toxin, Am. J. Ophthalmol., 106, 584, 10.1016/0002-9394(88)90590-9 Hermanowicz, 1991, Treatment of oromandibular dystonia with botulinum toxin, Laryngoscope, 101, 1216, 10.1288/00005537-199111000-00010 Hoch, 1985, Channels formed by botulinum, tetanus, and diphtheria toxins in planar lipid bilayers: relevance to translocation of proteins across membranes, 82, 1692 Holds, 1990, Terminal nerve and motor end plate changes in human orbicularis muscle following botulinum A exotoxin injection, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 31, 178 Hughes, 1962, Influence of nerve-ending activity and of drugs on the rate of paralysis of rat diaphragm preparations by Cl. botulinum type A toxin, J. Physiol. (Lond.), 160, 221, 10.1113/jphysiol.1962.sp006843 Huttner, 1993, Snappy exocytoxins, Nature, 365, 104, 10.1038/365104a0 Jankovic, 1993, Botulinum toxin in the treatment of tics associated with Tourette's syndrome, Neurology, 43, A310 Jankovic, 1990, Botulinum toxin injections for cervical dystonia, Neurology, 40, 277, 10.1212/WNL.40.2.277 Jankovic, 1991, Botulinum treatment of tremors, Neurology, 41, 1185, 10.1212/WNL.41.8.1185 Jankovic, 1990, Botulinum toxin treatment of cranial-cervical dystonia, spasmodic dysphonia, other focal dystonias and hemifacial spasm, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 53, 633, 10.1136/jnnp.53.8.633 Koda, 1992, An evaluation of laryngeal muscle activation in patients with voice tremor, Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg., 107, 684, 10.1177/019459989210700510 Kolotkin, 1979, Electromyographic tension levels in stutterers and normal speakers, Percept. Mot. Skills, 49, 109, 10.2466/pms.1979.49.1.109 Koman, 1994, Botulinum toxin: potential role in the management of cerebral pals during childhood, 511 Lal, 1979, Pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of spasmodic torticollis: a review, Can. J. Neurol. Sci., 6, 427, 10.1017/S0317167100023830 Lew, 1992, Adductor laryngeal “breathing dystonia” in a case of X-linked dystonia-parkinson syndrome, Mov. Disord., 7, 301 Loeser, 1983, Hemifacial spasm: treatment by microsurgical facial decompression, Neurosurgery, 13, 141, 10.1227/00006123-198308000-00006 Lomneth, 1993, Calcium-dependent release of norepinephrine for permeabilized PC12 cells is inhibited by ~48 and ~112 kDa fragments of botulinum neurotoxin type E, Neuropharmacology, 32, 285, 10.1016/0028-3908(93)90113-H Ludlow, 1990, Treatment of speech and voice disorders with botulinum toxin, JAMA, 264, 2671, 10.1001/jama.264.20.2671 Ludlow, 1995, Treating the spasmodic dysphonias with botulinum toxin: a comparison of results with adductor and abductor spasmodic dysphonia and vocal tremor, 431 Ludlow, 1990, Spasmodic dysphonia: botulinum toxin injection after recurrent nerve surgery, Orololaryngol. Head Neck Surg., 102, 122, 10.1177/019459989010200205 Ludlow, 1991, Successful treatment of selected cases of abductor spasmodic dysphonia using botulinum toxin injections, Orolaryngol. Head Neck Surg., 104, 849, 10.1177/019459989110400614 Magoon, 1985, Botulinum toxin injection for vertical strabismus, Am. Orthopt. J., 35, 48, 10.1080/0065955X.1985.11981662 Mauriello, 1987, Use of botulinum toxin in the treatment of one hundred patients with facial dyskinesias, Ophthalmology, 94, 976, 10.1016/S0161-6420(87)33337-8 Meige, 1910, Les convulsions de la face: une forme clinique de convulsions faciales, bilaterale et mediane, Rev. Neurol. (Paris), 21, 438 Mellman, 1986, Acidification of the endocytotic and exocytotic pathways, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 55, 663, 10.1146/annurev.bi.55.070186.003311 Moyer, 1994, Botulinum toxin type B: experimental and clinical experience, 71 Narayan, 1991, Intrathecal baclofen for intractable axial dystonia, Neurology, 41, 1141, 10.1212/WNL.41.7.1141 Ozelius, 1989, Human gene for torsion dystonia on chromosome 9q32-35, Neuron, 2, 1427, 10.1016/0896-6273(89)90188-8 Pasricha, 1993, Treatment of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction with botulinum toxin injection—case report, Gastrointest. Endosc., 39, 319 Pasricha, 1993, Botulinum toxin for achalasia, Lancet, 341, 244, 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90109-T Penn, 1992, Intrathecal baclofen for spasticity of spinal origin: seven years of experience, J. Neurosurg., 77, 236, 10.3171/jns.1992.77.2.0236 Poewe, 1992, Treatment of spasmodic torticollis with local injections of botulinum toxin. One-year follow-up in 37 patients, J. Neurol., 239, 21, 10.1007/BF00839206 Preston, 1985, Anismus in chronic constipation, Dig. Dis. Sci., 30, 413, 10.1007/BF01318172 Ranawaya, 1991, Usefulness of a writing device in writer's cramp, Neurology, 41, 1136, 10.1212/WNL.41.7.1136 Rice, 1987, Pharmacotherapy of spasticity: some theoretical and practical considerations, Can. J. Neurol. Sci., 14, 510, 10.1017/S0317167100038014 Rivest, 1991, Writer's cramp: treatment with botulinum toxin injections, Mov. Disord., 6, 55, 10.1002/mds.870060110 Rontal, 1991, A method for the treatment of abductor spasmodic dysphonia with botulinum injections: a preliminary report, Laryngoscope, 101, 911 Rosenbaum, 1989, Vertical rectus muscle transposition and botulinum toxin (Oculinum) to medial rectus for abducens palsy, Arch. Ophthalmol., 107, 820, 10.1001/archopht.1989.01070010842025 Samson, 1984, The binding fragment from tetanus toxin antagonizes the neuromuscular blocking actions of botulinum toxin, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Then, 229, 182 Sanders, 1986, Botulinum toxin tor blepharospasm: single-fibre EMG studies, Neurology, 36, 545, 10.1212/WNL.36.4.545 Schapiro, 1980, An electromyographic analysis of the fluent and dysfluent utterances of several types of stutterers, Fluency Disord., 5, 203, 10.1016/0094-730X(80)90029-7 Schantz, 1990, Dose standardization of botulinum toxin, Lancet, 335, 421, 10.1016/0140-6736(90)90263-5 Schantz, 1978, Standardized assay for Clostridium botulinum toxins, J. Assoc. Anal. Chem., 61, 96 Schantz, 1981, Use of crystalline type A botulinum toxin in medical research, 143 Schiavo, 1992, Tetanus and botulinum-B neurotoxins block neurotransmitter release by proteolytic cleavage of synaptobrevin, Nature, 359, 832, 10.1038/359832a0 Schiavo, 1993, Identification of the nerve terminal targets of botulinum neurotoxin serotype-A, serotype-D, and serotype-E, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 23784, 10.1016/S0021-9258(20)80452-9 Schiavo, 1993, Botulinum neurotoxin serotype-F is a zinc endopeptidase specific for VAMP/synaptobrevin, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 11516, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50230-7 Schiavo, 1994, Tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins are zinc proteases specific for components of the neuroexocytosis apparatus, Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 710, 65, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb26614.x Scott, 1981, Botulinum toxin injection of eye muscles to correct strabismus, Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc., 79, 734 Scott, 1988, Systemic toxicity of botulinum toxin by intramuscular injection in the monkey, Mov. Disord., 3, 333, 10.1002/mds.870030409 Scott, 1973, Pharmacologic weakening of extraocular muscles, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 12, 924 Scott, 1985, Botulinum toxin injection as a treatment for blepharospasm, Arch. Ophthalmol., 103, 347, 10.1001/archopht.1985.01050030043017 Scott, 1990, Botulinum treatment of strabismus in children, Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc., 87, 174 Shimizu, 1994, Production and properties of type F toxin, 87 Simpson, 1986, Molecular pharmacology of botulinum toxin and tetanus toxin, Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 26, 427, 10.1146/annurev.pa.26.040186.002235 Snow, 1990, Treatment of spasticity with botulinum toxin: a double-blind study, Ann. Neurol., 28, 512, 10.1002/ana.410280407 Stell, 1988, Botulinum toxin in spasmodic torticollis, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 51, 920, 10.1136/jnnp.51.7.920 Tsui, 1995, Applications of botulinum toxin: cervical and limb dystonia, 415 Tsui, 1994, Clinical trials for spasticity, 523 Tsui, 1985, A pilot study on the use of botulinum toxin in spasmodic torticollis, Can. J. Neurol. Sci., 12, 314, 10.1017/S031716710003540X Tsui, 1986, Double-blind study of botulinum toxin in spasmodic torticollis, Lancet, ii, 245, 10.1016/S0140-6736(86)92070-2 Tsui, 1987, Local treatment of spasmodic torticollis with botulinum toxin, Can. J. Neurol. Sci., 14, 533, 10.1017/S0317167100038063 Tsui, 1988, Production of circulating antibodies to botulinum-A toxin in patients receiving repeated injections for dystonia, Ann. Neurol., 23, 181 Tsui, 1993, Botulinum toxin in the treatment of writer's cramp: a double-blind study, Neurology, 43, 183, 10.1212/WNL.43.1_Part_1.183 Tsui, 1995, Botulinum toxin type B in the treatment of cervical dystonia: a pilot study, Neurology, 45, 2109, 10.1212/WNL.45.11.2109 Wadsworth, 1990, Botulinum type F neurotoxin: large-scale purification and characterization of its binding to rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes, Biochem. J., 268, 123, 10.1042/bj2680123 Yamada, 1986, Effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics on the neuromuscular junction: Part I, Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. Toxicol., 24, 130 Young, 1981, Drug therapy: spasticity (first of two parts), N. Engl. J. Med., 304, 28 Young, 1981, Drug therapy: spasticity (second of two parts), N. Engl. J. Med., 304, 96 Zuber, 1993, Botulinum antibodies in dystonic patients treated with type A botulinum toxin: frequency and significance, Neurology, 43, 1715, 10.1212/WNL.43.9.1715