Bodenfeuchtemessung durch Radarsatelliten: Aktuelle Entwicklungen zur Erfassung auf lokaler Ebene
Tóm tắt
Die Bodenfeuchte spielt eine zentrale Rolle im hydrologischen Kreislauf auf verschiedensten Maßstabsskalen. Methoden der Satellitenfernerkundung, wie etwa die Aufnahme mit Mikrowellensensoren, erlauben eine flächendeckende Bestimmung der Bodenfeuchte rund um den Globus. Die gewonnenen Daten speisen hydrologische Modelle und Wettervorhersagen und liefern wichtige Information für den Katastrophenschutz bei Dürren und Hochwasser. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über Messmethoden und erläutert im Detail die Verfahren der Radarsatellitenfernerkundung. Danach werden aktuelle Forschungsfragen behandelt, wie sie von der Forschungsgruppe Fernerkundung an der Technischen Universität Wien behandelt werden. Im Zentrum steht das Skalenproblem, also der Widerspruch zwischen hoher räumlicher und zeitlicher Auflösung, und seine Lösung für Bodenfeuchtedaten mittels Methoden der Datenfusion. Aus dieser Forschung resultierende und andere ausgewählte derzeitig entwickelte Datenprodukte zur Bodenfeuchte und ihre Anwendungen sind im letzten Abschnitt beschrieben.
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