Board process attributes and company performance of family‐owned businesses in Turkey

VeyselKula1, EkremTatoglu2
1Associate Professor of Finance, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey.
2Associate Professor of International Strategic Management, Faculty of Business Administration, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Tóm tắt

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the relationship between board process attributes and company performance of family‐owned companies within an emerging country context.Design/methodology/approachA survey questionnaire was developed and conducted on a sample of privately‐held Turkish companies where a total of 386 usable questionnaires were returned. From the original data set a sub‐sample of 266 firms with majority family ownership was created. Based on the extant literature, a set of 18 directors' collective attributes and 15 directors' individual attributes were identified as potentially relevant for company performance. Relying on the perceptions of the respondents, multiple subjective measures of company performance were adopted.FindingsCompany performance is found to be positively related to the directors' collective and individual attributes which are associated with access to information, effectiveness of board, observance of fiduciary responsibility and performance evaluation.Practical implicationsThe essential implication of the study for establishing a desirable board climate is the necessity of having a keen focus on information. Sticking to fiduciary responsibility and application of performance evaluations are also indispensable attributes of high performance companies. These attitudes all combined seem to culminate in effective board process.Originality/valueWhile the subject of corporate governance is gaining an increasing attention from both academic and business circles, there is a dearth of research on board process attributes and their impact on company performance. This paper, therefore, aims to fill this lacuna by examining the relationship between board process attributes and company performance within a big emerging country context.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Ararat, M. and Ugur, M. (2003), “Corporate governance in Turkey: an overview and some policy recommendations”, Corporate Governance: International Journal of Business in Society, Vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 58‐75.

Clarke, T. (1998), “The contribution of non‐executive directors to the effectiveness of corporate governance”, Career Development International, Vol. 3 No. 3, pp. 118‐24.

Covin, J.G., Slevin, D.P. and Schulz, R.L. (1994), “Implementing strategic mission: effective strategic, structural and tactical choices”, Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 31 No. 4, pp. 481‐505.

Cronbach, L.J. (1970), Essentials of Psychological Testing, Harper & Row, New York, NY.

Cutting, B. and Kouzmin, A. (2000), “The emerging patterns of power in corporate governance”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 15 No. 5, pp. 477‐511.

Cutting, B. and Kouzmin, A. (2002), “Evaluating corporate board cultures and decision making”, Corporate Governance: International Journal of Business in Society, Vol. 2 No. 2, pp. 27‐45.

Daily, C.M. and Dalton, D.R. (1993), “Board of directors leadership and structure: control and performance implications”, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, Vol. 7 No. 3, pp. 65‐82.

Daily, C.M. and Schwenk, C. (1996), “Chief executive officers, top management teams, and boards of directors: congruent or countervailing forces?”, Journal of Management, Vol. 22 No. 2, pp. 185‐208.

Daily, C.M., McDougall, M.M., Covin, J.G. and Dalton, D.R. (2002), “Governance and strategic leadership in entrepreneurial firms”, Journal of Management, Vol. 28 No. 3, pp. 387‐412.

Dehaene, A., De Vuyst, V. and Ooghe, H. (2001), “Corporate performance and board structure in Belgian companies”, Long Range Planning, Vol. 34 No. 3, pp. 383‐98.

Demirag, M. and Mirza, H. (2000), “Factors affecting international joint venture success: an empirical analysis of foreign‐local partner relationships and performance in joint ventures in Turkey”, International Business Review, Vol. 9, pp. 1‐35.

Demirag, I. and Serter, M. (2003), “Ownership patterns and control in Turkish listed companies”, Corporate Governance: An International Review, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 40‐51.

Demirag, I.S. and Solomon, J.F. (2003), “Guest editorial: developments in international corporate governance and the impact of recent events”, Corporate Governance: An International Review, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 1‐7.

Dulewicz, V., MacMillan, K. and Herbert, P. (1995), “The development of standards of good practice for boards of directors”, Executive Development, Vol. 8 No. 6, pp. 13‐17.

Eisenberg, T., Sundgren, S. and Wells, M.T. (1998), “Larger board size and decreasing firm value in small firms”, Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 48, pp. 35‐54.

Elloumi, F. and Gueyie, J.P. (2001), “Financial distress and corporate governance: an empirical analysis”, Corporate Governance: International Journal of Business in Society, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 15‐23.

Golden, B.R. (1992), “SBU strategy and performance: the moderating effects of the corporate‐SBU relationship”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 13, pp. 145‐58.

Greenley, G.E. and Foxall, G.R. (1997), “Multiple stakeholder orientation in UK companies and the implications for company performance”, Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 34 No. 2, pp. 259‐84.

Gunduz, L. and Tatoglu, E. (2003), “A comparison of the financial characteristics of group affiliated and independent firms in Turkey”, European Business Review, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 48‐54.

Hossain, M., Prevost, A.K. and Rao, R.P. (2001), “Corporate governance in New Zealand: the effect of the 1993 Companies Act on the relation between board composition and firm performance”, Pacific‐Basin Finance Journal, Vol. 9, pp. 119‐45.

Johnson, J.L., Daily, C.M. and Ellstrand, A.E. (1996), “Board of directors: a review and research agenda”, Journal of Management, Vol. 22 No. 3, pp. 409‐38.

Kabasakal, H. and Bodur, M. (2002), “Arabic cluster: a bridge between East and West”, Journal of World Business, Vol. 37 No. 1, pp. 40‐54.

Klapper, L.F. and Love, I. (2002), Corporate Governance, Investor Protection, and Performance in Emerging Markets, working paper No. 2818, World Bank Policy Research, Washington, DC.

Korac‐Kakabadse, N., Kakabadse, A.K. and Kouzmin, A. (2001), “Board governance and company performance: any correlations?”, Corporate Governance: International Journal of Business in Society, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 24‐30.

Mak, Y.T. and Li, Y. (2001), “Determinants of corporate ownership and board structure: evidence from Singapore”, Journal of Corporate Finance, Vol. 7 No. 3, pp. 235‐56.

Morris, M.H., Williams, R.H. and Nel, D. (1996), “Factors influencing family business succession”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, Vol. 2 No. 3, pp. 68‐81.

Nunnally, J.C. and Bernstein, I.H. (1994), Psychometric Theory, 3rd ed., McGraw‐Hill, New York, NY.

Park, J.C. (1995), “Reengineering boards of directors”, Business Horizons, Vol. 38 No. 2, pp. 63‐9.

Pettigrew, A. (2002), “Crosstalk: Andrew Pettigrew on executives and strategy: an interview by Kenneth Starkey”, European Management Journal, Vol. 20 No. 1, pp. 20‐34.

Prevost, A.K., Rao, R.P. and Hossain, M. (2002), “Determinants of board composition in New Zealand: a simultaneous equations approach”, Journal of Empirical Finance, Vol. 9 No. 4, pp. 373‐97.

Shleifer, A. and Vishny, R.W. (1997), “A survey of corporate governance”, Journal of Finance, Vol. 52 No. 3, pp. 737‐83.

Sison, L.V. and Kleiner, B. (2001), “Differences between company officers and company executives”, Management Research News, Vol. 24 Nos 3/4, pp. 157‐61.

Tatoglu, E. and Dincer, O. (2002), “The strategic planning processes of Turkish firms”, paper presented at the 11th Annual World Business Congress, Antalya, Turkey.

Tatoglu, E. and Glaister, K.W. (1998), “Performance of international joint ventures in Turkey: perspectives of Western firms and Turkish firms”, International Business Review, Vol. 7 No. 6, pp. 635‐56.

Vafeas, N. (1999), “Board meeting frequency and firm performance”, Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 53 No. 1, pp. 113‐42.

Venkatraman, N. and Ramanujam, V. (1986), “The measurement of business performance in strategy research: a comparison of approaches”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 11 No. 4, pp. 801‐14.

Weidenbaum, M. (2002), “Responding to the challenges to corporate governance”, Executive Speeches, August/September, pp. 11‐18.

Weir, C. and Laing, D. (2001), “Governance structures, director independence and corporate performance in the UK”, European Business Review, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 86‐94.

Xie, B., Davidson, W.N. III and Dadalt, P.J. (2003), “Earnings management and corporate governance: the role of the board and audit committee”, Journal of Corporate Finance, Vol. 9 No. 3, pp. 295‐316.

Yurtoglu, B. (2003), “Corporate governance and implications for minority shareholders in Turkey”, Journal of Corporate Ownership and Control, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 72‐86.

Zandstra, G. (2002), “Enron, board governance and moral failings”, Corporate Governance: International Journal of Business in Society, Vol. 2 No. 2, pp. 16‐19.