Bioreduction of nitrate in groundwater using a pilot-scale hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor

Gros H, Schnoor G, Rutten P. Biological denitrification process with hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria for drinking water treatment. Water Supply, 1998, 6: 193–198

Lee K C, Rittmann B E. Applying a novel autohydrogenotrophic hollow-fiber membrane biofilm reactor for denitrification of drinking water. Water Research, 2002, 36(8): 2040–2052

Rittmann B E. The membrane biofilm reactor: the natural partnership of membranes and biofilm. Water Science and Technology, 2006, 53(3): 219–225

Chung J, Rittmann B E, Wright W F, Bowman R H. Simultaneous bio-reduction of nitrate, perchlorate, selenate, chromate, arsenate, and dibromochloropropane using a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor. Biodegradation, 2007, 18(2): 199–209

Nerenberg R, Rittmann B E, Najm I. Perchlorate reduction in a hydrogen-based membrane-biofilm reactor. Journal of American Water Works Association, 2002, 94(11): 103–114

Shin J H, Sang B I, Chung Y C, Choung Y K. A novel CSTR-type of hollow fiber membrane biofilm reactor for consecutive nitrification and denitrification. Desalination, 2008, 221(1–3): 526–533

Nerenberg R, Rittmann B E. Hydrogen-based, hollow-fiber membrane biofilm reactor for reduction of perchlorate and other oxidized contaminants. Water Science and Technology, 2004, 49(11–12): 223–230

Rittmann B E, Nerenberg R, Lee K C, Najm I, Gillogly T E, Lehman G E, Adam S S. The hydrogen-based hollow-fiber membrane biofilm reactor (HFMBfR) for reducing oxidized contaminants. Water Science & Technology: Water Supply, 2004, 4(1): 127–133

Adham S, Gillogly T, Lehman G, Rittmann B E, Nerenberg R. Membrane Biofilm Reactor Process for Nitrate and Perchlorate Removal. AwwaRF, Denver, Colorado, USA, 2004

Lee K C, Rittmann B E. Effects of pH and precipitation on autohydrogenotrophic denitrification using the hollow-fiber membrane-biofilm reactor. Water Research, 2003, 37(7): 1551–1556

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th ed. Washington DC: American Public Health Association/ American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation, 1988

Method 300.1 Determination of inorganic anions in drinking water by ion chromatography. Washington DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1993

Rittmann B E, McCarty P L. Environmental Biotechnology: Principles and Applications. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2001

Snoeyink V L, Jenkins D. Water Chemistry. New York: Wiley, Inc, 1980

Ziv-El M, Rittmann B E. Systematic evaluation of nitrate and perchlorate bioreduction kinetics in groundwater using a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor. Water Research, 2009, 43(1): 173–181