Bioprospecting of endophytes in medicinal plants of Thar Desert: An attractive resource for biopharmaceuticals

Biotechnology Reports - Tập 30 - Trang e00629 - 2021
Garima Yadav1, Mukesh Meena1
1Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur – 313001, Rajasthan, India

Tài liệu tham khảo

Sharma, 2009, The Thar of Rajasthan (India): ecology and conservation of a desert ecosystem, 1 Arora, 2010, Biodiversity, biology and conservation of medicinal plants of the Thar Desert, 3 Priyanka, 2018, Diversity and antimicrobial activity of plant associated bacteria from selected medicinal plants in Kutch, Dhinodhar hill, Gujarat, Nat. Acad. Sci. Lett., 41, 137, 10.1007/s40009-018-0633-2 Swapnil, 2021, Vital roles of carotenoids in plants and humans to deteriorate stress with its structure, biosynthesis, metabolic engineering and functional aspects, Curr. Plant Biol., 26, 100203, 10.1016/j.cpb.2021.100203 Sangamesh, 2018, Thermotolerance of fungal endophytes isolated from plants adapted to the Thar Desert, India, Symbiosis, 75, 135, 10.1007/s13199-017-0527-y Tanvir, 2017, Endophyte bioprospecting in South Asian medicinal plants: an attractive resource for biopharmaceuticals, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 101, 1831, 10.1007/s00253-017-8115-x Chandran, 2020, Plant tissue culture as a perpetual source for production of industrially important bioactive compounds, Biotechnol. Rep., 26 Kharwar, 2014, Diversity and biopotential of endophytic fungal flora isolated from eight medicinal plants of Uttar Pradesh, India, 23 Jain, 2015, Diverse endophytic microflora of medicinal plants, 341 Goutam, 2018, Endophytic Fungi: Carrier of Potential Antioxidants, 539 Kar, 2020, Evolution of arid landscape in India and likely impact of future climate change, Episodes J. Int. Geosci., 43, 511, 10.18814/epiiugs/2020/020033 Gehlot, 2020, A new record of gastroid fungus Broomeia congregata Berk. from Great Indian Thar Desert, India, Indian Phytopathol., 73, 111, 10.1007/s42360-019-00177-y Goyal, 2011, Review on medicinal plants used by local community of Jodhpur district of Thar desert, Int. J. Pharmacol., 7, 333, 10.3923/ijp.2011.333.339 Sonigra, 2021, Metabolic profile, bioactivities, and variations in the chemical constituents of essential oils of the Ferula genus (Apiaceae), Front. Pharmacol., 11, 608649, 10.3389/fphar.2020.608649 Gupta, 2020, A critical review on exploiting the pharmaceutical potential of plant endophytic fungi, Biotechnol. Adv., 39, 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107462 Manias, 2020, Isolation and characterization of endophytes: Biochemical and molecular approach, 1 Le Cocq, 2017, Exploitation of endophytes for sustainable agricultural intensification, Mol. Plant Pathol., 18, 469, 10.1111/mpp.12483 Schulthess, 1998, Distribution, abundances, and associations of the endophytic fungal community of Arizona fescue (Festuca arizonica), Mycologia, 90, 569, 10.1080/00275514.1998.12026945 Carroll, 1988, Fungal endophytes in stems and leaves: from latent pathogen to mutualistic symbiont, Ecology, 69, 2, 10.2307/1943154 Wilson, 1993, Fungal endophytes: out of sight but should not be out of mind, Oikos, 68, 379, 10.2307/3544856 Wilson, 1994, Infection studies of Discula quercina, an endophyte of Quercus garryana, Mycologia, 86, 635, 10.1080/00275514.1994.12026463 Tiwari, 2020, Horizontal gene transfer and endophytes: An implication for the acquisition of novel traits, Plants, 9, 305, 10.3390/plants9030305 Schardl, 1997, Coevolution by common descent of fungal symbionts (Epichloë spp.) and grass hosts, Mol. Biol. Evol., 14, 133, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025746 Wiewióra, 2015, Is the vertical transmission of Neotyphodium lolii in perennial ryegrass the only possible way to the spread of endophytes?, PLoS One, 10, e0117231, 10.1371/journal.pone.0117231 Sánchez Márquez, 2007, The endophytic mycobiota of the grass Dactylis glomerata, Fungal Diversity, 27, 171 Devarajan, 2006, Evidence for the role of phytophagous insects in dispersal of non-grass fungal endophytes, Fungal Divers., 23, 111 Tejesvi, 2018, Endophytic fungi, occurrence, and metabolites, 213 Petrini, 1991, Fungal endophytes of tree leaves, 179 Petrini, 1996, Ecological and physiological aspects of host specificity in endophytic fungi, 87 Viret, 1994, Colonization of beech leaves (Fagus sylvatica) by the endophyte Discula umbrinella (teleomorph: Apiognomonia errabunda), Mycol. Res., 98, 423, 10.1016/S0953-7562(09)81200-8 Ernst, 2003, Endophytic fungal mutualists: seed-borne Stagonospora spp. enhances reed biomass production in axenic microcosms, Mol. Plant Microbe Interact., 16, 580, 10.1094/MPMI.2003.16.7.580 Verma, 2019, Appraisal of diversity and functional attributes of thermotolerant wheat associated bacteria from the peninsular zone of India, Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 26, 1882, 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.01.042 Verma, 2019, Exploring endophytic communities of plants: methods for assessing diversity, effects on host development and potential biotechnological applications, 55 Frank, 2017, Transmission of bacterial endophytes, Microorganisms, 5, 70, 10.3390/microorganisms5040070 Verma, 2017, Beneficial plant-microbes interactions: biodiversity of microbes from diverse extreme environments and its impact for crop improvement, 543 Verma, 2017, Fungal endophytes representing diverse habitats and their role in plant protection, 135 Verma, 2017, Optimization of process parameters for production of antimicrobial metabolites by an endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. Cpr5 isolated from Calotropis procera root, Asian J. Pharmaceut. Clin. Res., 10, 225, 10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i4.16631 Strobel, 2002, Rainforest endophytes and bioactive products, Crit. Rev. Biotechnol., 22, 315, 10.1080/07388550290789531 Wang, 2006, Chaetopyranin, a benzaldehyde derivative, and other related metabolites from Chaetomium globosum, an endophytic fungus derived from the marine red alga Polysiphonia urceolata, J. Nat. Prod., 69, 1622, 10.1021/np060248n Lin, 2008, Polyketides from Penicillium sp. JP-1, an endophytic fungus associated with the mangrove plant Aegiceras corniculatum, Phytochemistry, 69, 1273, 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.10.030 Fisher, 1995, Fungal endophytes of Dryas octopetala from a high arctic polar semidesert and from the Swiss Alps, Mycologia, 87, 319, 10.1080/00275514.1995.12026536 Rosa, 2009, Endophytic fungi associated with the Antarctic grass Deschampsia antarctica Desv. (Poaceae), Polar Biol., 32, 161, 10.1007/s00300-008-0515-z Suryanarayanan, 2005, Endophytic fungi associated with cacti in Arizona, Mycol. Res., 109, 635, 10.1017/S0953756205002753 Redman, 2002, Thermotolerance generated by plant/fungal symbiosis, Science, 298, 10.1126/science.1072191 Bashyal, 2005, Globosumones A−C, cytotoxic orsellinic acid esters from the Sonoran desert endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum, J. Nat. Prod., 68, 724, 10.1021/np058014b Mohali, 2005, Diversity and host association of the tropical tree endophyte Lasiodiplodia theobromae revealed using simple sequence repeat markers, For. Pathol., 35, 385, 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2005.00418.x Selim, 2017, Endophytic fungi are multifunctional biosynthesizers: ecological role and chemical diversity, 39 Yadav, 2017, Extreme cold environments: a suitable niche for selection of novel psychrotrophic microbes for biotechnological applications, Adv. Biotechnol. Microbiol., 2, 1, 10.19080/AIBM.2017.02.555584 Kumar, 2014, In-vitro studies on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and aldose reductase inhibitors found in endophytic fungi isolated from Ocimum sanctum, Curr. Enzym. Inhib., 10, 129 Kumar, 2014, Evaluating the diversity of culturable thermotolerant bacteria from four hot springs of India, J. Biodivers. Biopros. Dev., 1, 1000127 Sahay, 2017, Hot springs of Indian Himalayas: potential sources of microbial diversity and thermostable hydrolytic enzymes, 3 Biotech, 7, 1, 10.1007/s13205-017-0762-1 Yadav, 2018, Microbiome in crops: diversity, distribution, and potential role in crop improvement, 305 Yadav, 2018, Biodiversity of the genus Penicillium in different habitats, 3 Arnold, 2007, Diversity and host range of foliar fungal endophytes: are tropical leaves biodiversity hotspots?, Ecology, 88, 541, 10.1890/05-1459 Suryanarayanan, 2003, Endophytic fungal communities in leaves of tropical forest trees: diversity and distribution patterns, Curr. Sci., 85, 489 Stone, 2004, Endophytic fungi, 241 Verma, 2014, Evaluating the diversity and phylogeny of plant growth promoting bacteria associated with wheat (Triticum aestivum) growing in central zone of India, Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., 3, 432 Verma, 2014, Impact of environmental variables on the isolation, diversity and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungal communities from Madhuca indica Gmel. at different locations in India, Ann. Microbiol, 64, 721, 10.1007/s13213-013-0707-9 Kurissery, 2019, A historic perspective of endophytes in vascular plants and their role in environmental sustainability, 14 Gupta, 2017, Foliar endophytic diversity of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban in relation to different seasons and leaf age, Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci., 6, 468, 10.20546/ijcmas.2017.606.054 Rana, 2019, Endophytic fungi: biodiversity, ecological significance, and potential industrial applications, 1 Schulz, 2005, The endophytic continuum, Mycol. Res., 109, 661, 10.1017/S095375620500273X Sieber, 2007, Endophytic fungi in forest trees: are they mutualists?, Fungal Biol. Rev, 21, 75, 10.1016/j.fbr.2007.05.004 Azad, 2016, A fungal endophyte strategy for mitigating the effect of salt and drought stress on plant growth, Symbiosis, 68, 73, 10.1007/s13199-015-0370-y Sharma, 2020, Therapeutic agents from endophytes harbored in Asian medicinal plants, Phytochem. Rev., 19, 691, 10.1007/s11101-020-09683-8 Barupal, 2019, Inhibitory effects of leaf extract of Lawsonia inermis on Curvularia lunata and characterization of novel inhibitory compounds by GC–MS analysis, Biotechnol. Rep., 23, e00335, 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00335 Saikkonen, 2015, Endophytic phyllosphere fungi and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, Curr. Sci., 109, 121 Chadha, 2015, An ecological role of fungal endophytes to ameliorate plants under biotic stress, Arch. Microbiol., 197, 869, 10.1007/s00203-015-1130-3 Wilkinson, 2001, Horizontally acquired mutualisms, an unsolved problem in ecology?, Oikos, 92, 377, 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.920222.x Chetia, 2019, Exploring the benefits of endophytic fungi via omics, 51 Finch, 2016, Mice find endophyte‐infected seed of tall fescue unpalatable–implications for the aviation industry, Grass Forage. Sci., 71, 659, 10.1111/gfs.12203 Heineck, 2018, A novel inoculation technique for integrating the endophyte Epichloe festucae into perennial ryegrass Lewis, 1924, An endotropic fungus in the coniferae, Nature, 114, 10.1038/114860b0 Belesky, 2009, Abiotic stresses and endophyte effects, 53, 49 Richardson, 1992, Sugar alcohols in endophyte‐infected tall fescue under drought, Crop Sci., 32, 1060, 10.2135/cropsci1992.0011183X003200040045x Eid, 2019, Role of endophytes in plant health and abiotic stress management, 119 Mohamed, 2017, Biodegradation of natural rubber latex of Calotropis procera by two endophytic fungal species, J. Bioremediat. Biodegrad., 8, 380, 10.4172/2155-6199.1000380 Sharma, 2012, Therapeutic potential of Calotropis procera: A giant milkweed, ISOR J. Pharm. Bio. Sci., 4, 42 Chowdhury, 2018, Molecular phylogeny and genetic diversity studies of some potent endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants (Calotropis procera and Catharanthus roseus) using 18S rRNA and RAPD analysis, Afr. J. Microbiol. Res., 12, 796, 10.5897/AJMR2018.8866 Barupal, 2020, A study on preventive effects of Lawsonia inermis L. bioformulations against leaf spot disease of maize, Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol., 23, 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101473 Barupal, 2020, Comparative analysis of bioformulations against Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn causing leaf spot disease of maize, Arch. Phytopathology Plant Protect., 53 (13-14, 1, 10.1080/03235408.2020.1827657 Barupal, 2020, Effect of different physical factors on Lawsonia inermis leaf extracts and their herbal formulations efficacy, Am. J. Agric. Sci., 7, 01 Selvanathan, 2011, Biodiversity of the endophytic fungi isolated from Calotropis gigantea (L.) R, Br. Recent Res. Sci. Technol., 3, 2011, Chowdhury, 2016, Studies on endophytic fungi of Calotropis procera (L.) R. Br. with a view to their antimicrobial and antioxidant actvities mediated by extracellular synthesised silver nanoparticles, IOSR J. Pharm. Biol. Sci. (IOSR-JPBS), 11, 113 Nascimento, 2015, Biodiversity of endophytic fungi in different leaf ages of Calotropis procera and their antimicrobial activity, Fungal Ecol., 14, 79, 10.1016/j.funeco.2014.10.004 Hemamalini, 2015, Isolation and characterization of taxol producing endophytic Phoma sp. from Calotropis gigantea and its anti-proliferative studies, J. Acad. Ind. Res., 3, 645 Meena, 2017, Isolation, characterization and toxicological potential of tenuazonic acid, alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether produced by Alternaria species phytopathogenic on plants, Sci. Rep., 7, 8777, 10.1038/s41598-017-09138-9 Meena, 2017, Beneficial microbes for disease suppression and plant growth promotion, 395 Meena, 2017, The rhizosphere microbial community and methods of its analysis, 275 Khan, 2003, Biodiversity conservation in the Thar Desert; with emphasis on endemic and medicinal plants, Environmentalist, 23, 137, 10.1023/A:1024835721316 El-Khawaga, 2013, Identification and bioactive potential of endophytic fungi isolated from Calotropis procera (Ait.) R, Br. Life Sci. J., 2, 2804 Gherbawy, 2014, Molecular characterization of fungal endophytes from Calotropis procera plants in Taif region (Saudi Arabia) and their antifungal activities, Plant Biosyst., 148, 1085, 10.1080/11263504.2013.819043 Pandey, 2018, Endophytes of Withania somnifera modulate in planta content and the site of withanolide biosynthesis, Sci. Rep., 8, 1, 10.1038/s41598-018-23716-5 Moharram, 2016, L-Asparaginase production by endophytic fungi isolated from Withania Somnifera in Egypt, SS Int. J. Multidiscip. Res., 2, 30 Salini, 2014, Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory potential of endophytic fungus Fusarium solani isolated from Withania somnifera, World J. Pharm. Res., 3, 879 Atri, 2020, Screening for endophytic fungi with antibacterial efficiency from Moringa oleifera and Withania somnifera, J. Sci. Res., 64, 127 Nayak, 2015, Enumeration of phylloplane and endophytic fungi from medicinal plant, Solanum nigrum by two different techniques, Int. J. Chem. Concept., 1, 103 Khan, 2015, Cr-resistant rhizo-and endophytic bacteria associated with Prosopis juliflora and their potential as phytoremediation enhancing agents in metal-degraded soils, Front. Plant Sci., 5, 755, 10.3389/fpls.2014.00755 El-Hawary, 2017, Secondary metabolites from fungal endophytes of Solanum nigrum, Nat. Prod. Res., 31, 2568, 10.1080/14786419.2017.1327859 Pelo, 2020, Diversity and antimicrobial activity of culturable fungal endophytes in Solanum mauritianum, Int. J. Environ. Res. Pub. Health, 17, 439, 10.3390/ijerph17020439 Ikram, 2019, Novel antimicrobial and antioxidative activity by endophytic Penicillium roqueforti and Trichoderma reesei isolated from Solanum surattense, Acta Physiol. Plant., 41, 164, 10.1007/s11738-019-2957-z Silva, 2020, Screening of plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria from the roots of the medicinal plant Aloe vera, South Afri. J. Bot., 134, 3, 10.1016/j.sajb.2019.09.019 Yagi, 2019, Epigenetic roles of microbiota and Aloe vera in health and disease, J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Res., 8, 2871, 10.17554/j.issn.2224-3992.2019.08.824 Al-Madboly, 2017, Dietary cancer prevention with butyrate fermented by Aloe vera gel endophytic microbiota, J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Res., 6, 2312, 10.17554/j.issn.2224-3992.2017.06.698 Chowdhary, 2020, Plant growth promotion and biocontrol potential of fungal endophytes in the inflorescence of Aloe vera L, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India Sec. B: Biol. Sci., 1 Gangurde, 2019, Production, purification and evaluation of different functional groups from endophytic Penicillium species derived bioactive compounds isolated from Aloe vera, Int. J. Chem. Stud., 3, 35 Akinsanya, 2015, Metagenomics study of endophytic bacteria in Aloe vera using next-generation technology, Genom. Data., 6, 159, 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.09.004 Akinsanya, 2015, Diversity, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of culturable bacterial endophyte communities in Aloe vera, FEMS Microbial. Lett., 362, 10.1093/femsle/fnv184 Prakash, 2014, Description of Micrococcus aloeverae sp. nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Aloe vera, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 64, 3427, 10.1099/ijs.0.063339-0 Atiphasaworn, 2017, Antibacterial and antioxidant constituents of extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora leaves, Curr. Microbiol., 74, 1185, 10.1007/s00284-017-1303-1 Taufiq, 2019, Antibacterial activity of an endophytic fungus Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae IBRL OS-64 residing in leaves of a medicinal herb, Ocimum sanctum Linn, J. Appl. Biol. Biotechnol., 7, 35, 10.7324/JABB.2019.70207 Shukla, 2012, Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of crude fractions of endophytic fungi of Ocimum sanctum Linn. in rats, Orient. Pharm. Exp. Med., 12, 81, 10.1007/s13596-012-0061-7 Liu, 2016, Mariniluteicoccus endophyticus sp. nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from root of Ocimum basilicum, Int. J. Syst. Evol., 66, 1306, 10.1099/ijsem.0.000880 Pola, 2018, In silico modelling and molecular dynamics simulation studies on L-Asparaginase isolated from bacterial endophyte of Ocimum tenuiflorum, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 117, 32, 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.06.005 Panigrahi, 2020, Characterization of endophytic bacteria Enterobacter cloacae MG00145 isolated from Ocimum sanctum with indole acetic acid (IAA) production and plant growth promoting capabilities against selected crops, S. Afr. J. Bot., 134, 17, 10.1016/j.sajb.2019.09.017 Sahu, 2020, Endophytic bacilli from medicinal-aromatic perennial Holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) modulate plant growth promotion and induced systemic resistance against Rhizoctonia solani in rice (Oryza sativa L.), Biol. Control, 150, 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104353 Khan, 2020, Antibiotic and antibiofilm activities of Salvadora persica L. essential oils against Streptococcus mutans: A detailed comparative study with chlorhexidine digluconate, Pathogens, 9, 66, 10.3390/pathogens9010066 Saket, 2019, Screening of bio-active components from endophytic fungi found in different parts of Salvadora oleoides in Madhya Pradesh, Int. J. Curr. Agric. Sci., 9, 381 Korejo, 2017, Evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal potential of endophytic fluorescent Pseudomonas associated with Salvadora persica and Salvadora oleoides decne, Pak. J. Bot., 49, 1995 Elgorban, 2019, Natural products of Alternaria sp., an endophytic fungus isolated from Salvadora persica from Saudi Arabia, Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 26, 1068, 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.04.010 Kuriakose, 2014, In vitro cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction in human cancer cells by culture extract of an endophytic Fusarium solani strain isolated from Datura metel L. Pharm, Anal. Acta., 5, 293 Alinejad, 2020, Variation in physiological traits, yield and secondary metabolites of jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.) under different irrigation regimes and nutrition systems, Ind. Crops Prod., 143, 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111916 Rania, 2016, Endophytic bacteria from Datura metel for plant growth promotion and bioprotection against Fusarium wilt in tomato, Biocont. Sci. Technol., 26, 1139, 10.1080/09583157.2016.1188264 Maehara, 2020, High ophiobolin A production in endophytic fungus Bipolaris sp. associated with Datura metel, Nat. Prod. Res., 34, 2990, 10.1080/14786419.2019.1597352 Ben Abdallah, 2016, Endophytic bacteria from Datura stramonium for Fusarium wilt suppression and tomato growth promotion, J. Microb. Biochem. Technol., 8, 30 Tapfuma, 2019, Cytotoxic activity of crude extracts from Datura stramonium’s fungal endophytes against A549 lung carcinoma and UMG87 glioblastoma cell lines and LC-QTOF-MS/MS based metabolite profiling, BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 19, 1, 10.1186/s12906-019-2752-9 Chandankere, 2020, Pleiotropic functions and biological potentials of silver nanoparticles synthesized by an endophytic fungus, Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 8, 95, 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00095 Al-Arjani, 2020, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi modulates dynamics tolerance expression to mitigate drought stress in Ephedra foliata Boiss, Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 27, 380, 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.10.008 Ghiasvand, 2019, Exploring the bioactive compounds from endophytic bacteria of a medicinal plant: Ephedra foliata (Ephedrales: Ephedraceae), Orient. Pharm. Exp. Med., 1 Ma, 2020, Evaluation of phytochemical and medicinal properties of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) as a potential functional food, South Afr. J. Bot., 129, 40, 10.1016/j.sajb.2018.12.002 Abonyi, 2018, Biologically active phenolic acids produced by Aspergillus sp., an endophyte of Moringa oleifera, Eur. J. Biol. Res., 8, 157 Kaur, 2020, Prospecting the antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of Chaetomium globosum an endophytic fungus from Moringa oleifera, AMB Express, 10, 1, 10.1186/s13568-020-01143-y Mwanga, 2019, Antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi secondary metabolites from Moringa oleifera (Lam), Tanzania J. Sci., 45, 463 Aldinary, 2021, Biocontrol of tomato Fusarium wilt disease by a new Moringa endophytic Aspergillus isolates, Materials Today: Proceedings Katewa, 2004, Folk herbal medicines from tribal area of Rajasthan, India. J. Ethnopharmacol., 92, 41, 10.1016/j.jep.2004.01.011 Jain, 2008, Some therapeutic uses of biodiversity among the tribals of Rajasthan, Indian J. Tradit. Knowl., 7, 256 Chen, 2012, Diversity of endophytic bacterial populations associated with Cd-hyperaccumulator plant Solanum nigrum L. grown in mine tailings, Appl. Soil Ecol., 62, 24, 10.1016/j.apsoil.2012.07.005 El‐Hawary, 2016, Solamargine production by a fungal endophyte of Solanum nigrum, J. Appl. Microbiol., 120, 900, 10.1111/jam.13077 Rollando, 2017, Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of endhopitic fungi Chaetomium sp. isolated from Phyllanthus niruri Linn: in vitro and in silico studies, J. Pure Appl. Chem. Res., 6, 64, 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2017.006.01.317 Bhatia, 2019, Endophytes from Phyllanthus niruri: Selection, characterization and metabolite production, J. Mater. Sci. Surf. Eng., 6, 888 Hannana, 2020, Bioactive potential of endophytic fungi isolated from Phyllanthus niruri L, Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res., 55, 311, 10.3329/bjsir.v55i4.50964 Vyas, 2019, Diversity of endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant Mucuna pruriens, Int. J. Basic Appl. Res., 9, 1119 Jain, 2005, Medicinal plant diversity of Sitamata wildlife sanctuary, Rajasthan, India. J. Ethnopharmacol., 102, 143, 10.1016/j.jep.2005.05.047 Meena, 2010, Folk herbal medicines used by the Meena community in Rajasthan, Asian J. Tradit. Med., 5, 19 Barman, 2016, Assessment of antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Justicia adhatoda L, UGB J. Plant Biol. Biotech., 1, 19 Prabavathy, 2020, Cytotoxic activity of L-asparaginase isolated from endophytic Aspergillus nomius of Justicia adhatoda on A549 cell lines, Int. J. Green Pharm. (IJGP), 14, 195 Fatima, 2016, Biological evaluation of endophytic fungus Chaetomium sp. NF15 of Justicia adhatoda L.: A potential candidate for drug discovery, Jundishapur J. Microbiol, 9, e29978 Singh, 2010, Investigation on ethnomedicinal plants of district Firozabad, J Adv. Lab. Res. Biol., 1, 64 Nayak, 2019, Antibacterial effect of endophytic bacteria isolated from tulsi leaf against Escherichia coli by Nasal Swab Culture, Int. J. Health Sci. Res., 9, 218 Tanvir, 2019, Endophytic actinomycetes in the biosynthesis of bioactive metabolites: chemical diversity and the role of medicinal plants, Vol. 60, 399 Sandhu, 2014, Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from Ricinus communis Linn. and their antibacterial activity, Int. J. Res. Pharm. Chem, 4, 611 Annapurna, 2016, Potential of Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) for phytoremediation of metalliferous waste assisted by plant growth-promoting bacteria: possible cogeneration of economic products, 149 Katewa, 2006, Additions to the traditional folk herbal medicines from Shekhawati region of Rajasthan, Indian J. Tradit. Knowl., 5, 494 Rani, 2017, Antibacterial activity of twenty different endophytic fungi isolated from Calotropis procera and time kill assay, Clin. Microbiol., 6, 280, 10.4172/2327-5073.1000280 Nagda, 2017, Isolation and characterization of endophytic fungi from Calotropis procera for their antioxidant activity, Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res., 10, 254, 10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i3.16125 Nath, 2017, Anti-candidal effect of endophytic fungi isolated from Calotropis gigantean, Revista de Biología Trop., 65, 1437, 10.15517/rbt.v65i4.26269 Sheeba, 2020, In-vitro anti-cancer activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Ziziphus mauritiana in cervical cancer cell line, Eur. J. Med. Plants, 34, 38, 10.9734/ejmp/2020/v31i430230 Mishra, 2018, Bacterial endophytes modulates the withanolide biosynthetic pathway and physiological performance in Withania somnifera under biotic stress, Microbiol. Res., 212, 17, 10.1016/j.micres.2018.04.006 Kaur, 2020, Assessment of alpha glucosidase inhibitors produced from endophytic fungus Alternaria destruens as antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents, Mol. Biol. Rep., 47, 423, 10.1007/s11033-019-05145-3 Srivastava, 2015, Antimicrobial potential of fungal endophytes isolated from leaves of Prosopis juliflora (SW.) DC. an important weed, Int. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. Sci., 7, 128 Meena, 2011, Some ethnomedicinal plants used by the Garasia tribe of district Sirohi, Rajasthan. Indian J. Tradit. Knowl., 10, 354 Syed, 2015, Actinomycetic symbionts inhabiting Euphorbia hirta L. with antimicrobial potentials, J. Biologic. Act. Products Nat., 5, 419, 10.1080/22311866.2015.1137489 Anitha, 2017, Antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentials of novel endophytic fungus Achaetomium sp., from Euphorbia hirta, Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med., 10, 588, 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.06.008 Ameen, 2021, Isolation, identification and bioactivity analysis of an endophytic fungus isolated from Aloe vera collected from Asir desert, Saudi Arabia, Bioproc. Biosyst. Eng., 44, 1063, 10.1007/s00449-020-02507-1 Sharma, 2011, Ethnobotanical studies on medicinal plants of Rajasthan (India): A review, J. Med. Plant Res., 5, 1107 Singh, 2016, Antidiabetic potential of a peptide isolated from an endophytic Aspergillus awamori, J. Appl. Microbiol., 120, 301, 10.1111/jam.12998 Aly, 2010, Protein kinase inhibitors and other cytotoxic metabolites from the fungal endophyte Stemphylium botryosum isolated from Chenopodium album, Mycosphere, 1, 153 Sharma, 2010, Weeds of Rajasthan and their ethno-botanical importance, Stud. EthnoMed., 4, 75, 10.1080/09735070.2010.11886363 Katoch, 2014, Cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi isolated from Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell (Scrophulariaceae), BMC Complement. Alternat. Med., 14, 1, 10.1186/1472-6882-14-52 Jasim, 2017, Bacopaside N1 biosynthetic potential of endophytic Aspergillus sp. BmF 16 isolated from Bacopa monnieri, 3 Biotech, 7, 210, 10.1007/s13205-017-0788-4 Sahani, 2019, Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi Curvularia aeria MTCC 12847 isolated from Tribulus terrestris L. leaf, Appl. Indust. Microbiol, 2019 Rana, 2020, Endophytic fungi from medicinal plants: biodiversity and biotechnological applications, 273 Kharwar, 2020, ). Harnessing the phytotherapeutic treasure troves of the ancient medicinal plant Azadirachta indica (Neem) and associated endophytic microorganisms, Planta Med., 86, 906, 10.1055/a-1107-9370 Lotlikar, 2020, Bactericidal activity of endophytic bacteria isolated from Acanthus ilicifolius: a mangrove plant of Divar Island, Goa, against human pathogenic bacteria, 293 Meena, 2019, Alternaria host-specific (HSTs) toxins: An overview of chemical characterization, target sites, regulation and their toxic effects, Toxicol. Rep., 6, 745, 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.06.021 Chandrakar, 2019, Actinomycin-producing endophytic Streptomyces parvulus associated with root of Aloe vera and optimization of conditions for antibiotic production, Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins, 11, 1055, 10.1007/s12602-018-9451-6 Taufiq, 2018, Fungal endophytes isolated from the leaves of a medicinal plant, Ocimum sanctum Linn and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities, Afr. J. Microbiol. Res., 12, 616, 10.5897/AJMR2018.8812 Meena, 2015, Mannitol metabolism during pathogenic fungal‒host interactions under stressed conditions, Front. Microbiol., 6, 1019, 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01019 Sindhuja, 2019, In vitro antibacterial and cytotoxicity evaluation of Aloe Vera associated endophytic fungi, Int. J. Pharm. Biol. Sci., 9, 750 Madagundi, 2013, Free radical scavenging and in vitro immunomodulatory activities of endophytic fungi of Ocimum sanctum Linn, Farmacia, 61, 330 Kaur, 2020, Antibiofilm, antiproliferative, antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of an endophytic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus from Moringa oleifera, Mol. Biol. Rep., 47, 2901, 10.1007/s11033-020-05394-7 Meena, 2019, Regulation of L-proline biosynthesis, signal transduction, transport, accumulation and its vital role in plants during variable environmental conditions, Heliyon, 5, e02951, 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02952 Singh, 2020, Isolation and characterization of a new endophytic actinobacterium Streptomyces californicus strain ADR1 as a promising source of anti-bacterial, anti-biofilm and antioxidant metabolites, Microorganisms, 8, 929, 10.3390/microorganisms8060929 Abdallah, 2018, Endophytic bacteria from Solanum nigrum with plant growth-promoting and Fusarium wilt-suppressive abilities in tomato, Tunis. J. Plant Prot., 13, 157 Ezzat, 2020, In-depth hepatoprotective mechanistic study of Phyllanthus niruri: In vitro and in vivo studies and its chemical characterization, PLoS One, 15, e0226185, 10.1371/journal.pone.0226185 Hossain, 2020, Determination of antioxidant activity and total tannin from drumstick (Moringa oleifera lam.) leaves using different solvent extraction methods, Turkish J. Agri. Food Sci. Technol., 8, 2749, 10.24925/turjaf.v8i12.2749-2755.4038 Salah Maamoun, 2021, Biochemical properties of tyrosinase from Aspergillus terreus and Penicillium copticola; undecanoic acid from Aspergillus flavus, an endophyte of Moringa oleifera, is a novel potent tyrosinase inhibitor, Molecules, 26, 1309, 10.3390/molecules26051309 Supaphon, 2013, Antimicrobial potential of endophytic fungi derived from three sea grass species: Cymodocea serrulata, Halophila ovalis and Thalassia hemprichii, PLoS One, 8, e72520, 10.1371/journal.pone.0072520 Alikhan, 2005, 133 Raghubir, 1999, Healing potential of Calotropis procera on dermal wounds in guinea pigs, J. Ethnopharmacol., 68, 261, 10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00118-X Yan, 2019, Daily expression of two circadian clock genes in compound eyes of Helicoverpa armigera: Evidence for peripheral tissue circadian timing, Insect Sci., 26, 217, 10.1111/1744-7917.12541 Aharwal, 2014, Isolation and antibacterial property of endophytic fungi isolated from Indian medicinal plant Calotropis procera (linn.) r. br, World J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 3, 678 Arora, 2019, Antimicrobial potential of fungal endophytes from Moringa oleifera, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 187, 628, 10.1007/s12010-018-2770-y Chen, 2010, Application of plant growth-promoting endophytes (PGPE) isolated from Solanum nigrum L. for phytoextraction of Cd-polluted soils, Appl. Soil. Ecol., 46, 383, 10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.10.003 Golinska, 2015, Endophytic actinobacteria of medicinal plants: Diversity and bioactivity, Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 108, 267, 10.1007/s10482-015-0502-7 El-Hawary, 2017, Secondary metabolites from fungal endophytes of Solanum nigrum, Nat. Prod. Res., 31, 2568, 10.1080/14786419.2017.1327859 Khan, 2010, Phyllanthin biosynthesis in Phyllanthus amarus: Schum and Thonn growing at different altitudes, J. Med. Plants Res., 4, 41 Passari, 2017, Insights into the functionality of endophytic actinobacteria with a focus on their biosynthetic potential and secondary metabolites production, Sci. Rep., 7, 11809, 10.1038/s41598-017-12235-4 Terhonen, 2019, Forest tree microbiomes and associated fungal endophytes: Functional roles and impact on forest health, Forests, 10, 42, 10.3390/f10010042 Rodriguez, 2009, Fungal endophytes: Diversity and functional roles, New Phytol., 182, 314, 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02773.x Sanglier, 1993, Novel bioactive compounds from actinomycetes: A short review (1988–1992), Res. Microbiol., 144, 633, 10.1016/0923-2508(93)90066-B Singh, 2015, Endophytic actinomycetes as emerging source for therapeutic compounds, Indo. Global J. Pharm Sci., 5, 106, 10.35652/IGJPS.2015.11 Singh, 2017, Diversity of endophytic mycobiota of tropical tree Tectona grandis Linn. f.: Spatiotemporal and tissue type effects, Sci. Res., 7, 1 Upadhyay, 2010, Ethnomedicinal and ethnopharmaco-statistical studies of Eastern Rajasthan, India, J. Ethnopharmacol., 129, 64, 10.1016/j.jep.2010.02.026 Yu, 2019, Interactions between endophytes and plants: Beneficial effect of endophytes to ameliorate biotic and abiotic stresses in plants, J. Plant Biol., 62, 1, 10.1007/s12374-018-0274-5 Yuan, 2010, A new species of Harpophora (Magnaporthaceae) recovered from healthy wild rice (Oryza granulata) roots, representing a novel member of a beneficial dark septate endophyte, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 307, 94, 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.01963.x Yuniati, 2018, Isolation of antibacterial compounds from endophyte fungal of Fusarium sp. in Phyllanthus niruri Linn. leaves, J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 10, 260 Petrini, 1992, Fungal endophytes of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum), with some reflections on their use in biological control, Sydowia, 44, 282 Zabalgogeazcoa, 2008, Fungal endophytes and their interaction with plant pathogens, Span. J. Agric. Res., 6, 138, 10.5424/sjar/200806S1-382 Tadych, 2007, Evaluation of the potential role of water in spread of conidia of the Neotyphodium endophyte of Poa ampla, Mycol. Res., 111, 466, 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.02.002