Biomechanical analysis of railway workers during loaded walking and keyman hammering
Tóm tắt
The work of railway gangmen is physically demanding and challenging one. They have to undergo a routine walk of 8–12 km carrying a bag with all the tools which weighs 18 kg to inspect the track for the maintenance. Chances of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) are high among the railway workers. The body part at which they feel more pain during their works can be founded out from the biomechanical analysis. Biomechanical analysis of the gangmen during the loaded walking and key man hammering has been carried out using OpenSim software and pointed out the most affected body part at which they feel more pain and WMSD. Further field survey was conducted among the railway gangmen of Palakkad Junction railway station, Kerala, India and further WMSD pain was modelled using binary logistic regression with age, weight, path covered during work and experience as explanatory variables. Peak value of flexion moment at hip, extension moment at lumbar, and bending moment at lumbar has the larger value of 232.41, 231.47, and 124.94 Nm, respectively, which points the reason for the back pain during the loaded walking. Similarly, peak value of elevation moment at shoulder and rotation moment at shoulder are 107.5 and 15.23 Nm, respectively, also indicated that shoulder as the most affected part of the keyman leading to WMSD. From the statistical analysis of the survey, it can be observed that age 1.21 (1.03–1.48); 1.30 (1.07–1.67) and weight 1.25 (1.10–1.66); 1.30 (1.07–1.68) are significant at p < .05 in influencing WMSD pain in leg and shoulders of railway workers. Highest moments are acting on the hip, lumbar joints, and pelvis while loaded walking whereas on the shoulder during keyman hammering. The age and weight of the gangmen significantly influences pain experiences on leg and shoulder. This method can be used for the early detection of risk involved in the occupational biomechanics of railway gangmen which may lead to WMSD.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bagheri F, Rostami M, Shojaei S. Gait & posture effect of wearing high-heel shoes on bi-articular muscle forces during gait : musculoskeletal modeling by OpenSim. Gait Posture. 2020;81:22–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.07.034.
Balendra N, Langenderfer JE. Effect of hammer mass on upper extremity joint moments. Appl Ergon. 2017;60:231–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2016.12.001.
Blazklewicz M, Lyson B, Chmielewski A, Kwacz M, Wychowanski M, Wit A. Comparison of three motion analysis programs based on the shot put performance. 34 International Conference of Biomechanics in Sports. Tsukuba, Japan; 2016, p. 518–21. https://ojs.ub.uni-konstanz.de/cpa/article/view/7112.
Brand RA, Crowninshield RD, Wittstock CE, Pedersen DR, Clark CR, Van Krieken FM. A model of lower extremity muscular anatomy. J Biomech Eng. 1982;104:304–10. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3138363.
Chaffin DB. Occupational biomechanics — a basis for workplace design to prevent musculoskeletal injuries. Ergonomics. 2010;30:321–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140138708969714.
Chang J, Chablat D, Bennis F, Ma L. A full-chain OpenSim model and its application on posture analysis of an overhead drilling task. Digit Hum Model Appl Heal Saf Ergon Risk Manag Hum Body Motion HCII 2019 Lect Notes Comput Sci. 2019;11581:33–44.
Chen J, Mu X, Du F. Biomechanics analysis of human lower limb during walking for exoskeleton design. J Vibroengineering. 2017;19:5527–39. https://doi.org/10.21595/jve.2017.18459.
Delp SL, Loan JP, Hoy MG, Zajac FE, Topp EL, Rosen JM. An interactive graphics-based model of the lower extremity to study orthopaedic surgical procedures. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1990;37:757–67. https://doi.org/10.1109/10.102791.
Dembia CL, Silder A, Uchida TK, Hicks JL, Delp SL. Simulating ideal assistive devices to reduce the metabolic cost of walking with heavy loads. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0180320. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180320.
Do TV. Upper-limb movement analysis – a comparison between two OpenSim models. Meas Control Autom. 2021;1:1–5.
Falisse A, Van Rossom S, Gijsbers J, Steenbrink F, van Basten BJH, Jonkers I, van den Bogert AJ, De Groote F. OpenSim versus human body model : a comparison study for the lower limbs during gait. J Appl Biomech. 2018;11:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.2017-0156.
Garg A, Kapellusch JM. Applications of biomechanics for prevention of work- related musculoskeletal disorders. Ergonomics. 2009;52:36–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130802480794.
Gordon CC, Churchill T, Clauser CE, Bradtmiller B, McConville JT, Tebbetts I, Walker RA. Anthropometric survey of U.S. Army personnel: Summary statistics interim report (ANSUR I). Illinois; 1989. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA209600.pdf.
Hamner SR, Seth A, Delp SL. Muscle contributions to propulsion and support during running. J Biomech. 2010;43:2709–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.06.025.
Hicks JL, Uchida TK, Seth A, Rajagopal A, Delp SL. Is my model good enough? Best practices for verification and validation of musculoskeletal models and simulations of movement. J Biomech Eng. 2015;137(2):20905. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4029304.
Humphrey Q, Srinivasan M, Mubarrat ST, Chowdhury SK. Development of a full-body OpenSim musculoskeletal model incorporating head-mounted virtual reality headset. Proc Hum Factors Ergon Soc Annu Meet. 2021;65:477–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/1071181321651270.
Knapik J, Harman E, Reynolds K. Load carriage using packs: a review of physiological, biomechanical and medicalaspects. Appl Ergon. 1996;27:207–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(96)00013-0.
Koehler AN. Biomechanical modeling of manual wheelchair propulsion: force capability investigation for improved clinical fitting procedures. 2017. Master's thesis, The Ohio State University. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1494193078750548.
Langholz JB, Westman G, Karlsteen M. Musculoskeletal modelling in sports - evaluation of different software tools with focus on swimming. Procedia Eng. 2016;147:281–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.278.
LaPrè AK, Price MA, Wedge RD, Umberger BR. Sup FC 4th. approach for gait analysis in persons with limb loss including residuum and prosthesis socket dynamics. Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng. 2018;34:e2936. https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.2936.
Liu MQ, Anderson FC, Schwartz MH, Delp SL. Muscle contributions to support and progression over a range of walking speeds. J Biomech. 2008;41:3243–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.07.031.
Mahadas S, Mahadas K, Hung GK. Biomechanics of the golf swing using OpenSim. Comput Biol Med. 2019;105:39–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.12.002.
Panariello D, Lanzotti A, Grazioso S, Caporaso T, Palomba A, Gironimo GD. Biomechanical analysis of the upper body during overhead industrial tasks using electromyography and motion capture integrated with digital human models. Int J Interact Des Manuf. 2022;16:733–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-022-00862-9.
Pigini L, Colombini D, Rabuffetti M, Ferrarin M. Evaluation of work-related biomechanical overload: techniques for the acquisition and analysis of surface EMG signal. Med Lav. 2010;101:118–33.
Quesada PM, Mengelkoch LJ, Hale RC, Simon SR. Biomechanical and metabolic effects of varying backpack loading on simulated marching. Ergonomics. 2000;43:293–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/001401300184413.
Radwin RG, Marras WS, L SA. Biomechanical aspects of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Theor Issues Ergon Sci. 2001;2:153–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/14639220110102044.
Rajagopal A, Dembia CL, DeMers MS, Delp DD, Hicks JL, Delp SL. Full-body musculoskeletal model for muscle-driven simulation of human gait. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2016;63:2068–79. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2016.2586891.
Raveendranathan V, Carloni R. Musculoskeletal model of an osseointegrated transfemoral amputee in OpenSim. Proceedings of 8th IEEE RAS/EMBS International Conference for Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob). New York, NY; 2020. p. 1196–201. https://doi.org/10.1109/BioRob49111.2020.9224422.
Reinbolt JA, Seth A, Delp SL. Simulation of human movement: applications using OpenSim. Procedia IUTAM. 2011;2:186–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.piutam.2011.04.019.
Rodgers MM, Gayle GW, Figoni SF, Kobayashi M, Lieh JGR. Biomechanics of wheelchair propulsion during fatigue. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994;75:85–93.
Saul KR, Hu X, Goehler CM, Vidt ME, Daly M, Velisar A, Murray WM. Benchmarking of dynamic simulation predictions in two software platforms using an upper limb musculoskeletal model. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin. 2015;18:1445–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2014.916698.
Seth A, Sherman M, Reinbolt JA, Delp SL. OpenSim: a musculoskeletal modeling and simulation framework for in silico investigations and exchange. Procedia IUTAM. 2011;2:212–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.piutam.2011.04.021.
Seth A, Hicks JL, Uchida TK, Habib A, Dembia L, Dunne JJ, Ong CF, Demers MS, Rajagopal A, Millard M, Hamner SR, Arnold EM, Yong R, Lakshmikanth SK, Sherman MA, Ku JP, Delp SL. OpenSim : Simulating musculoskeletal dynamics and neuromuscular control to study human and animal movement. PLoS Comput Biol. 2018;14:1–20.
Tzu-Wei P, Huang ADK. Mechanics and energetics of load carriage during human walking. J Exp Biol. 2014;217:605–13. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.091587.
Wan B, Shan G. Biomechanical modeling as a practical tool for predicting injury risk related to repetitive muscle lengthening during learning and training of human complex motor skills. Springerplus. 2016;5:441. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-2067-y.
Yang X, Zhao G, Liu D, Zhou W, Zhao H. Biomechanics analysis of human walking with load carriage. Technol Heal Care. 2015;23:S567-575. https://doi.org/10.3233/THC-150995.
Żuk M, Syczewska M, Pezowicz C. Use of the surface electromyography for a quantitative trend validation of estimated muscle forces. Biocybern Biomed Eng. 2018;38:243–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbe.2018.02.001.