Các chỉ số sinh học về sự tiếp xúc và tác hại tiềm tàng ở người sử dụng thuốc lá điện tử độc quyền và những người hút thuốc hiện tại, đã từng hút và chưa bao giờ hút thuốc

Internal and Emergency Medicine - Tập 18 - Trang 1359-1371 - 2023
Linsey E. Haswell1, Nathan Gale1, Elaine Brown1, David Azzopardi1, Michael McEwan1, Jesse Thissen1, Filimon Meichanetzidis1, George Hardie1
1BAT (Investments) Limited, Southampton, UK

Tóm tắt

Khói từ thuốc lá điện tử (EC) thường chứa ít hơn và nồng độ thấp hơn các thành phần độc hại và tiềm ẩn nguy hiểm so với khói thuốc lá truyền thống. Cần có thêm các nghiên cứu để xác định liệu sự giảm phát thải có dẫn đến giảm rủi ro sức khỏe cho người dùng EC hay không. Trong một nghiên cứu cắt ngang, các chỉ số sinh học về sự tiếp xúc (BoE) với một số độc tố trong khói thuốc lá và các chỉ số sinh học về tác hại tiềm tàng (BoPH), liên quan đến các quá trình sinh học gắn liền với sự phát triển khả năng mắc các bệnh liên quan đến thuốc lá và stress oxi hóa, đã được đánh giá trên những người sử dụng EC solus Vuse và những người hút thuốc hiện tại, đã từng hút và chưa bao giờ hút thuốc. Tổng cộng có 213 người tham gia được ghi danh, và tình trạng hút thuốc được xác nhận bằng cách đo cotinine trong nước tiểu, carbon monoxide trong hơi thở và nồng độ N-(2-cyanoethyl)valine (chỉ áp dụng cho người dùng EC và người đã từng hút thuốc). Trong quá trình cách ly, các người tham gia đã sử dụng sản phẩm thường dùng của họ (EC hoặc thuốc lá) như bình thường và BoE cũng như BoPH được đánh giá thông qua xét nghiệm máu, nước tiểu 24 giờ và đánh giá sinh lý. Mức độ các chỉ số BoE trong nước tiểu đều thấp một cách đáng kể; MHBMA, HMPMA, 3-HPMA, NNN, 3-OH-B[a]P, S-PMA, NNAL (tất cả p < 0.0001), và TNeq (p = 0.0074) được quan sát ở những người sử dụng EC khi so với những người hút thuốc. Hơn nữa, mức độ thấp đáng kể cũng được ghi nhận ở người dùng EC cho 3 trong số 7 BoPH được đo, carboxyhaemoglobin (p < 0.0001), phân tử bám dính tế bào nội bào hòa tan-1 (p = 0.0028), và 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 (p = 0.0012), khi so với những người hút thuốc. So với những người hút thuốc, người dùng EC solus Vuse có mức tiếp xúc thấp hơn đáng kể với các độc tố thuốc lá cho BoE và 3 BoPH đo được. Những kết quả này củng cố thêm bằng chứng hỗ trợ EC như một phần của chiến lược giảm thiểu tác hại của thuốc lá.

Từ khóa

#thuốc lá điện tử #chỉ số sinh học #độc tố thuốc lá #sức khỏe cộng đồng #giảm thiểu tác hại

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