Biodiversity, scenery and infrastructure: Factors driving wildlife tourism in an African savannah national park

Anderson, 2010, Landscape-scale analyses suggest both nutrient and antipredator advantages to Serengeti herbivore hotspots, Ecology, 91, 1519, 10.1890/09-0739.1 Ballantyne, 2011, Visitors' memories of wildlife tourism: implications for the design of powerful interpretive experiences, Tour. Manag., 32, 770, 10.1016/j.tourman.2010.06.012 Balmford, 2015, Walk on the wild side: estimating the global magnitude of visits to protected areas, PLoS Biol., 13, 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002074 Beh, 2007, Segmentation by visitor motivation in three Kenyan national reserves, Tour. Manag., 28, 1464, 10.1016/j.tourman.2007.01.010 Boshoff, 2007, Profiles, views and observations of visitors to the Addo Elephant National Park, Eastern Cape, South Africa, S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res., 37, 189, 10.3957/0379-4369-37.2.189 Buckland, 2001 Buckley, 2012, A population accounting approach to assess tourism contributions to conservation of IUCN-redlisted mammal species, PLoS One, 7, 1, 10.1371/journal.pone.0044134 Cardinale, 2012, Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity, Nature, 486, 59, 10.1038/nature11148 Caro, 1999, Abundance and distribution of mammals in Katavi National Park, Tanzania, Afr. J. Ecol., 37, 305, 10.1046/j.1365-2028.1999.00181.x Caro, 1999, Densities of mammals in partially protected areas: the Katavi ecosystem of western Tanzania, J. Appl. Ecol., 36, 215, 10.1046/j.1365-2664.1999.00392.x Cimon-Morin, 2013, Fostering synergies between ecosystem services and biodiversity in conservation planning: a review, Biol. Conserv., 166, 144, 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.06.023 Di Minin, 2012, Understanding heterogeneous preference of tourists for big game species: implications for conservation and management, Anim. Conserv., 16, 249, 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00595.x Dramstad, 2006, Relationships between visual landscape preferences and map-based indicators of landscape structure, Landsc. Urban Plan., 78, 465, 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2005.12.006 Fanshawe, 1991, The wild dog — Africa's vanishing carnivore, Oryx, 25, 137, 10.1017/S0030605300034165 Gaylard, 2003, Surface water availability: implications for heterogeneity and ecosystem processes, 171 Goodwin, 2000, Tourism and protected areas – distorting conservation priorities towards charismatic megafauna?, 257 Gössling, 1999, Ecotourism: a means to safeguard biodiversity and ecosystem functions?, Ecol. Econ., 29, 302, 10.1016/S0921-8009(99)00012-9 Grace, 2012, Guidelines for a graph-theoretic implementation of structural equation models, Ecosphere, 3, 10.1890/ES12-00048.1 Gros, 2002, The status and conservation of the cheetah Acinonyx jubatus in Tanzania, Biol. Conserv., 106, 177, 10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00244-0 Gros, 1996, Estimating carnivore densities for conservation purposes: indirect methods compared to baseline demographic data, Oikos, 77, 197, 10.2307/3546058 Hanks, 2000, The role of transfrontier conservation areas in southern Africa in theconservation of mammalian biodiversity, 239 Hopcraft, 2005, Planning for success: Serengeti lions seek prey accessibility rather than abundance, J. Anim. Ecol., 74, 559, 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00955.x Kerley, 2003, Jumbos or bust: do tourists' perceptions lead to an under-appreciation of biodiversity?, S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res., 33, 13 Kissling, 2008, Spatial patterns of woody plant and bird diversity: functional relationships or environmental effects?, Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr., 17, 327, 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00379.x Lindsey, 2007, Wildlife viewing preferences of visitors to protected areas in South Africa: implications for the role of ecotourism in conservation, J. Ecotourism, 6, 19, 10.2167/joe133.0 Mace, 2012, Biodiversity and ecosystem services: a multilayered relationship, Trends Ecol. Evol., 27, 19, 10.1016/j.tree.2011.08.006 Maciejewski, 2014, Elevated elephant density does not improve ecotourism opportunities: convergence in social and ecological objectives, Ecol. Appl., 24, 920, 10.1890/13-0935.1 Maciejewski, 2014, Understanding tourists' preference for mammal species in private protected areas: is there a case for extralimital species for ecotourism?, PLoS One, 9, 10.1371/journal.pone.0088192 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005 Naidoo, 2011, Effect of biodiversity on economic benefits from communal lands in Namibia, J. Appl. Ecol., 48, 310, 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01955.x Neuvonen, 2010, Visits to national parks: effects of park characteristics and spatial demand, J. Nat. Conserv., 18, 224, 10.1016/j.jnc.2009.10.003 Okello, 2008, The relative importance of large mammal species for tourism in Amboseli National Park, Kenya, Tour. Manag., 29, 751, 10.1016/j.tourman.2007.08.003 Peel, 2004, The value and costs of wildlife and wildlife-based activities in the eastern Lowveld savannah, South Africa, 775 R Development Core Team, 2010 Ripple, 2014, Status and ecological effects of the world's largest carnivores, Science, 343, 1241484, 10.1126/science.1241484 Sankaran, 2005, Determinants of woody cover in African savannas, Nature, 438, 846, 10.1038/nature04070 SANParks, 2006 SANParks, 2014 Scott, 2004, Climate change and the distribution of climatic resources for tourism in North America, Clim. Res., 27, 105, 10.3354/cr027105 Shorrocks, 2007 Smit, 2007, Do artificial waterholes influence the way herbivores use the landscape? Herbivore distribution patterns around rivers and artificial surface water sources in a large African savanna park, Biol. Conserv., 136, 85, 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.11.009 Thomas, 2009 Turpie, 2001, Estimating potential impacts of a change in river quality on the tourism value of Kruger National Park: an application of travel cost, contingent and conjoint valuation methods, Water SA, 27, 387, 10.4314/wsa.v27i3.4983 Valeix, 2010, How key habitat features influence large terrestrial carnivore movements: waterholes and African lions in a semi-arid savanna of north-western Zimbabwe, Landsc. Ecol., 25, 337, 10.1007/s10980-009-9425-x Zizka, 2014, How to tell a shrub from a tree: a life-history perspective from a South African savanna, Austral Ecol., 10.1111/aec.12142