Biodiversity offsets: from current challenges to harmonized metrics

BBOP, 2013 Bull, 2013, Biodiversity offsets in theory and practice, Oryx, 47, 369, 10.1017/S003060531200172X Kiesecker, 2009, Development by design: blending landscape-level planning with the mitigation hierarchy, Front Ecol Environ, 8, 261, 10.1890/090005 DEFRA, 2012 Ten Kate, 2004 BBOP, 2012 McKenney, 2005 Crowe, 2010 Madsen, 2010 Maron, 2013, Calculating the benefit of conservation actions, Conserv Lett, 6, 359 Maron, 2012, Faustian bargains? Restoration realities in the context of biodiversity offset policies, Biol Conserv, 155, 141, 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.06.003 Morris, 2006, The creation of compensatory habitat—can it secure sustainable development?, J Nat Conserv, 14, 106, 10.1016/j.jnc.2006.01.003 Gibbons, 2007, Offsets for land clearing: no net loss or the tail wagging the dog?, Ecol Manag Restor, 8, 26, 10.1111/j.1442-8903.2007.00328.x Madsen, 2011 Burgin, 2008, BioBanking: an environmental scientist's view of the role of biodiversity banking offsets in conservation, Biodivers Conserv, 17, 807, 10.1007/s10531-008-9319-2 EC, 2011 IFC, 2012 McKenney, 2010, Policy development for biodiversity offsets: a review of offset frameworks, Environ Manage, 45, 165, 10.1007/s00267-009-9396-3 Ambrose, 2004, Wetland mitigation in the United States: assessing the success of mitigation policies, Wetl Aust, 19, 1 Corps, EPA, 1990 Bekessy, 2010, The biodiversity bank cannot be a lending bank, Conserv Lett, 3, 151, 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2010.00110.x Boisvert, 2013, Market-based instruments for ecosystem services: institutional innovation or renovation?, Soc Nat Resour, 26, 1122, 10.1080/08941920.2013.820815 EU, 2014 Klassert, 2013, Improving the policy mix: the scope for market-based instruments in EU biodiversity policy, Environ Policy Gov, 23, 311, 10.1002/eet.1623 Quétier, 2014, No net loss of biodiversity or paper offsets? A critical review of the French no net loss policy, Environ Sci Policy, 38, 120, 10.1016/j.envsci.2013.11.009 Regnery, 2013, Offsets and conservation of the species of the EU Habitats and Birds Directives, Conserv Biol, 27, 1335, 10.1111/cobi.12123 DEFRA, 2013 Darbi, 2010 Habib, 2013, Economic and ecological outcomes of flexible biodiversity offset systems, Conserv Biol, 27, 1313, 10.1111/cobi.12098 Hahn, 2013, Understanding the effectiveness of environmental offset policies, J Regul Econ, 44, 103, 10.1007/s11149-013-9211-1 Piligrim, 2013, A process for biodiversity offsets: relative offsetability of impacts, Conserv Lett, 6, 376 Clare, 2011, Where is the avoidance in the implementation of wetland law and policy?, Wetl Ecol Manag, 19, 165, 10.1007/s11273-011-9209-3 Villarroya, 2014, Policy development for environmental licensing and biodiversity offsets in Latin America, PLoS ONE, 9, e107144, 10.1371/journal.pone.0107144 Pereira, 2012, Global biodiversity change: the bad, the good, and the unknown, Annu Rev Environ Resour, 37, 25, 10.1146/annurev-environ-042911-093511 Buckland, 2009, Quantifying biodiversity, Significance, 6, 105, 10.1111/j.1740-9713.2009.00371.x Mace, 2005, Biodiversity: an index of intactness, Nature, 434, 32, 10.1038/434032a Studeny, 2011, Goodness-of-fit measures of evenness: a new tool for exploring changes in community structure, Ecosphere, 2, art15, 10.1890/ES10-00074.1 Bartosz, 2015, Capturing the complexity of biodiversity: a critical review of economic valuation studies of biological diversity, Ecol Econ, 113, 1, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.02.023 King, 2004 Quétier, 2011, Assessing ecological equivalence in biodiversity offset schemes: key issues and solutions, Biol Conserv, 144, 2991, 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.09.002 Parkes, 2003, Assessing the quality of native vegetation: the “habitat hectares” approach, Ecol Manag Restor, 4, S29, 10.1046/j.1442-8903.4.s.4.x Gardner, 2013, Biodiversity offsets and the challenge of achieving no net loss, Conserv Biol, 27, 1254, 10.1111/cobi.12118 Treweek, 2010, Biodiversity offsets: possible methods for measuring biodiversity losses and gains for use in the UK, In Pract, 69, 29 Robertson, 2004, The neoliberalization of ecosystem services: wetland mitigation banking and problems in environmental governance, Geoforum, 35, 361, 10.1016/j.geoforum.2003.06.002 Bull, 2014, Comparing biodiversity offset calculation methods with a case study in Uzbekistan, Biol Conserv, 178, 2, 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.07.006 Alvarado-Quesada, 2014, Market-based mechanisms for biodiversity conservation: a review of existing schemes and an outline for a global mechanism, Biodivers Conserv, 23, 1, 10.1007/s10531-013-0598-x Moilanen, 2009, How much compensation is enough? A framework for incorporating uncertainty and time discounting when calculating offset ratios for impacted habitat, Restor Ecol, 17, 470, 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00382.x Gordon, 2011, Assessing the impacts of biodiversity offset policies, Environ Model Softw, 26, 1481, 10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.07.021 Underwood, 2011, Combining landscape-level conservation planning and biodiversity offset programs: a case study, Environ Manage, 47, 121, 10.1007/s00267-010-9589-9 Kiesecker, 2009, A framework for implementing biodiversity offsets: selecting sites and determining scale, BioScience, 59, 77, 10.1525/bio.2009.59.1.11 Curran, 2014, Is there any empirical support for biodiversity offset policy?, Ecol Appl, 24, 617, 10.1890/13-0243.1 Gordon, 2015, Perverse incentives risk undermining biodiversity offset policies, J Appl Ecol, 10.1111/1365-2664.12398 Pereira, 2013, Essential biodiversity variables, Science, 339, 277, 10.1126/science.1229931