Biodiesel fuel from microalgae-promising alternative fuel for the future: a review
Tóm tắt
The use of organic matter such as vegetable oil to produce biodiesel fuel has been a practical technology for a number of years. However, the search for new technologies and raw materials for biodiesel fuel production has gained increased attention recently because of financial and environmental concerns. Of particular interest are raw materials that are not food-related. Microalgae have gained a great deal of attention as a potential biodiesel raw material because of their high growth rates and ability to accumulate oil, bind carbon dioxide, and remove contaminants from wastewater. This article is a literature review of technologies for biodiesel production from microalgae. The technologies relate to microalgal cultivation, microalgal growth enhancement to simultaneously increase biomass and reduce pollution, the preparation of microalgal biomass for biodiesel production, and biodiesel production itself.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Algae-based biofuels (2009) A review of challenges and opportunities for developing countries. http://www.globalbioenergy.org/uploads/media/0905_FAO_Review_Paper_on_Algae-based_Biofuels.pdf. Accessed 20/04/2012
Bashan LE, Moreno M, Hernandez JP, Bashan Y (2002) Removal of ammonium and phosphorus ions from synthetic wastewater by the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris coimmobilized in alginate beads with the microalgae growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense. Water Res 36:2941–2948
Bilad MR, Vandamme D, Foubert I, Muylaert K, Vankelecom IFJ (2012) Harvesting microalgal biomass using submerged microfiltration membranes. Bioresour Technol 111:343–352
Borowitzka MA (1999) Commercial production of microalgae: ponds, tanks, and fermenters. J Biotechnol 70:313–321
Brennan L, Owende P (2010) Biofuels from microalgae-A review of technologies for production, processing, and extractions of biofuls and co-products. Renew Sust Energy Rev 14:557–577
Bruton T, Lyons H, Lerat Y, Stanley M, Rasmussen MB (2009) A review of the potential of marine algae as a source of biofuel in Ireland. Dublin: sustanable energy Ireland. http://www.seambiotic.com/uploads/algae%20report%2004%202009.pdf. Accessed 02/06/2012
Carvalho AP, Meireles LA, Malcata FX (2006) Microalgal reactors: a review of enclosed system designs and performances. Biotechnol Progr 22:1490–1506
Cheirsilp B, Torpee S (2012) Enhanced growth and lipid production of microalgae under mixotrophic culture condition: effect of light intensity, glucose concentration and fed-batch cultivation. Bioresour Technol 110:510–516
Chen CY, Yeh KL, Aisyah R, Lee DJ, Chang JS (2011) Cultivation, photobioreactor design and harvesting of microalgae for biodiesel production: a critical review. Bioresour Technol 102:71–81
Cheng Y, Zhou W, Gao Ch, Lan K, Gao Y, Wu Q (2009) Biodiesel production from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus Tuberosus L.) tuber by heterotrophic microalgae Chlorella protothecoides. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 84:777–781
Chisti Y (2007) Biodiesel from microalgae. Biotechnol Adv 25:294–306
Chiu SY, Kao CY, Tsai MT, Ong SC, Chen CH, Lin CS (2009) Lipid accumulation and CO2 utilization of Nannochloropsis oculata in response to CO2 aeration. Bioresour Technol 100:833–838
Doan TTY, Sivaloganathan B, Obbard JP (2011) Screening of marine microalgae for biodiesel feedstock. Biomass Bioenergy 35:2534–2544
Ehimen EA, Sun ZF, Carrington CG (2010) Variables affecting the in situ transesterification of microalgae lipids. Fuel 89:677–684
Fukuda H, Kondo A, Noda H (2001) Biodiesel fuel production by transesterification of oils. J Biosci Bioeng 92:405–416
Godos I, Guzman HO, Soto R, Garcia-Encina PA, Becares E, Munoz R, Vargas VA (2011) Coagulation/flocculation-based removal of algal–bacterial biomass from piggery wastewater treatmen. Bioresour Technol 102:923–927
Greenwell HC, Laurens LML, Shields RJ, Lovitt RW, Flynn KJ (2010) Placing microalgae on the biofuels priority list: a review of the technological challenges. J R Soc Interface 7:703–726
Halim R, Gladman B, Danquah MK, Webley PA (2011) Oil extraction from microalgae for biodiesel production. Bioresour Technol 102:178–185
Halim R, Danquah MK, Webley PA (2012) Extraction of oil from microalgae for biodiesel production: a review. Biotechnol Adv 30:709–732
Hu Q, Sommerfeld M, Jarvis E, Ghirardi M, Posewitz M, Seibert M, Darzins A (2008) Microalgal triacylglicerols as feedstocks for biofuel production: perspectives and advances. Plant J 54:621–639
Huang G, Chen F, Wei D, Zhang X, Chen G (2010) Biodiesel production by microalgal biotechnology. Appl Energy 87:38–46
Johnson MB, Wen Z (2009) Production of biodiesel fuel from the microalga Schizochytrium limacinum by direct transesterification of algal biomass. Energy Fuel 23:5179–5183
Kapdan IK, Aslan S (2008) Application of the Stover–Kincannon kinetic model to nitrogen removal by Chlorella vulgaris in a continuously operated immobilized photobioreactor system. J Chem Technol Biotechnol B 83:998–1005
Ketheesan B, Ninnalakhandan N (2011) Development of a new airlift-driven raceway reactor for algal cultivation. Appl Energy 88:3370–3376
Kovács S, Hancsók J (2009) Investigation of the transesterification efficiency of different immobilized lipase enzymes. Chem Eng Tr 17:1185–1190
Li P, Miao X, Li R, Zhong J (2011) In situ biodiesel production from fast-growing and high oil content Chlorella pyrenoidosa in cice straw hydrolysate. J Biomed Biotechnol. doi:10.1155/2011/141207
Liang Y, Sarkany N, Cui Y (2009) Biomass and lipid productivities of Chlorella vulgaris under autotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic growth conditions. Biotechnol Lett 31:1043–1049
Liang Y, Sarkany N, Cui Y, Blackburn JW (2010) Batch stage study of lipid production from crude glycerol derived from yellow grease or animal fats through microalgal fermentation. Bioresour Technol 101:6745–6750
Lv JM, Cheng LH, Xu XH, Zhang L, Chen HL (2010) Enhanced lipid production of Chlorella vulgaris by adjustment of cultivation conditions. Bioresour Technol 101:6797–6804
Ma F, Hanna MA (1999) Biodiesel production: a review. Bioersour Technol 70:1–15
Marchetti JM, Miguel VU, Errazu AF (2007) Biodiesel production: a review. Renew Sust Energy Rev 11:1300–1311
Martinez ME, Sanchez S, Jimenez JM, Yousfi FE, Munoz L (2000) Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from urban wastewater by the microalga Scenedesmus obliquus. Bioresour Technol 73:263–272
Mata TM, Martins AA, Caetano NS (2010) Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: a review. Renew Sust Energy Rev 14:217–232
Meher LC, Sagar V, Naik SN (2006) Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification—a review. Renew Sust Energy Rev 10:248–268
Mercer P, Arenta RE (2011) Developments in oil extraction from microalgae. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 113:539–547
Mitra DD, van Leeuwen JH, Lamsalk B (2012) Heterotrophic/mixotrophic cultivation of oleaginous Chlorella vulgaris on industrial co-products. Algal Res 1:40–48
Molina Grima E, Sanchez Perez JA, Garcia Camacho F, Garcia Sanchez JL, Acien Fernández FG, Alonso DL (1994) Outdoor culture of Isochrysis galbana ALII-4 in a closed tubular photobioreactor. J Biotech 37:159–166
Molina Grima E, Belarbi EH, Acie′n Ferna′ndez FG, Robles Medina A, Chisti Y (2003) Recovery of microalgal biomass and metabolites: process options and economics. Biotechnol Adv 20:491–515
Montes D’Oca MG, Viegas CV, Lemoes JS, Miyasaki EK, Moron-Villarreyes JA, Primel EG, Abreu PC (2011) Production of FAMEs from several microalgal lipidic extracts and direct transesterification of the Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Biomass Bioenergy 35:1533–1538
Munoz R, Guieysse B (2006) Algal–bacterial processes for the treatment of hazardous contaminants: a review. Water Res 40:2799–2815
Nakano Y, Miyatake K, Okuno H, Hamazaki K, Takenaka S, Honami N, Kiyota M, Aiga I, Kondo J (1996) Gorwth of photosynthetic algae Euglena in high CO2 conditions and its photosynthetic characteristics. Acta Hortic 9:49–54
Perez-Garcia O, Escalante FME, Bashan LE, Bashan Y (2011) Heterotrophic cultures of microalgae: metabolism and potential products. Water Res 45:11–36
Pires JCM, Alvim-Ferraz MCM, Martins FG, Simoes M (2012) Carbon dioxide capture from flue gases using microalgae: engineering aspects and biorefinery concept. Renew Sust Energy Rev 16:3043–3053
Pokoo-Aikins G, Nadium A, El-Halwagi MM, Mahalec V (2010) Design and analysis of biodiesel production from algae grown through carbon sequestration. Clean Technol Environ 12:239–254
Posten C (2009) Design principles of photo-bioreactors for cultivation of microalgae. Eng Life Sci 9:165–177
Prakash J, Pusparaj B, Carlozzi P, Torzillo G, Montazini E, Materassi R (1997) Microalgal biomass drying by a simple solar device. Int J Sol Energy 18:303–311
Praveenkumar R, Shameera K, Mahalakshmi G, Akbarsha MA, Thajuddin N (2012) Influence of nutrient deprivations on lipid accumulation in a dominant indigenous microalga Chlorella sp., BUM11008: evaluation for biodiesel production. Biomass Bioenergy 37:60–66
Pulz O (2001) Photobioreactors: production systems for phototrophic microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 57:287–293
Pulz O, Schreibenbogen K (1998) Photobioreactors: design and performance with respect to light energy input. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 59:123–152
Radmer RJ, Parker BC (1994) Commercial applications of algae: opportunities and constraints. J Appl Phycol 6:93–98
Ranjan A, Patil Ch, Moholkar VS (2010) Mechanistic assessment of microalgal lipid extraction. Ind Eng Chem Res 49:2979–2985
Ripplinger P (2012) Energy efficiency and economics of the production of microalgae biomass with a flate panel-airlift photobioreactor. http://www.biorefinica.de/Ripplinger_Biorefinica2009.pdf. Accessed 15/02/2012
Rodolfi L, Zittelli GC, Bassi N, Padovani G, Biondi N, Bonini G, Tredici MR (2009) Microalgae for oil: strain selection, induction of lipid synthesis and outdoor mass cultivation in a low-cost photobioreactor. Biotechnol Bioeng 102:100–112
Ruangsomboon S (2012) Effect of light, nutrient, cultivation time and salinity on lipid production of newly isolated strain of the green microalga, Botryococcus braunii KMITL 2. Bioresour Technol 109:261–265
Salih FM (2011) Microalgae tolerance to high concentrations of carbon dioxide: a review. J Environ Prot 2:648–654
Schuchardt U, Sercheli R, Vargas RM (1998) Transesterification of vegetable oils: a review. J Braz Chem Soc 9:199–210
Singh RN, Sharma S (2012) Development of suitable photobioreactor for algae production-A review. Renew Sust Energy Rev 16:2347–2353
Taher H, Al-Zuhair S, Al-Marzouqi AH, Kaik Y, Farid MMA (2011) A review of enzymatic transesterification of microalgal oil-based biodiesel using supercritical technology. Enzym Res. doi:10.4061/2011/468292
Tran DThK, Yeh L, Chen ChL, Chang JS (2012) Enzymatic transesterification of microalgal oil from Chlorella vulgaris ESP-31 for biodiesel synthesis using immobilized Burkholderia lipase. Bioresour Technol 108:119–127
Trinh D, Xuan T (2012) Harvesting marine algae for biodiesel feedstock. http://www.nus.edu.sg/nurop/2009/FoE/U067436X.PDF. Accessed 25/05/2012
Tsoglin LN, Gabel BV, Fal’kovich TN, Semenenko VE (1996) Closed photobioreactors for microalgal cultivation. Russ J Plant Physl 43:131–136
Tsukahara K, Sawayama S (2005) Liquid fuel production using microalgae. J Jpn Pet Inst 48:251–259
Velasquez-Orta SB, Lee JGM, Harvey A (2012) Alkaline in situ transesterification of Chlorella vulgaris. Fuel 94:544–550
Wahlen BD, Willis RM, Seefeldt LC (2011) Biodiesel production by simultaneous extraction and conversion of total lipids from microalgae, cyanobacteria, and wild mixed-cultures. Bioresour Technol 102:2724–2730
Wang B, Lan CQ (2011) Biomass production and nitrogen and phosphorus removal by the green alga Neochloris oleoabundans in simulated wastewater and secondary municipal wastewater effluent. Bioresour Technol 102:5639–5644
Wu Z, Zhu Y, Huang W, Zhang Ch, Li T, Zhang Y, Li A (2012) Evaluation of flocculation induced by pH increase for harvesting microalgae and reuse of flocculated medium. Bioresour Technol 110:496–502
Xin L, Hong-ying H, Ke G, Sun Y (2010a) Effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on the growth, nutrient uptake, and lipid accumulation of a freshwater microalga Scenedesmus sp. Bioresour Technol 101:5494–5500
Xin L, Hong-ying H, Ke G, Jis Y (2010b) Growth and nutrient removal properties of a freshwater microalga Scenedesnys sp. LX1 under different kinds of nitrogen sources. Ecol Eng 36:379–381
Xu L, Guo Ch, Wanga F, Zheng S, ChZ Liu (2011) Asimple and rapid harvesting method for microalgae by in situ magnetic separation. Bioresour Technol 102:10047–10051
Yeesang Ch, Cheirsilp B (2011) Effect of nitrogen, salt, and iron content in the growth medium and light intensity on lipid production by microalgae isolated from freshwater sources in Thailand. Bioresour Technol 102:3034–3040
Yoo Ch, Jun S, Lee J, Ahn Ch, Oh H (2010) Selection of microalgae for lipid production under high levels carbon dioxide. Bioresour Technol 101:S71–S74
Zhaoa B, Zhanga Y, Xionga K, Zhanga Z, Haoa X, Liub T (2011) Effect of cultivation mode on microalgal growth and CO2 fixation. Chem Eng Res Des 89:1758–1762
Zhu M, Zhou PP, Yu LJ (2002) Extraction of lipids from Mortierella alpina and enrichment of arachidonic acid from the fungal lipids. Bioresour Technol 84:93–95
Zittelli GC, Rodolfi L, Tredici MR (2003) Mass cultivation of Nannochloropsis sp. in annular reactors. J Appl Phycol 15:107–114