Vượt Ra Quy Tắc Born Trong Lực Học Lượng Tử

Antony Valentini1,2
1Augustus College, London, UK
2Department of Physics and Astronomy, Kinard Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, USA

Tóm tắt

Chúng tôi gần đây đã phát triển một hiểu biết mới về xác suất trong lực học lượng tử. Trong bài báo này, chúng tôi cung cấp một tóm tắt về cách tiếp cận mới này và những hệ quả của nó. Thông qua việc áp dụng phân tích pilot-wave của de Broglie–Bohm trong vật lý lượng tử, chúng tôi lập luận rằng không có quy tắc Born ở cấp độ cơ bản của lực học lượng tử với một hàm sóng Wheeler–DeWitt không thể chuẩn hóa $$\Psi$$ . Thay vào đó, vũ trụ đang ở trong trạng thái lượng tử không cân bằng vĩnh viễn với mật độ xác suất $$P\ne \left| \Psi \right| ^{2}$$ . Sự thư giãn động tới quy tắc Born chỉ có thể xảy ra sau khi vũ trụ đầu tiên đã xuất hiện trong một phép xấp xỉ tương đối cổ điển hoặc Schrödinger, với một hàm sóng theo thời gian có thể chuẩn hóa $$\psi$$ , cho các hệ thống không trọng lực trên một bối cảnh không-thời gian cổ điển. Trong chế độ đó, mật độ xác suất $$\rho$$ có thể thư giãn về phía $$\left| \psi \right| ^{2}$$ (ở mức độ thô). Do đó, lý thuyết pilot-wave của trọng lực hỗ trợ giả thuyết về sự không cân bằng lượng tử nguyên thủy, với sự thư giãn tới quy tắc Born xảy ra ngay sau vụ nổ lớn. Chúng tôi cũng chỉ ra rằng các sửa đổi lượng tử-trọng lực đối với phép xấp xỉ Schrödinger cho phép sự không cân bằng lượng tử $$\rho \ne \left| \psi \right| ^{2}$$ được tạo ra từ trạng thái cân bằng trước đó ( $$\rho =\left| \psi \right| ^{2}$$ ). Những hiệu ứng này rất nhỏ và khó quan sát trong thực tế.

Từ khóa

#quy tắc Born #lực học lượng tử #không cân bằng lượng tử #hàm sóng #vũ trụ

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