Benign Spindle Cell Tumors of the Mammary Stroma: Diagnostic Criteria, Classification, and Histogenesis

Al-Bozom, 1996, Spindle cell carcinoma of the breast, a mimicker of benign lesions. Case report and review of the literature, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 120, 1066

Ali, 1994, Giant myofibroblastoma of the male breast, Am J Surg Pathol, 18, 1170, 10.1097/00000478-199411000-00012

Al-Nafussi, 1999, Spindle cell tumours of the breast: practical approach to diagnosis, Histopathology, 35, 1, 10.1046/j.1365-2559.1999.00766.x

Amin, 1993, Fine needle aspiration cytologic study of myofibroblastoma of the breast. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings, Am J Clin Pathol, 99, 593, 10.1093/ajcp/99.5.593

Anderson, 1991, Immunocytochemical analysis of estrogen and progesterone receptors in benign stromal lesions of the breast. Evidence for hormonal etiology in pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia of mammary stroma, Am J Surg Pathol, 15, 145, 10.1097/00000478-199102000-00007

Arias-Stella, 1988, Hemangiopericytoma of the breast, Mod Pathol, 1, 98

Begin, 1991, Myogenic stromal tumor of the male breast (socalled myofibroblastoma), Ultrastruct Pathol, 15, 613, 10.3109/01913129109023191

Berrada, 1998, Malignant schwannoma of the breast. A case report, J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris), 27, 441

Bhawan, 1979, A myofibroblastic tumor, Am J Pathol, 94, 19

Bisceglia, 1995, Lesioni mesenchimali benigne tumorali e simil-tumorali della mammella, Pathologica, 87, 20

Bisceglia, 1995, Inflammatory pseudotumor of the breast. Case report and literature review, Pathologica, 87, 59

Bisceglia, 1999, Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma of the salivary gland, Am J Surg Pathol (Letter), 23, 1432, 10.1097/00000478-199911000-00018

Biselli, 1999, Myofibroblastic tumours: neoplasias with divergent behaviour. Ultrastructural and flow cytometric analysis, Pathol Res Pract, 195, 619, 10.1016/S0344-0338(99)80127-7

Boger, 1984, Benign spindle cell tumor of the male breast, Path Res Pract, 178, 395, 10.1016/S0344-0338(84)80035-7

Bolen, 1981, Spindle cell lipoma. A clinical, light- and electron-microscopic study, Am J Surg Pathol, 5, 435, 10.1097/00000478-198107000-00003

Brunneman, 1999, Extrapleural solitary fibrous tumor: a clinicopathologic study of 24 cases, Mod Pathol, 12, 1034

Chan, 1984, Benign spindle cell tumour of breast-a variant of spindle cell lipoma or fibroma of breast?, Pathology, 16, 331, 10.3109/00313028409068546

Chan, 1997, Solitary fibrous tumor-everywhere, and a diagnosis in vogue, Histopathology, 31, 568, 10.1046/j.1365-2559.1997.2400897.x

Chieng, 1999, Fine-needle aspiration cytology of hemangiopericytoma: a report of five cases, Cancer, 87, 190, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19990825)87:4<190::AID-CNCR5>3.0.CO;2-Y

Coffin, 1995, Extrapulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (inflammatory pseudotumor). A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 84 cases, Am J Surg Pathol, 19, 859, 10.1097/00000478-199508000-00001

Damiani, 1994, Solitary fibrous tumor (myofibroblastoma) of the breast, Virchows Arch A, 425, 89

Dardick, 1995, Myoepithelioma: definitions and diagnostic criteria, Ultrastruct Pathol, 19, 335, 10.3109/01913129509021906

Devouassoux-Shisheboran, 2000, Fibromatosis of the breast, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 124, 276, 10.5858/2000-124-0276-FOTB

Eccles, 1996, Hereditary desmoid disease due to a frameshift mutation at codon 1924 of the APC gene, Am J Hum Genet, 59, 1193

Eyden, 1991, A study of spindle cell sarcomas showing myofibroblastic differentiation, Ultrastruct Pathol, 15, 367, 10.3109/01913129109016246

Eyden, 1992, Myofibrosarcoma of subcutaneous soft tissue of the cheek, J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol, 24, 307

Eyden, 1993, Brief review of the fibronexus and its significance for myofibroblastic differentiation and tumor diagnosis, Ultrastruct Pathol, 17, 611, 10.3109/01913129309027797

Eyden, 1993, Leiomyosarcoma versus myofibrosarcoma: observations and terminology, Ultrastruct Pathol, 17, 231, 10.3109/01913129309027769

Eyden, 1998, Myofibroblastoma of the male breast: a comment on differentiation and terminology, Histopathology, 33, 576, 10.1046/j.1365-2559.1998.0525c.x

Eyden, 1999, Myofibroblastoma of the breast: evidence favoring smooth-muscle rather than myofibroblastic differentiation, Ultrastruct Pathol, 23, 249, 10.1080/019131299281581

1995

Fisher, 1998, Synovial sarcoma, Ann Diagn Pathol, 2, 401, 10.1016/S1092-9134(98)80042-7

Flecther, 1996, Correlation between clinicopathological features and karyotype in lipomarous tumours, a report of 178 cases from the chromosomes and morphology (CHAMP) collaborative study group, Am J Pathol, 148, 623

Fletcher, 1998, Myofibroblastic tumours: an update, Verh Dtsch Ges Path, 82, 75

Fletcher, 1999, Myofibroblastic sarcoma, Am J Surg Pathol (Letter), 23, 1433

Folpe, 1998, Myofibroblastic tumour of bone with abundant intra- and extracellular actin: report of a unique tumour, with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characterization, Histopathology, 33, 490, 10.1046/j.1365-2559.1998.0491f.x

Friedman, 1994, Pleomorphic fibrohistiocytoma of the breast: a potential pitfall in breast biopsy interpretation, Virchows Arch, 425, 199, 10.1007/BF00230357

Foschini, 1998, Carcinomas of the breast showing myoepithelial cell differentiation. A review of the literature, Virchows Arch, 432, 303, 10.1007/s004280050170

Fukunaga, 1997, Myofibroblastoma of the breast with diverse differentiations, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 121, 599

Galant, 1997, Two schwannomas presenting as lumps in the same breast, Diagn Cytopathol, 16, 281, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0339(199703)16:3<281::AID-DC18>3.0.CO;2-H

Ghadially, 1983, Myofibroblastoma: a tumor of myofibroblasts, J Submicrosc Cytol, 15, 1055

Gocht, 1999, Breast tumors with myofibroblastic differentiation: clinico-pathological observations in myofibroblastoma and myofibrosarcoma, Pathol Res Pract, 195, 1, 10.1016/S0344-0338(99)80087-9

Goodman, 1981, Fibroadenomas of the breast with prominent smooth muscle, Am J Surg Pathol, 5, 99, 10.1097/00000478-198101000-00014

Gultekin, 1996, Schwannoma of the breast, South Med J, 89, 238, 10.1097/00007611-199602000-00018

Haggitt, 1970, Bilateral fibromatosis of the breast in Gardner's syndrome, Cancer, 16, 161, 10.1002/1097-0142(197001)25:1<161::AID-CNCR2820250123>3.0.CO;2-9

Hamele-Bena, 1996, Uncommon presentation of mammary myofibroblastoma, Mod Pathol, 9, 786

Hasegawa, 1999, Extrathoracic solitary fibrous tumours: their histological variability and potentially aggressive behaviour, Hum Pathol, 30, 1464, 10.1016/S0046-8177(99)90169-7

Hock, 1995, Myxoid neurofibroma of the male breast: fine needle aspiration cytodiagnosis, Cytopathology, 6, 44, 10.1111/j.1365-2303.1995.tb00007.x

Jones, 1992, Fibrosarcoma-malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the breast. A clinicopathological study of 32 cases, Am J Surg Pathol, 16, 667, 10.1097/00000478-199207000-00005

Julien, 1994, Myofibroblastoma of the breast: a study of eight cases, Ann Pathol, 14, 143

Khalifa, 1994, Solitary fibrous tumors: a series of lesions, some in unusual sites, South Med J, 90, 793, 10.1097/00007611-199708000-00005

Kobayashi, 1996, Myofibroblastoma of the breast: report of a case, Surg Today, 26, 727, 10.1007/BF00312094

Lagacè, 1999, Myofibroblastic sarcoma, Am J Surg Pathol (Letter), 23, 1432, 10.1097/00000478-199911000-00018

Lazaro-Santander, 1999, Myofibroblastoma of the breast with diverse histological features, Virchows Arch, 434, 547, 10.1007/s004280050382

Lee, 1993, Myofibroblastoma of the breast: an immunohistochemical study, Histopathology, 22, 75, 10.1111/j.1365-2559.1993.tb00074.x

Lew, 1993, Spindle cell lipoma of the breast: a case report and literature review, Diagn Cytopathol, 9, 434, 10.1002/dc.2840090412

Lipper, 1981, Pseudogynecomastia due to neurofibromatosis: a light and ultrastructural study, Hum Pathol, 12, 755, 10.1016/S0046-8177(81)80180-3

Magro, 1998, Breast and pectoralis musculo-aponeurotic fibromatosis: two independent lesions occurring in the same patient. A case report, Pathol Res Pract, 194, 867, 10.1016/S0344-0338(98)80092-7

Magro, 1998, Benign spindle cell tumor of the breast with prominent adipocytic component, Ann Diagn Pathol, 2, 306, 10.1016/S1092-9134(98)80023-3

Magro, 1998, Muscular hamartoma of the breast. Case report and review of the literature, Pathol Res Pract, 194, 349, 10.1016/S0344-0338(98)80059-9

Magro, 1999, Myofibroblastoma of the breast with hemangiopericytoma-like pattern and pleomorphic lipoma-like areas: report of a case with diagnostic and histogenetic considerations, Pathol Res Pract, 195, 257, 10.1016/S0344-0338(99)80044-2

Magro, 2000, Expression of steroid hormone receptors and their regulated proteins and bcl-2 protein in myofibroblastoma of the breast, Histopathology, 36, 515, 10.1046/j.1365-2559.2000.00907.x

Magro G, Sidoni A, Bisceglia M. Solitary fibrous tumour of the breast: distinction from myofibroblastoma. Histopathology 37: 189–191

Magro G, Michal M, Bisceglia M. Lipomatous myofibroblastoma: a potential diagnostic pitfall in the spectrum of the spindle cell lesions of the breast. Virchows Arch in press

McMenamin, 2000, Fibrous lesions of the breast. A review, Int J Surg Pathol, 8, 99, 10.1177/106689690000800204

Mentzel, 1997, Emerging role of myofibroblasts in soft tissue neoplasia, Am J Clin Pathol, 107, 1, 10.1093/ajcp/107.1.2

Mentzel, 1998, Low grade myofibroblastic sarcoma. Analysis of 18 cases in the spectrum of myofibroblastic tumors, Am J Surg Pathol, 22, 1228, 10.1097/00000478-199810000-00008

Milanezi, 1998, Pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia of mammary stroma associated with gynaecomastia, J Clin Pathol, 51, 204, 10.1136/jcp.51.3.204

Morgan, 1998, Myofibroblastoma of the breast revisited: an aetiologic association with androgens?, Hum Pathol, 29, 347, 10.1016/S0046-8177(98)90114-9

Mulvany, 1999, Spindle cell lipoma of the breast, Pathology, 31, 288, 10.1080/003130299105188

Negri, 1995, Fine needle aspiration of myofibroblastoma of the breast. Case report, Pathologica, 87, 719

Nielsen, 1995, Lipomatous hemangiopericytoma: a histologic, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of a unique variant of hemangiopericytoma, Am J Surg Pathol, 31, 568

Ordi, 1992, Fine needle aspiration of myofibroblastoma of the breast in a man. A report of two cases, Acta Cytol, 36, 194

Pauwels, 2000, Myofibroblastoma of the breast: genetic link with spindle cell lipoma, J Pathol, 191, 282, 10.1002/1096-9896(2000)9999:9999<::AID-PATH635>3.0.CO;2-R

Pettinato, 1988, Plasma cell granuloma (inflammatory pseudotumor) of the breast, Am J Clin Pathol, 90, 627, 10.1093/ajcp/90.5.627

Pina, 1997, Myofibroblastoma of the male breast: report of three cases and review of the literature, Eur Radiol, 7, 931, 10.1007/s003300050229

Powell, 1995, Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH). A mammary stromal tumor with myofibroblastic differentiation, Am J Surg Pathol, 19, 270, 10.1097/00000478-199503000-00004

Rosen, 1997

Salomao, 1997, Myofibroblastoma and solitary fibrous tumors of the breast: histopathological and immunohistochemical comparative study, (Abstract) Mod Pathol, 10, 25

Schmitt, 1998, Fine needle aspiration cytology presentation of a cellular variant of breast myofibroblastoma, Report of a case with immunohistochemcial studies, Acta Cytol, 42, 721, 10.1159/000331833

Schurch, 1997, Myofibroblasts, 129

Schurch, 1998, The myofibroblast. A quarter century after its discovery, Am J Surg Pathol, 22, 141, 10.1097/00000478-199802000-00001

Sherman, 1981, Neurofibromas of the breast and nippleareolar area, Am Plast Surg, 7, 302, 10.1097/00000637-198110000-00010

Shiraishi, 1999, Malignant myoepithelioma of the breast metastasizing to the jaw, Virchows Arch, 435, 520, 10.1007/s004280050436

Silverman, 1996, Mammary fibroadenoma and some phyllodes tumour stroma are composed of CD34+ fibroblasts and factor XIIIa dendrophages, Histopathology, 29, 411, 10.1046/j.1365-2559.1996.d01-510.x

Silverman, 1998, Mammary Myofibroblastoma: case report and immunohistochemical comparison with stromal hyperplasias showing bimodal CD34+ and Factor XIIIa+ fibrohistiocytic immunophenotype, J Histotechnol, 21, 335, 10.1179/his.1998.21.4.335

Smith, 1995, Myofibrosarcoma of the head and neck in children, Pediatr Pathol Lab Med, 15, 403, 10.3109/15513819509026976

Smith, 1996, Spindle cell lipoma of the breast. A case report, Acta Radiol, 37, 893, 10.3109/02841859609175464

Smith, 1999, Usefulness of cytokeratin subsets for distinguishing monophasic synovial sarcoma from malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, Am J Clin Pathol, 112, 641, 10.1093/ajcp/112.5.641

Suster, 1989, Intranodal hemorrhagic spindle cell tumor with “amianthoid” fibers. Report of six cases of a distinctive mesenchymal neoplasm of the inguinal region that simulates Kaposis's sarcoma, Am J Surg Pathol, 13, 347, 10.1097/00000478-198905000-00002

Suster, 1995, Solitary fibrous tumors of soft tissue. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 12 cases, Am J Surg Pathol, 19, 1257, 10.1097/00000478-199511000-00005

Suster, 1998, Expression of bcl-2 oncoprotein in benign and malignant spindle cell tumors of soft tissue, skin, serosal surfaces, and gastrointestinal tract, Am J Surg Pathol, 22, 863, 10.1097/00000478-199807000-00008

Taccagni, 1993, Solitary fibrous tumour of the thyroid: clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of three cases, Virchows Arch, 422, 491, 10.1007/BF01606459

Taccagni, 1997, Myofibrosarcoma of the breast. Review of the literature on myofibroblastic tumors and criteria for defining myofibroblastic differentiation, Am J Surg Pathol, 21, 498, 10.1097/00000478-199704000-00017

Tavassoli, 1991, Myoepithelial lesions of the breast. Myoepitheliosis, adenomyoepithelioma and myoepithelial carcinoma, Am J Surg Patho, 15, 554, 10.1097/00000478-199106000-00004

Templeton, 1996, Spindle cell lipoma is strongly CD34 positive. An immunohistochemical study, J Cutan Pathol, 23, 546, 10.1111/j.1600-0560.1996.tb01447.x

Thomas, 1997, Mammary myofibroblastoma with leiomyomatous differentiation, Am J Clin Pathol, 107, 52, 10.1093/ajcp/107.1.52

Toker, 1981, Benign spindle cell breast tumor, Cancer, 48, 1615, 10.1002/1097-0142(19811001)48:7<1615::AID-CNCR2820480724>3.0.CO;2-I

Torngren, 1991, Nodular fasciitis and fibromatosis of the female breast simulating breast cancer. Case report, Eur J Surg, 157, 155

Van de Rijn, 1994, CD34. A review, Appl. Immunohistochem, 2, 71

Vasudev, 1978, A sarcoma of myofibroblasts. An ultrastructural study, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 102, 185

Ymazaki, 1995, Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical observations on intralobular fibroblasts of human breast, with observations on the CD34 antigen, J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol, 27, 309

Yoo, 1998, Myofibroblastoma associated with bilateral gynecomastia: a case report and literature review, Oncol Rep, 5, 731

Wargotz, 1987, Myofibroblastoma of the breast. Sixteen cases of a distinctive benign mesenchymal tumor, Am J Surg Pathol, 11, 493, 10.1097/00000478-198707000-00001

Wargotz, 1987, Fibromatosis of the breast. A clinical and pathological study of 28 cases, Am J Surg Pathol, 11, 38, 10.1097/00000478-198701000-00005

Wargotz, 1989, Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast. II. Spindle cell carcinoma, Hum Pathol, 20, 628, 10.1016/0046-8177(89)90149-4

White, 1995, Intranodal leiomyoma or myofibroblastoma: an identical lesion, Histopathology, 26, 188, 10.1111/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00652.x