Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Đánh giá thực tiễn của các cơ quan và tổ chức trong việc ra quyết định về khả năng phục hồi
Tóm tắt
Các chỉ đạo gần đây từ Văn phòng Tổng thống Hoa Kỳ đã nêu rõ sự cần thiết phải có khả năng phục hồi trước những mối đe dọa an ninh gia tăng và các thảm họa tự nhiên. Mặc dù những tài liệu này kêu gọi cải thiện khả năng phục hồi, nhưng không có khung hướng dẫn nào cho việc đánh giá khả năng phục hồi. Các cơ quan liên bang đang tìm ra những cách riêng để giải quyết khả năng phục hồi, dẫn đến một loạt các nỗ lực song song thay vì một nỗ lực quốc gia thống nhất. Bài báo này tóm tắt danh mục các nỗ lực hiện tại do các cơ quan thực hiện nhằm hướng dẫn việc tích hợp đánh giá khả năng phục hồi trên toàn bộ chính phủ liên bang. Chúng tôi trình bày một cái nhìn phê phán về tình trạng khoa học về khả năng phục hồi trong bảy cơ quan liên bang và quan điểm của chúng tôi về những sự đồng nhất và khác biệt trong cách mà mỗi cơ quan thực hiện các lệnh của Tổng thống. Phân tích cuối cùng xác định sự khác nhau trong các cách tiếp cận đối với khả năng phục hồi và điểm chung mà các cơ quan liên bang có thể sử dụng để hỗ trợ các chương trình hiệu quả hơn.
Từ khóa
#khả năng phục hồi #đánh giá #cơ quan liên bang #chính sách công #an ninh quốc giaTài liệu tham khảo
Ahern J (2011) From fail-safe to safe-to-fail: sustainability and resilience in the new urban world. University of Massachusetts-Amherst. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=larp_grad_research
Argonne National Laboratory (2015) Better infrastructure risk and resilience. Accessed 2015. http://www.dis.anl.gov/projects/ri.html
Cabinet Office (2011) Strategic national framework on community resilience. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/60922/Strategic-National-Framework-on-Community-Resilience_0.pdf
Carlson L, Bassett G, Buehring W, Collins M, Folga S, Haffenden B, Petit F, Phillips J, Verner D, Whitfield R (2012) Resilience: theory and applications. Decision and Information Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory. http://www.dis.anl.gov/pubs/72218.pdf
Carpenter S, Walker B, Anderies JM, Abel N (2011) From metaphor to measurement: resilience of what to what? Ecosystems 4(8):765–781
Cutter SL, Ash KD, Emrich CT (2014) The geographies of community disaster resilience. Global Env Change 29:65–77
Department of Energy (2014) Energy Department announces funding to improve the resiliency of the electric grid. http://energy.gov/articles/energy-department-announces-funding-improve-resiliency-electric-grid
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) (2012) Community resilience. http://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/abc/Documents/community-resilience.pdf
Department of Homeland Security (DHS) (2012) Our mission. http://www.dhs.gov/our-mission
Department of Homeland Security (DHS) (2012a) Climate change adaptation roadmap. https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Appendix%20A%20DHS%20FY2012%20Climate%20Change%20Adaptation%20Plan_0.pdf
Department of Homeland Security (DHS) (2014) DHS S&T critical infrastructure resilience center of excellence: center lead. Funding Opportunity Announcement Number: DHS-14-ST-061-COE-CIRC-001A
Department of Homeland Security (DHS) (2015) Cyber security evaluation tool. Accessed 2015. www.us-cert.gov/control_systems
Department of Homeland Security (NIPP) (2013) NIPP 2013: partnering for critical infrastructure security and resilience. http://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/National-Infrastructure-Protection-Plan-2013-508.pdf
Department of Homeland Security (RRAP) (2014) Regional Resiliency Assessment Program. http://www.dhs.gov/regional-resiliency-assessment-program
Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology (S&T) (2015) Community resilience. Accessed 2015. https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/community-resilience
Department of the Interior (DOI) (2015) Mission statement. Accessed 2015. http://www.doi.gov/whoweare/Mission-Statement.cfm
Department of the Interior Metrics Expert Group (DMEG) (2014) Recommendations for assessing improvements in coastal resilience from projects within the DOI Hurricane Sandy Mitigation and Resiliency Program
Eisenberg DA, Park J, Bates ME, Fox-Lent C, Seager TP, Linkov I (2014) Resilience metrics: lessons from military doctrines. Solutions 5(5):76–87
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2014) Our mission and what we do. http://www2.epa.gov/aboutepa/our-mission-and-what-we-do
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2014a) Resilience analysis. http://www.epa.gov/sustainability/analytics/resilience.htm
Executive Order 13636 (EO-13636) (2013) Improving critical infrastructure cybersecurity. http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/02/12/executive-order-improving-critical-infrastructure-cybersecurity
Federal Business Opportunities (2014) DHS S&T critical infrastructure resilience center of excellence. Solicitation Number: DHS-14-ST-061-COE-CIRC-001B
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) (2011) National disaster recovery framework. http://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1820-25045-5325/508_ndrf.pdf
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) (2014) National preparedness goal. http://www.fema.gov/national-preparedness-goal
Gilbert S (2010) Disaster resilience: a guide to the literature. http://www.nist.gov/customcf/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=906887
Holling CS (1996) Engineering resilience versus ecological resilience. In: Engineering within ecological constraints. The National Academy Press, Washington DC, pp 31–43
International Charter (2012) The risk equation. http://www.icharter.org/articles/risk_equation.html
International Risk Governance Council (2015) What is risk governance? Accessed 2015. http://www.irgc.org/risk-governance/what-is-risk-governance/
Kershaw J (2013) Interior announces $475 million in hurricane sandy relief. http://www.doi.gov/news/pressreleases/interior-announces-475-million-in-hurricane-sandy-relief.cfm
Linkov I, Bridges T, Creutzig F, Decker J, Fox-Lent C, Kröger W, Lambert JH, Levermann A, Montreuil B, Nathwani J, Nyer R, Renn O, Scharte B, Scheffler A, Schreurs M, Thiel-Clemen T (2014) Changing the resilience paradigm. Nat Clim Change 4(6):407–409
Murphy J (2015) Positioning America for the future: port tomorrow resilience planning tool. http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conferences/2012/Metrics/presentations/45-Murphy.pdf
National Academy of Sciences (NAS) (2012) Committee on science, engineering, and public policy. Disaster resilience: a national imperative. The National Academies Press
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (2012) Mission, vision, core competencies, and core values. http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/mission.cfm
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (2014) Community Resilience Center of Excellence Program. Funding Opportunity Announcement Number: 2014-NIST-CR-COE-01
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (2014a) About NIST. http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/nandyou.cfm
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (2014b) Disaster resilience framework. http://www.nist.gov/el/building_materials/resilience/upload/Disaster_Resilience_Framework_50-Draft_102014.pdf
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (2015) About NOAA. Accessed 2015. http://www.noaa.gov/about-noaa.html
Office of Health Affairs (2015) Community health resilience guide. Accessed 2015. http://www.naccho.org/topics/emergency/upload/CHRI-Updated-Annotated-Guide-Outline-with-Stakeholder-Comments.pdf
Park J, Seager TP, Rao PSC, Convertino M, Linkov I (2013) Integrating risk and resilience approaches to catastrophe management in engineering systems. Risk Anal 33(3):356–367
Presidential Policy Directive 21 (PPD-21) (2013) Critical infrastructure security and resilience. http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/02/12/presidential-policy-directive-critical-infrastructure-security-and-resil
Renschler C, Frazier A, Arendt L, Cimellaro G, Reinhorn A, Bruneau M (2011) A framework for defining and measuring resilience at the community scale: the peoples resilience framework. MCEER Report, MCEER-10-0006
Rosati JD, Touzinsky KF, Lillycrop WJ (2015) Quantifying coastal system resilience for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. J Environ Syst Decis. doi:10.1007/s10669-015-9548-3
Schultz MT, McKay SK, Hales LZ (2012) The quantification and evolution of resilience in integrated coastal systems. ERDC TR-12-7. Vicksburg, MS, U.S. Army Engineer and Research Development Center
Sempier TT, Swann DL, Emmer R, Sempier SH, Schneider M (2010) Coastal Community Resilience Index: a community self assessment. MASGP-08-014
Sikula NR, Mancillas JW, Linkov I, McDonagh JA (2015) Risk management is not enough: a conceptual model for resilience and adaptation-based vulnerability assessments. Environ Syst Decsis. doi:10.1007/s10669-015-9552-7
The World Bank (2014) Urban resilience and disaster risk management. http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/brief/urban-resilience-disaster-risk-management
Thompson J (2013) The Coastal Community Resilience Index. http://seagrant.noaa.gov/News/FeatureStories/TabId/268/ArtMID/715/ArticleID/49/The-Coastal-Community-Resilience-Index.aspx
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (2014) 2014 USDA climate change adaptation plan. http://www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change/adaptation/adaptation_plan.htm
US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) (2015) Mission and vision. Accessed 2015. http://www.usace.army.mil/About/MissionandVision.aspx
US Army Environmental Command (AEC) (2015) USAEC mission and vision. Accessed 2015. http://aec.army.mil/AboutAEC/MissionVision.aspx
US Department of Transportation (DOT) (2012) Climate adaptation plan. http://www.dot.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/docs/DOT%20Adaptation%20Plan.pdf
US Economic Development Administration (EDA) (2015) About EDA. Accessed 2015. http://www.eda.gov/about/
US General Services Administration (GSA) (2015) FY 2011–2016 Strategic sustainability performance plan. Accessed 2015. http://www.gsa.gov/graphics/ogp/SSPP.pdf
World Health Organization (WHO) (2015) Strengthening health resilience to climate change. Accessed 2015. http://www.who.int/phe/climate/conference_briefing_1_healthresilience_27aug.pdf
