Bauxite residue issues: III. Alkalinity and associated chemistry

Hydrometallurgy - Tập 108 Số 1-2 - Trang 60-79 - 2011
Markus Gräfe1, Greg Power1, C. Klauber1
1CSIRO Process Science and Engineering (Parker CRC), Light Metals National Research Flagship, PO Box 7229, Karawara WA 6152, Australia

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Alp, 2003, The effects of the additives, calcination and leach conditions for alumina production from red mud, Scand. J. Metall., 32, 301, 10.1111/j.1600-0692.2003.00656.x

Alp, 2003, The influence of soda additive on the thermal properties of red mud, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 73, 201, 10.1023/A:1025197927673

Amano, 1992

Anderson, 2008, Implementing seawater neutralisation at Gove, 301

Anon, 1967

Anon, 1970

Anon, 1972

Atasoy, 2005, An investigation on characterization and thermal analysis of the Aughinish red mud, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 81, 357, 10.1007/s10973-005-0792-5

Atasoy, 2007, The comparison of the Bayer process wastes on the base of chemical and physical properties, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 90, 153, 10.1007/s10973-005-7671-y

Atun, 2000, A study of surface properties of red mud by potentiometric method, J. Colliod Interface Sci., 228, 40, 10.1006/jcis.2000.6926

Atun, 2003, Adsorption of carminic acid, a dye onto glass powder, Chem. Eng. J., 95, 241, 10.1016/S1385-8947(03)00110-4

Bardossy, 1990

Batley, 2003

Cablik, 2007, Characterization and applications of red mud from bauxite processing, Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi-Mineral Resources Management, 23, 27

Carter, 2008, Characterization of untreated and neutralized bauxite residue for improved waste management, Environ. Eng. Sci., 25, 475, 10.1089/ees.2006.0234

Castaldi, 2008, XRD, FTIR and thermal analysis of bauxite ore-processing waste (red mud) exchanged with heavy metals, Clays Clay Miner., 56, 461, 10.1346/CCMN.2008.0560407

Chevdov, 2001, Surface properties of red mud particles from potentiometric titration, Colloids Surf., A, 182, 131, 10.1016/S0927-7757(00)00814-1

Cooling, 2007, Improving the sustainability of residue management practices — Alcoa World Alumina Australia, 3

Cooling, 2002, Carbonation of bauxite residue, 185

Cooper, 1995, An investigation of radionuclide uptake into food crops grown in soils treated with bauxite mining residues, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 194, 379, 10.1007/BF02038437

Courtney, 2004, Nutrient status of vegetation grown in alkaline bauxite processing residue amended with gypsum and thermally dried sewage sludge — a two year field study, Plant Soil, 266, 187

Courtney, 2005, Reclamation of fine fraction bauxite processing residue (red mud) amended with coarse fraction residue and gypsum, Water Air Soil Pollut., 164, 91, 10.1007/s11270-005-2251-0

Ercag, 1997, Furnace smelting and extractive metallurgy of red mud: recovery of TiO2, Al2O3 and pig iron, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 70, 241, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199711)70:3<241::AID-JCTB769>3.0.CO;2-X

Fawell, 2002, Adsorption of polyacrylates on hematite: in situ examination by FTIR-ATR at high and low pH, 301

Fois, 2007, Sulfur dioxide absorption in a bubbling reactor with suspensions of Bayer red mud, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 46, 6770, 10.1021/ie0616904

Fuller, 1982, Reclamation of red mud (bauxite residues) using alkaline-tolerant grasses with organic amendments, J. Environ. Qual., 11, 533, 10.2134/jeq1982.00472425001100030040x

Garau, 2007, Influence of red mud, zeolite and lime on heavy metal immobilization, culturable heterotrophic microbial populations and enzyme activities in a contaminated soil, Geoderma, 142, 47, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.07.011

Gee, 1986, Particle-size analysis, 383

Goldstein, 1999, Trace element partitioning and bioavailability in red mud synthetic freshwater sentiment, 19

Gräfe, 2011, Bauxite residue issues: IV. Old obstacles and new pathways for in situ residue bioremediation, Hydrometallurgy, 108, 46, 10.1016/j.hydromet.2011.02.005

Graham, 1992, Red mud management at QAL

Greenberg, 1965, Investigation of the colloidal hydrated calcium silicates. II. Solubility relationships in the calcium oxide–silica–water system at 25°C, J. Phys. Chem., 69, 182, 10.1021/j100885a027

Greenberg, 1960, Investigation of colloidal hydrated calcium silicates. I. Solubility products, J. Phys. Chem., 64, 1151, 10.1021/j100838a012

Griffin, 1973, Estimation of acidity coefficients from the electrical conductivity of natural aquatic systems and soil extracts, Soil Sci., 116, 26, 10.1097/00010694-197307000-00005

Guilfoyle, 2005, Use of flue gas for carbonation of bauxite residue, 218

Gustafsson, 2006

Hamdy, 2001, Bacterial amelioration of bauxite residue waste of industrial alumina plants, J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 27, 228, 10.1038/sj.jim.7000181

Hanahan, 2004, Chemistry of seawater neutralization of bauxite refinery residues (red mud), Environ. Eng. Sci., 21, 125, 10.1089/109287504773087309

Hanawa, 1998, Amount of hydroxyl radical on calcium-ion implanted titanium and point of zero charge of constituent oxide of the surface-modified layer, J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Med., 9, 89, 10.1023/A:1008847014938

Helfferich, 1956, Kinetik des Ionenaustansches, Angew. Chem., 68, 693, 10.1002/ange.19560682203

Helfferich, 1962

Helfferich, 1962, Ion exchange kinetics. III. Experimental test of the theory of particle-diffusion controlled ion exchange, J. Phys. Chem., 66, 39, 10.1021/j100807a008

Helfferich, 1965, Ion exchange kinetics. V. Ion exchange accompanied by reactions, J. Phys. Chem., 69, 1178, 10.1021/j100888a015

Hirosue, 1980, Coagulation and dispersion of red mud and suspensions, Powder Technol., 27, 197, 10.1016/0032-5910(80)85022-4

Hu, 2003, Role of crystal structure in flotation separation of diaspore from kaolinite, pyrophyllite and illite, Min. Eng., 16, 219, 10.1016/S0892-6875(02)00368-0

Hudson, 1987, Alumina production, Crit. Rep. Appl. Chem., 20, 11

Iida, 1994

International Aluminium Institute, 2008

Ippolito, 2005, Amendment effects on pH and salt content of bauxite residue, Soil Sci., 170, 832, 10.1097/01.ss.0000190510.56545.8d

Ishikawa, 2001, 23

Jones, 2006, Carbon capture and the aluminium industry: preliminary studies, Environ. Chem., 3, 297, 10.1071/EN06018

Kainuma, 1979, Utilization of filter pressed bauxite residue, 107

Kasliwal, 1999, Enrichment of titanium dioxide in red mud: a kinetic study, Hydrometallurg, 53, 73, 10.1016/S0304-386X(99)00034-1

Khaitan, 2009, Chemistry of the acid neutralization capacity of bauxite residues, Environ. Eng. Sci., 26, 1

Khaitan, S., Dzombak, D.A., Lowry, G.V., 2009. Mechanisms of neutralization of bauxite residue by carbon dioxide. J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE 135 (6), 433–438.

Kirwan, 2004, An in situ FTIR-ATR study of polyacrylate adsorbed onto hematite at high pH and high ionic strength, Langmuir, 20, 4093, 10.1021/la036248u

Klauber, 2008, Proposed mechanism for the formation of dust horizons on bauxite residue disposal areas, 19

Klauber, 2011, Bauxite residue issues: II, Options for residue utilization. Hydrometallurgy, 108, 11, 10.1016/j.hydromet.2011.02.007

Kopittke, 2004, Gypsum solubility in seawater, and its application to bauxite residue amelioration, Aust. J. Soil Res., 42, 953, 10.1071/SR04034

Krishna, 2005, Aspergillus tubingensis reduces the pH of the bauxite residue (red mud) amended soils, Water Air Soil Pollut., 167, 201, 10.1007/s11270-005-0242-9

Kutle, 2004, Assessment of environmental condition in the waste disposal site of an ex-alumina plant near Obrovac, Croatia, X-Ray Spectrom., 33, 39, 10.1002/xrs.701

Leoni, 2002, Bauxite residue desulphurisation system (BRDS) at Eurallumina, 162

Li, 1998, Properties of red mud tailings produced under varying process conditions, J. Environ. Eng., 124, 254, 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1998)124:3(254)

Li, 1996, Effect of bauxite properties on the settling of red mud, Int. J. Miner. Process., 48, 169, 10.1016/S0301-7516(96)00024-5

Li, 2006, Phosphate removal from aqueous solutions using raw and activated red mud and fly ash, J. Hazard. Mater., 137, 374, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.02.011

Lin, 2004, Acid neutralising capacity of two different bauxite residues (red mud) and their potential applications for treating acid sulfate water and soils, Aust. J. Soil Res., 42, 649, 10.1071/SR03080

Liu, 2007, Adsorption removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by active red mud, J. Environ. Sci., 19, 1166, 10.1016/S1001-0742(07)60190-9

Liu, 2007, Characterization of red mud derived from a combined Bayer process and bauxite calcination method, J. Hazard. Mater., 146, 255, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.12.015

Lopez, 1998, Adsorbent properties of red mud and its use for wastewater treatment, Water Res., 32, 1314, 10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00326-6

Marion, 1976, Predicting specific conductance and salt concentration of dilute aqueous solutions, Soil Sci., 122, 181, 10.1097/00010694-197610000-00001

McBride, 1994

McPharlin, 1994, Phosphorus, nitrogen and radionuclide retention and leaching from a Joel Sand amended with red mud/gypsum, Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 25, 2925, 10.1080/00103629409369235

Meecham, 1977, Revegetation of alumina refinery wastes: 1. Properties and amelioration of the materials, Aust. J. Exp. Agric., 17, 679, 10.1071/EA9770679

Meecham, 1977, Revegetation of alumina refinery wastes: 2. Glasshouse experiments, Aust. J. Exp. Agric., 17, 689, 10.1071/EA9770689

Menzies, 2004, Seawater neutralization of alkaline bauxite residue and implications for revegetation, J. Environ. Qual., 33, 1877, 10.2134/jeq2004.1877

Newson, 2006, Effect of structure on the geotechnical properties of bauxite residue, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 132, 143, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:2(143)

Nikraz, 2007, Comparison of physical properties between treated and untreated bauxite residue mud, J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 19, 2, 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:1(2)

Ochsenkuhn-Petropoulou, 1996, Recovery of lanthanides and yttrium from red mud by selective leaching, Anal. Chim. Acta, 319, 249, 10.1016/0003-2670(95)00486-6

Pagano, 2002, Bauxite manufacturing residues from Gardanne (France) and Portovesme (Italy) exert different patterns of pollution and toxicity to sea urchin embryos, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 21, 1272, 10.1002/etc.5620210623

Palmer, 2009, Characterisation of bauxite and seawater neutralized bauxite residue using XRD and vibrational spectroscopic techniques, J. Mater. Sci., 44, 55, 10.1007/s10853-008-3123-y

Palmer, 2009, Hydrotalcites and their role in coordination of anions in Bayer liquors: anion binding in layered double hydroxides, Coord. Chem. Rev., 253, 250, 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.01.012

Palmer, 2009, Characterisation of red mud by UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy, Spectrochim. Acta A, 71A, 1814, 10.1016/j.saa.2008.06.038

Park, 2005, Improvement of red mud polymer-matrix nanocomposites by red mud surface treatment, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 284, 204, 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.09.074

Pinnock, 1991, Measurements of radioactivity and Jamaican building materials and gamma dose equivalents in a prototype red mud house, Health Phys., 61, 647, 10.1097/00004032-199111000-00009

Pohland, 1985, 11

Polcaro, 2000, Co-disposal of industrial wastes to obtain an inert material for environmental reclamation, Ann. Chim., 90, 103

Power, 2011, Bauxite residue issues: I. Current management, disposal and storage practices, Hydrometallurgy, 108, 33, 10.1016/j.hydromet.2011.02.006

Pradhan, 1996, Characterization of Indian red muds and recovery of their metal values, Light Met., 87

Prasad, 1997, Problems and prospects of red mud utilisation, Trans. Indian Inst. Met., 50, 427

Roach, 2001, Effect of particle characteristics on the solids density of Bayer mud slurries, 51

Roach, 2007, Method for reducing the calcia concentration of a green Bayer process liquor containing calcia and phosphate, comprises contacting the green Bayer process liquor with a quantity of apatite by inducing the precipitation of apatite, 46

Sayan, 2001, Statistical modelling of sulphuric acid leaching of TiO2, Fe2O3 and Al2O3 from red mud, Process Saf. Environ. Prot., 79, 291, 10.1205/095758201753189730

Sglavo, 2000, Bauxite ‘red mud’ in the ceramic industry. Part 1: thermal behaviour, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 20, 235, 10.1016/S0955-2219(99)00088-6

Shah, 1995, Upgradadtion of alumina refinery at Hindalco, Renukoot (India), 25

Smith, 2003, Reactions of carbon dioxide with tri-calcium aluminate, 1705

Snars, 2003, Effect of soil amendment with bauxite Bayer process residue (red mud) on the availability of phosphorus in very sandy soils, Aust. J. Soil Sci., 41, 1229, 10.1071/SR02140

Snars, 2004, The liming effect of bauxite processing residue (red mud) on sandy soils, Aust. J. Soil Res., 42, 321, 10.1071/SR03021

Snars, 2004, The effects of addition of bauxite red mud to soil on P uptake by plants, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 55, 25, 10.1071/AR03067

Somlai, 2008, Radiological aspects of the usability of red mud as building material additive, J. Hazard. Mater., 150, 541, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.05.004

Sparks, 2003

Sposito, 1984

Stumm, 1992

Stumm, 1981

Su, 1997, In situ infrared speciation of adsorbed carbonate of aluminum and iron oxides, Clays Clay Miner., 45, 814, 10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450605

Summers, 1996

Thomas, 2002, Capacity of clay seals to retain residue leachate, 233

Thornber, 1999, Caustic soda adsorption on Bayer residues, 498

Thornber, 1986, The mineralogical and chemical properties of red mud waste from the Western Australia alumina industry, 1

Thornber, 1992, The alkalinity of residues from Alcoa of Australia Limited's refineries of South-West Australia, 136

Vachon, 1994, Chemical and biological leaching of aluminum from red mud, Environ. Sci. Technol., 28, 26, 10.1021/es00050a005

Varnavas, 1986, Dispersion of bauxitic red mud in the Gulf-of-Corinth, Greece, Mar. Geol., 70, 211, 10.1016/0025-3227(86)90003-4

Venugopalan, 1986, Utilisation of red mud in India, 137

Vieillard, 1992, Thermodynamic and geochemical modelling of the alteration of two cement matrices, Appl. Geochem., 125, 10.1016/S0883-2927(09)80068-1

von Philipsborn, 1992, Gamma-spectrometric characterization of industrially used African and Australian bauxites and their red mud tailings, Radiat. Prot. Dosim., 45, 741, 10.1093/rpd/45.1-4.741

Watts, 1953, Volumetric analysis of sodium aluminate solutions: determination of carbonate, hydroxide and alumina, Anal. Chem., 25, 864, 10.1021/ac60078a005

Watts, 1956, Sodium glauconate as a complexing agent in the volumetric analysis of aluminium compounds, Anal. Chem., 28, 1731, 10.1021/ac60119a025

Wehr, 2006, Revegetation strategies for bauxite refinery residue: a case study of Alcan Gove in Northern Territory, Aust. Environ. Manage., 37, 297, 10.1007/s00267-004-0385-2

Whittington, 1996, The chemistry of CaO and Ca(OH)2 relating to the Bayer process, Hydrometallurgy, 43, 13, 10.1016/0304-386X(96)00009-6

Whittington, 1998, The effect of reaction conditions on the composition of desilication product (DSP) formed under simulated Bayer conditions, Hydrometallurgy, 49, 1, 10.1016/S0304-386X(98)00021-8

Williams, 1982, Induction of biological activity in bauxite residue, 249

Wong, 1988, Neutralization and cation dissolution characteristics of bauxite refining residue, 247

Wong, 1991, Effects of gypsum and sewage-sludge amendment on physical-properties of fine bauxite refining residue, Soil Sci., 152, 326, 10.1097/00010694-199111000-00003

Wong, 1992, Viable technique for direct revegetation of fine bauxite refining residue, 258

Wong, 1993, Use of waste gypsum in the revegetation on red mud deposits — a greenhouse study, Waste Manage. Res., 11, 249, 10.1177/0734242X9301100306

Wong, 1994, Sewage-sludge as organic ameliorant for revegetation of fine bauxite refining residue, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 11, 297, 10.1016/0921-3449(94)90097-3

Wong, 1994, Effectiveness of acidic industrial-wastes for reclaiming fine bauxite refining residue (red mud), Soil Sci., 158, 115, 10.1097/00010694-199408000-00005

Woodard, 2008, Ameliorating caustic properties of aluminum extraction residue to establish a vegetative cover, J. Environ. Sci. Health. Part A Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng., 43, 1157, 10.1080/10934520802171659

Xenidis, 2005, Modifying alumina red mud to support a revegetation cover, J. Met., 57, 42

Xiang, 2001, Low-temperature reduction of ferric iron in red mud, 157

Yang, 2007

Yong, 1986, Process technology and properties of red mud, 31

1996

Zhang, 2001, Engineering geological properties and comprehensive utilization of the solid waste (red mud) in aluminium industry, Environ. Geol., 41, 249, 10.1007/s002540100399

Zhang, 2008, Surface charge properties of red mud particles generated from Chinese diaspore bauxite, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 18, 1285, 10.1016/S1003-6326(08)60218-6

Zouboulis, 1993, Use of red mud for toxic metals removal — the case of nickel, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 58, 95, 10.1002/jctb.280580114