Baixo peso ao nascer e obesidade: associação causal ou casual?

Halfon, 2014, Lifecourse health development: past, present, and future, Matern Child Health J., 18, 344, 10.1007/s10995-013-1346-2 Gluckman, 2008, Effect of in utero and early‐life conditions on adult health and disease, N Engl J Med., 359, 61, 10.1056/NEJMra0708473 Gluckman, 2007, Early life events and their consequences for later disease: a life history and evolutionary perspective, Am J Hum Biol., 19, 1, 10.1002/ajhb.20590 Desai, 2011, Fetal programming of adipose tissue: effects of intrauterine growth restriction and maternal obesity/high‐fat diet, Semin Reprod Med., 29, 237, 10.1055/s-0031-1275517 Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Análise de Situação em Saúde, 2006 Suhag, 2013, Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): etiology and diagnosis, Curr Obstet Gynecol Rep., 2, 102, 10.1007/s13669-013-0041-z Symonds, 2013, Early life nutritional programming of obesity: mother‐child cohort studies, Ann Nutr Metab., 62, 137, 10.1159/000345598 Unicef [página na Internet]. Low birthweight [acessado em 19 de julho de 2014]. Disponível em: http://www.data.unicef.org/nutrition/low‐birthweight World Health Organization [página na Internet]. Obesity and overweight [acessado em 19 de julho de 2014]. Disponível em: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/ Kermack, 1934, Death‐rates in Great Britain and Sweden: some general regularities and their significance, Lancet., 31, 698, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)92530-3 Kermack, 1934, Death‐rates in Great Britain and Sweden: expression of specific mortality rates as products of two factors, and some consequences thereof, J Hyg (Lond)., 4, 433, 10.1017/S0022172400043230 Walton, 1938, The maternal effects on growth and conformation in shire horse‐shetland pony crosses, Proc R Soc Lond B., 125, 311, 10.1098/rspb.1938.0029 Neel, 1962, Diabetes mellitus: a thrifty genotype rendered detrimental by progress?, Am J Hum Genet., 14, 353 Lumey, 2013, The Dutch Famine of 1944‐45 as a human laboratory: changes in the early life environment and adult health, 59 Forsdahl, 1977, Are poor living conditions in childhood and adolescence an important risk factor for arteriosclerotic heart disease?, Br J Prev Soc Med., 31, 91 Barker, 1991, The intrauterine origins of cardiovascular and obstructive lung disease in adult life. The Marc Daniels Lecture 1990, J R Coll Physicians Lond., 25, 129 Hales, 1991, Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64, BMJ, 303, 1019, 10.1136/bmj.303.6809.1019 Ong, 2006, Rapid infancy weight gain and subsequent obesity: systematic reviews and hopeful suggestions, Acta Pediatr., 95, 904, 10.1080/08035250600719754 Hofman, 2004, Premature birth and later insulin resistance, N Engl J Med., 351, 2179, 10.1056/NEJMoa042275 Ong, 2004, Birth weight, infant growth and insulin resistance, Eur J Endocrinol., 151, U131, 10.1530/eje.0.151U131 Boersma, 1997, Catch‐up growth, Endocr Rev., 18, 646, 10.1210/edrv.18.5.0313 Prader, 1963, Catch‐up growth following illness or starvation. An example of developmental canalization in man, J Pediatr., 62, 646, 10.1016/S0022-3476(63)80035-9 Djiane, 2008, Role of leptin during perinatal metabolic programming and obesity, J Physiol Pharmacol., 59, 55 Parlee, 2014, Maternal nutrition and risk of obesity in offspring: the Trojan horse of developmental plasticity, Biochim Bophysica Acta., 1842, 495, 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.07.007 Bertotto, 2012, Association between weight gain in the first year of life with excess weight and abdominal adiposity at preschol age, Rev Paul Pediatr., 30, 507, 10.1590/S0103-05822012000400008 Yeung, 2006, Postnatal growth, neurodevelopment and altered adiposity after preterm birth‐from a clinical nutrition perspective, Acta Pediatr., 95, 909, 10.1080/08035250600724507 Uthaya, 2005, Altered adiposity after extremely preterm birth, Pediatr Res., 57, 211, 10.1203/01.PDR.0000148284.58934.1C Ibáñez, 2006, Early development of adiposity and insulin resistance after catch‐up weight gain in small‐for‐gestational‐age, JCEM., 91, 2153, 10.1210/jc.2005-2778 Beltrand, 2009, Catch‐up growth following fetal growth restriction promotes rapid restoration of fat mass but without metabolic consequences at one year of age, PLoS One., 4, E5343, 10.1371/journal.pone.0005343 Thomas, 2012, The effect of preterm birth on adiposity and metabolic pathways and the implications for later life, Clin Lipidol., 7, 275, 10.2217/clp.12.32 Huxley, 2002, Unravelling the fetal origins hypothesis: is there really an inverse association between birthweight and subsequent blood pressure?, Lancet., 360, 659, 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09834-3 Gluckman, 2005, Environmental influences during development and their later consequences for health and disease: implications for the interpretation of empirical studies, Proc Biol Sci., 272, 671, 10.1098/rspb.2004.3001 Gluckman, 2004, The developmental origins of the metabolic syndrome, Trends Endocrinol Metab., 15, 183, 10.1016/j.tem.2004.03.002 Gluckman, 2005, Predictive adaptive responses and human evolution, Trends Ecol Evol., 20, 527, 10.1016/j.tree.2005.08.001 Wilcox, 2001, On the importance‐and the unimportance‐of birthweight, Int J Epidemiol., 30, 1233, 10.1093/ije/30.6.1233 Gilbert-Barness, 2010, Teratogenic causes of malformations, Ann Clin Lab Sci., 40, 99 Hornberger, 2006, Maternal diabetes and the fetal heart, Heart, 92, 1019, 10.1136/hrt.2005.083840 Vickers, 2005, Neonatal leptin treatment reverses developmental programming, Endocrinology, 146, 4211, 10.1210/en.2005-0581 Fu, 2009, Epigenetics: intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) modifies the histone code along the rat hepatic IGF‐1 gene, FASEB J, 23, 2438, 10.1096/fj.08-124768 Bogdarina, 2007, Epigenetic modification of the renin‐angiotensin system in the fetal programming of hypertension, Circ Res, 100, 520, 10.1161/01.RES.0000258855.60637.58 Leibowitz, 2006, Leptin secretion after a high‐fat meal in normal‐weight rats: strong predictor of long‐term body fat accrual on a high‐fat diet, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 290, E258, 10.1152/ajpendo.00609.2004 Pico, 2013, Perinatal programming of obesity: an introduction to the topic, Front Physiol., 4, 255, 10.3389/fphys.2013.00255 Hanson, 2011, Developmental plasticity and developmental origins of non‐communicable disease: theoretical considerations and epigenetic mechanisms, Prog Biophys Mol Biol., 106, 272, 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2010.12.008 Kehinde, 2013, Parental socioeconomic status and birth weight distribution of Nigerian term newborn babies, Niger J Paed., 40, 299 Perez-Pereira, 2013, Neurobehavioral development of preterm and full term children: biomedical and environmental influences, Early Hum Dev., 89, 401, 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.12.008 Addo, 2013, Maternal height and child growth patterns, J Pediatr., 163, 549, 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.02.002 Rotteveel, 2008, Infant and childhood growth patterns, insulin sensitivity, and blood pressure in prematurely born young adults, Pediatrics., 122, 313, 10.1542/peds.2007-2012