Babesiosis Vaccines: Lessons Learned, Challenges Ahead, and Future Glimpses

Trends in Parasitology - Tập 35 - Trang 622-635 - 2019
Vignesh Rathinasamy1, William A. Poole1, Reginaldo G. Bastos2, Carlos E. Suarez2,3, Brian M. Cooke1
1Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
2Program in Vector-Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
3Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, WSU, Pullman, WA, USA

Tài liệu tham khảo

Suarez, 2011, Emerging perspectives in the research of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis, Vet. Parasitol., 180, 109, 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.05.032 Krause, 2019, Human babesiosis, Int. J. Parasitol., 49, 165, 10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.11.007 Suarez, 2019, Unravelling the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of bovine babesiosis: is the sky the limit?, Int. J. Parasitol., 49, 183, 10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.11.002 Jiang, 2015, Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of 48 cases of Babesia venatorum infection in China: a descriptive study, Lancet Infect. Dis., 15, 196, 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)71046-1 Ord, 2015, Human babesiosis: pathogens, prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment, Curr. Clin. Microbiol. Rep., 2, 173, 10.1007/s40588-015-0025-z Cooke, 2005, Cellular adhesive phenomena in apicomplexan parasites of red blood cells, Vet. Parasitol., 132, 273, 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.07.002 Solano-Gallego, 2016, A review of canine babesiosis: the European perspective, Parasit. Vectors, 9, 336, 10.1186/s13071-016-1596-0 Uilenberg, 2006, Babesia – a historical overview, Vet. Parasitol., 138, 3, 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.01.035 Brown, 2006, Prospects for recombinant vaccines against Babesia bovis and related parasites, Parasite Immunol., 28, 315, 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2006.00849.x Goff, 2010, The bovine spleen: interactions among splenic cell populations in the innate immunologic control of hemoparasitic infections, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 138, 1, 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.07.006 Hein, 1991, Prominence of gamma delta T cells in the ruminant immune system, Immunol. Today, 12, 30, 10.1016/0167-5699(91)90109-7 Deroost, 2018, Gamma/delta T cells and their role in protection against malaria, Front. Immunol., 9, 2973, 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02973 Hajdusek, 2013, Interaction of the tick immune system with transmitted pathogens, Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 3, 26, 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00026 Schetters, 1995, Vaccines against babesiosis using soluble parasite antigens, Parasitol. Today, 11, 456, 10.1016/0169-4758(95)80059-X Timms, 1989, Development of babesial vaccines, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 83, 73, 10.1016/0035-9203(89)90608-1 Mahoney, 1967, Bovine babesiosis: the immunization of cattle with killed Babesia argentina, Exp. Parasitol., 20, 125, 10.1016/0014-4894(67)90030-6 Mahoney, 1976, Babesia argentina: immunization of cattle with a killed antigen against infection with a heterologous strain, Vet. Parasitol., 2, 273, 10.1016/0304-4017(76)90085-6 Sibinovic, 1967, Immunogenic properties of babesial serum antigens, J. Parasitol., 53, 1121, 10.2307/3276666 Montenegro-James, 1995, Development of conventional subunit vaccines for anaplasmosis and babesiosis, Vet. Parasitol., 57, 255, 10.1016/0304-4017(94)03124-F Smith, 1981, Bovine babesiosis: protection of cattle with culture-derived soluble Babesia bovis antigen, Science, 212, 335, 10.1126/science.7209532 Montenegro-James, 1989, Immunoprophylactic control of bovine babesiosis: role of exoantigens of Babesia, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 83, 85, 10.1016/0035-9203(89)90610-X Moreau, 1989, Vaccination against canine babesiosis: an overview of field observations, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 83, 95, 10.1016/0035-9203(89)90611-1 Valentin, 1993, Cellular and humoral immune responses induced in cattle by vaccination with Babesia divergens culture-derived exoantigens correlate with protection, Infect. Immun., 61, 734, 10.1128/IAI.61.2.734-741.1993 Zhao, 2002, Culture-derived Babesia orientalis exoantigens used as a vaccine against buffalo babesiosis, Parasitol. Res., 88, S38, 10.1007/s00436-001-0569-0 Timms, 1983, Babesia bovis: comparison of culture-derived parasites, non-living antigen and conventional vaccine in the protection of cattle against heterologous challenge, Aust. Vet. J., 60, 75, 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1983.tb05874.x Cockburn, 2018, Malaria prevention: from immunological concepts to effective vaccines and protective antibodies, Nat. Immunol., 19, 1199, 10.1038/s41590-018-0228-6 Fish, 2008, Vaccination of cattle against B. bovis infection with live attenuated parasites and non-viable immunogens, Vaccine, 26, G29, 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.09.070 Schetters, 2005, Vaccination against canine babesiosis, Trends Parasitol., 21, 179, 10.1016/j.pt.2005.02.006 Moreau, 1984, Antibabesial vaccination using antigens from cell culture fluids: industrial requirements, 129 Schetters, 1995, Strain variation limits protective activity of vaccines based on soluble Babesia canis antigens, Parasite Immunol., 17, 215, 10.1111/j.1365-3024.1995.tb00891.x Schetters, 2001, Vaccination of dogs against heterologous Babesia canis infection using antigens from culture supernatants, Vet. Parasitol., 100, 75, 10.1016/S0304-4017(01)00485-X Delbecq, 2006, Hydrophobic moeties in recombinant proteins are crucial to generate efficient saponin-based vaccine against apicomplexan Babesia divergens, Vaccine, 24, 613, 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.08.073 Hadj-Kaddour, 2007, Recombinant protein Bd37 protected gerbils against heterologous challenges with isolates of Babesia divergens polymorphic for the bd37 gene, Parasitology, 134, 187, 10.1017/S0031182006001399 Moubri, 2018, Discovery of a recombinant Babesia canis supernatant antigen that protects dogs against virulent challenge infection, Vet. Parasitol., 249, 21, 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.11.002 Di Pasquale, 2015, Vaccine adjuvants: from 1920 to 2015 and beyond, Vaccines (Basel), 3, 320, 10.3390/vaccines3020320 de la Fuente, 2015, Tick vaccines: current status and future directions, Expert Rev. Vaccines, 14, 1367, 10.1586/14760584.2015.1076339 Schetters, 2016, Cattle tick vaccine researchers join forces in CATVAC, Parasit. Vectors, 9, 105, 10.1186/s13071-016-1386-8 Hussein, 2015, Targeted silencing of the Aquaporin 2 gene of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus reduces tick fitness, Parasit. Vectors, 8, 618, 10.1186/s13071-015-1226-2 Rodriguez-Mallon, 2016, Developing anti-tick vaccines, Meth. Mol. Biol., 1404, 243, 10.1007/978-1-4939-3389-1_17 Cornillot, 2012, Sequencing of the smallest Apicomplexan genome from the human pathogen Babesia microti, Nucleic Acids Res., 40, 9102, 10.1093/nar/gks700 Cuesta, 2014, High-Quality draft genome sequence of Babesia divergens, the etiological agent of cattle and human babesiosis, Genome Announc., 2, e01194-14, 10.1128/genomeA.01194-14 Eichenberger, 2017, Genome-wide analysis of gene expression and protein secretion of Babesia canis during virulent infection identifies potential pathogenicity factors, Sci. Rep., 7, 3357, 10.1038/s41598-017-03445-x Gohil, 2013, Bioinformatic prediction of the exportome of Babesia bovis and identification of novel proteins in parasite-infected red blood cells, Int. J. Parasitol., 43, 409, 10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.01.002 Antunes, 2019, Transcriptome and proteome response of Rhipicephalus annulatus tick vector to Babesia bigemina infection, Front. Physiol., 10, 318, 10.3389/fphys.2019.00318 Cornillot, 2016, A targeted immunomic approach identifies diagnostic antigens in the human pathogen Babesia microti, Transfusion, 56, 2085, 10.1111/trf.13640 Magni, 2019, Analysis of the Babesia microti proteome in infected red blood cells by a combination of nanotechnology and mass spectrometry, Int. J. Parasitol., 49, 139, 10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.08.004 Silva, 2016, Genome-wide diversity and gene expression profiling of Babesia microti isolates identify polymorphic genes that mediate host–pathogen interactions, Sci. Rep., 6, 35284, 10.1038/srep35284 McWilliam, 2013, Local immune responses of the Chinese water buffalo, Bubalus bubalis, against Schistosoma japonicum larvae: crucial insights for vaccine design, PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 7, 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002460 Norimine, 2003, Infect. Immun., 71, 5021, 10.1128/IAI.71.9.5021-5032.2003 Flaxman, 2018, Methods for measuring T-Cell memory to vaccination: from mouse to man, Vaccines, 6, 43, 10.3390/vaccines6030043 Coakley, 2015, Exosomes and other extracellular vesicles: the new communicators in parasite infections, Trends Parasitol., 31, 477, 10.1016/j.pt.2015.06.009 Zhang, 2018, Exosomes in pathogen infections: a bridge to deliver molecules and link functions, Front. Immunol., 9, 90, 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00090 Marcilla, 2014, Extracellular vesicles in parasitic diseases, J. Extracell. Vesicles, 3, 25040, 10.3402/jev.v3.25040 Martin-Jaular, 2016, Spleen-dependent immune protection elicited by CpG adjuvanted reticulocyte-derived exosomes from malaria infection is associated with changes in T cell subsets’ distribution, Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 4, 131, 10.3389/fcell.2016.00131 Martin-Jaular, 2011, Exosomes from Plasmodium yoelii-infected reticulocytes protect mice from lethal infections, PLoS One, 6, 10.1371/journal.pone.0026588 Jalovecka, 2019, Babesia life cycle – when phylogeny meets biology, Trends Parasitol., 35, 356, 10.1016/j.pt.2019.01.007 Goncalves, 2016, Transmission-blocking strategies: the roadmap from laboratory bench to the community, Malar. J., 15, 95, 10.1186/s12936-016-1163-3 Alzan, 2019, Transgenic Babesia bovis lacking 6-Cys sexual-stage genes as the foundation for non-transmissible live vaccines against bovine babesiosis, Ticks Tick Borne Dis., 10, 722, 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.01.006 Hussein, 2017, The Babesia bovis hap2 gene is not required for blood stage replication, but expressed upon in vitro sexual stage induction, PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 11, 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005965 Bastos, 2013, Differential expression of three members of the multidomain adhesion CCp family in Babesia bigemina, Babesia bovis and Theileria equi, PLoS One, 8, 10.1371/journal.pone.0067765 Malkin, 2005, Phase 1 vaccine trial of Pvs25H: a transmission blocking vaccine for Plasmodium vivax malaria, Vaccine, 23, 3131, 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.12.019 Wu, 2008, Phase 1 trial of malaria transmission blocking vaccine candidates Pfs25 and Pvs25 formulated with montanide ISA 51, PLoS One, 3, 10.1371/journal.pone.0002636 de Waal, 2006, Live vaccines against bovine babesiosis, Vet. Parasitol., 138, 88, 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.01.042 Callow, 1997, Development of effective living vaccines against bovine babesiosis – the longest field trial?, Int. J. Parasitol., 27, 747, 10.1016/S0020-7519(97)00034-9 Florin-Christensen, 2014, Vaccines against bovine babesiosis: where we are now and possible roads ahead, Parasitology, 141, 1563, 10.1017/S0031182014000961 Wright, 1983, Babesia bovis: isolation of a protective antigen by using monoclonal antibodies, Infect. Immun., 41, 244, 10.1128/IAI.41.1.244-250.1983 Wright, 1992, The development of a recombinant Babesia vaccine, Vet. Parasitol., 44, 3, 10.1016/0304-4017(92)90138-Y Hope, 2005, Potential for recombinant Babesia bovis antigens to protect against a highly virulent isolate, Parasite Immunol., 27, 439, 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2005.00795.x Mosqueda, 2002, Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 2 proteins are expressed on the merozoite and sporozoite surface, and specific antibodies inhibit attachment and invasion of erythrocytes, Infect. Immun., 70, 6448, 10.1128/IAI.70.11.6448-6455.2002 Antonio Alvarez, 2010, Immunization of Bos taurus steers with Babesia bovis recombinant antigens MSA-1, MSA-2c and 12D3, Transbound. Emerg. Dis., 57, 87, 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2010.01117.x Leroith, 2005, Sequence variation and immunologic cross-reactivity among Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 1 proteins from vaccine strains and vaccine breakthrough isolates, Infect. Immun., 73, 5388, 10.1128/IAI.73.9.5388-5394.2005 Goff, 1988, Identification of Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigens by using immune bovine sera and monoclonal antibodies, Infect. Immun., 56, 2363, 10.1128/IAI.56.9.2363-2368.1988 Suarez, 1993, Immunogenic B-cell epitopes of Babesia bovis rhoptry-associated protein 1 are distinct from sequences conserved between species, Infect. Immun., 61, 3511, 10.1128/IAI.61.8.3511-3517.1993 Commins, 1985, Proteinases in the lysate of bovine erythrocytes infected with Babesia bovis: initial vaccination studies, Int. J. Parasitol., 15, 491, 10.1016/0020-7519(85)90042-6 McElwain, 1991, Molecular characterization and immunogenicity of neutralization-sensitive Babesia bigemina merozoite surface proteins, Mol. Biochem. Parasitol., 47, 213, 10.1016/0166-6851(91)90181-5 Suarez, 2011, A novel neutralization sensitive and subdominant RAP-1-related antigen (RRA) is expressed by Babesia bovis merozoites, Parasitology, 138, 809, 10.1017/S0031182011000321 Rosano, 2014, Recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli: advances and challenges, Front. Microbiol., 5, 172, 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00172 Li, 2002, Role of disulfide bonds in regulating antigen processing and epitope selection, J. Immunol., 169, 2444, 10.4049/jimmunol.169.5.2444 Hensmann, 2004, Disulfide bonds in merozoite surface protein 1 of the malaria parasite impede efficient antigen processing and affect the in vivo antibody response, Eur. J. Immunol., 34, 639, 10.1002/eji.200324514 Bushkin, 2010, Suggestive evidence for Darwinian Selection against asparagine-linked glycans of Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii, Eukaryot. Cell, 9, 228, 10.1128/EC.00197-09 Goddard-Borger, 2018, Implications of Plasmodium glycosylation on vaccine efficacy and design, Future Microbiol, 13, 609, 10.2217/fmb-2017-0284 Mahla, 2013, Sweeten PAMPs: role of sugar complexed PAMPs in innate immunity and vaccine biology, Front. Immunol., 4, 248, 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00248 Marciani, 2018, Elucidating the mechanisms of action of saponin-derived adjuvants, Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 39, 573, 10.1016/j.tips.2018.03.005 den Brok, 2016, Saponin-based adjuvants induce cross-presentation in dendritic cells by intracellular lipid body formation, Nat. Commun., 7, 13324, 10.1038/ncomms13324 Garcia, 2016, An updated review of ISCOMSTM and ISCOMATRIXTM vaccines, Curr. Pharm. Des., 22, 6294, 10.2174/1381612822666160915161302 Morelli, 2012, ISCOMATRIX: a novel adjuvant for use in prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against infectious diseases, J. Med. Microbiol., 61, 935, 10.1099/jmm.0.040857-0 Mahoney, 1981, Bovine babesiosis: the immunization of cattle with fractions of erythrocytes infected with Babesia bovis (syn B. argentina), Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 2, 145, 10.1016/0165-2427(81)90046-5 Goodger, 1984, Babesia bovis: vaccination of cattle against heterologous challenge with fractions of lysate from infected erythrocytes, Z. Parasitenkd., 70, 321, 10.1007/BF00927818 Goodger, 1985, Babesia bovis: successful vaccination against homologous challenge in splenectomised calves using a fraction of haemagglutinating antigen, Int. J. Parasitol., 15, 175, 10.1016/0020-7519(85)90084-0 Timms, 1984, Immune responses of cattle following vaccination with living and non-living Babesia bovis antigens, Vet. Parasitol., 16, 243, 10.1016/0304-4017(84)90042-6 Montenegro-James, 1985, Heterologous strain immunity in bovine babesiosis using a culture-derived soluble Babesia bovis immunogen, Vet. Parasitol., 18, 321, 10.1016/0304-4017(85)90067-6 Montenegro-James, 1987, Bovine babesiosis: induction of protective immunity with culture-derived Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina immunogens, Parasitol. Res., 74, 142, 10.1007/BF00536025 Montenegro-James, 1992, Immunization of cattle with an inactivated polyvalent vaccine against anaplasmosis and babesiosis, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 653, 112, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb19634.x Patarroyo, 1995, Exoantigens of an attenuated strain of Babesia bovis used as a vaccine against bovine babesiosis, Vet. Parasitol., 59, 189, 10.1016/0304-4017(94)00756-3 Schetters, 1997, Vaccination of dogs against Babesia canis infection, Vet. Parasitol., 73, 35, 10.1016/S0304-4017(97)00044-7 Wright, 1985, Protective vaccination against virulent Babesia bovis with a low-molecular-weight antigen, Infect. Immun., 48, 109, 10.1128/IAI.48.1.109-113.1985 Waltisbuhl, 1987, Babesia bovis: vaccination studies with three groups of high molecular weight antigens from lysate of infected erythrocytes, Parasitol. Res., 73, 319, 10.1007/BF00531085 Goodger, 1992, Babesia bovis: analysis of and preliminary vaccination studies with a defined infected erythrocyte membrane binding antigen, Int. J. Parasitol., 22, 533, 10.1016/0020-7519(92)90156-F Timms, 1988, Failure of a recombinant Babesia bovis antigen to protect cattle against heterologous strain challenge, Res. Vet. Sci., 45, 267, 10.1016/S0034-5288(18)30947-0 Hines, 1995, Immunization of cattle with recombinant Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen-1, Infect. Immun., 63, 349, 10.1128/IAI.63.1.349-352.1995 East, 1997, Vaccination against Babesia bovis: T cells from protected and unprotected animals show different cytokine profiles, Int. J. Parasitol., 27, 1537, 10.1016/S0020-7519(97)00141-0 Munkhjargal, 2016, Identification and characterization of profilin antigen among Babesia species as a common vaccine candidate against babesiosis, Exp. Parasitol., 166, 29, 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.03.024 Man, 2017, Evaluation of a major surface antigen of Babesia microti merozoites as a vaccine candidate against Babesia infection, Front. Microbiol., 8, 2545, 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02545