BIOMECHANICAL AND MOLECULAR REGULATION OF BONE REMODELING

Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering - Tập 8 Số 1 - Trang 455-498 - 2006
Alexander G. Robling1, Khalid S. Mohammad1, Charles H. Turner1
1Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 2Biomedical Engineering, and 3Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202;

Tóm tắt

Bone is a dynamic tissue that is constantly renewed. The cell populations that participate in this process—the osteoblasts and osteoclasts—are derived from different progenitor pools that are under distinct molecular control mechanisms. Together, these cells form temporary anatomical structures, called basic multicellular units, that execute bone remodeling. A number of stimuli affect bone turnover, including hormones, cytokines, and mechanical stimuli. All of these factors affect the amount and quality of the tissue produced. Mechanical loading is a particularly potent stimulus for bone cells, which improves bone strength and inhibits bone loss with age. Like other materials, bone accumulates damage from loading, but, unlike engineering materials, bone is capable of self-repair. The molecular mechanisms by which bone adapts to loading and repairs damage are starting to become clear. Many of these processes have implications for bone health, disease, and the feasibility of living in weightless environments (e.g., spaceflight).

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Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering

Tập 8 Số 1

455-498

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