Azimuthal sensitivity of rat pinna reflex: EMG recordings from cervicoauricular muscles

Hearing Research - Tập 100 - Trang 192-200 - 1996
Liang Li1, Barrie J. Frost1
1Visual and Auditory Neurosciences Laboratory, Psychology Department, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. K7L 3N6, Canada

Tài liệu tham khảo

Aitkin, 1975, Responses of single units in cerebellar vermis of the cat to monaural and binaural stimuli, J. Neurophysiol., 38, 418, 10.1152/jn.1975.38.2.418 Aitkin, 1978, Acoustic input to the lateral pontine nuclei, Hear. Res., 1, 67, 10.1016/0378-5955(78)90010-2 Aitkin, 1983, Frontal sound source location is represented in the cat cerebellum, Brain Res., 265, 317, 10.1016/0006-8993(83)90349-9 Boulis, 1989, Footshock-induced sensitization of electrically elicited startle reflexes, Behav. Neurosci., 103, 504, 10.1037/0735-7044.103.3.504 Brugge, 1969, Sensitivity of single neurons in auditory cortex of cat to binaural tonal stimulation: effects of varying interaural time and intensity, J. Neurophysiol., 32, 1005, 10.1152/jn.1969.32.6.1005 Caeser, 1989, Startle responses measured in muscles innervated by facial and trigeminal nerves show common modulation, Behav. Neurosci., 103, 1075, 10.1037/0735-7044.103.5.1075 Caird, 1987, Process of interaural time and intensity differences in the cat inferior colliculus, Exp. Brain Res., 68, 379, 10.1007/BF00248803 Calford, 1984, Frequency dependence of directional amplification at the cat's pinna, Hear. Res., 14, 13, 10.1016/0378-5955(84)90064-9 Cassella, 1986, Habituation, prepulse inhibition, fear conditioning, and drug modulation of the acoustically elicited pinna reflex in rats, Behav. Neurosci., 100, 39, 10.1037/0735-7044.100.1.39 Cassella, 1986, Fear conditioning, prepulse inhibition and drug modulation of a short latency startle response measured electromyographically from neck muscles in the rat, Physiol. Behav., 36, 1187, 10.1016/0031-9384(86)90499-3 Chen, 1995, Sound pressure transformation at the pinna of Mus domesticus, J. Exp. Biol., 198, 2007, 10.1242/jeb.198.9.2007 Davis, 1978, Conditioned fear and startle magnitude: effects of different footshock or backshock intensities used in training, J. Exp. Psychol. (Anim. Behav.), 4, 95, 10.1037/0097-7403.4.2.95 Davis, 1977, Plasticity of the acoustic startle response in the acutely decerebrate rat, J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol., 91, 549, 10.1037/h0077345 Davis, 1982, A primary acoustic startle circuit: lesion and stimulation studies, J. Neurosci., 2, 791, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.02-06-00791.1982 Davis, 1986, Differential effects of dopamine agonists on acoustically and electrically elicited startle responses: comparison to effects of strychnine, Brain Res., 371, 58, 10.1016/0006-8993(86)90810-3 Evans, 1979, Miller's Anatomy of the Dog, 282 Fox, 1979, Habituation and prestimulus inhibition of the auditory startle reflex in decerebrate rats, Physiol. Behav., 23, 291, 10.1016/0031-9384(79)90370-6 Friauf, 1986, Morphology of motorneurons in different subdivisions of the rat facial nucleus stained intracellularly with horseradish peroxidase, J. Comp. Neurol., 253, 231, 10.1002/cne.902530209 Friauf, 1985, Topographic organization of facial motorneurons to individual pinna muscles in rat (Rattus arattus) and bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus), J. Comp. Neurol., 240, 161, 10.1002/cne.902400206 Grofova, 1991, Descending brainstem projections of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus in the rat, Anal. Embryol. (Berl.), 184, 275, 10.1007/BF01673262 Hafter, 1990, The combination of interaural time and intensity in the lateralization of high-frequency complex signals, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 87, 1702, 10.1121/1.399418 Hall, 1965, Binaural interaction in the accessory superior-olivary nucleus of the cat, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 37, 814, 10.1121/1.1909447 Hammond, 1973, Lesions of the pontine and medullary reticular formation and prestimulus inhibition of the acoustic startle reaction in rats, Physiol. Behav., 10, 239, 10.1016/0031-9384(73)90304-1 Hammond, 1972, Effects of prestimulation on the electromyographic response associated with the acoustic startle reaction in rats, Physiol. Behav., 8, 535, 10.1016/0031-9384(72)90341-1 Henkel, 1981, Afferent sources of a lateral midbrain tegmental zone associated with the pinnae in the cat as mapped by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase, J. Comp. Neurol., 203, 213, 10.1002/cne.902030205 Henkel, 1978, The superior colliculus control of pinna movements in the cat: possible anatomical connections, J. Comp. Neurol., 182, 763, 10.1002/cne.901820502 Henkel, 1979, Segregated origins for superior collicular projections based on their intended target structures, Neurosci. Lett. Suppl., 5, 337 Hebel, 1976 Highstein, 1968, Responses of the cerebellar vermis to binaural auditory stimulation, Brain Res., 10, 470, 10.1016/0006-8993(68)90219-9 Hinrichsen, 1984, The facial nucleus of the rat: representation of facial muscles revealed by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase, Anal. Rec., 209, 407, 10.1002/ar.1092090321 Horlington, 1968, A method for measuring acoustic startle response latency and magnitude in rats: detection of a single stimulus effect using latency measurements, Physiol. Behav., 3, 839, 10.1016/0031-9384(68)90164-9 Irvine, 1986, The auditory brainstem, Vol. 7 Irvine, 1995, Responses of neurons in the inferior colliculus of the rat to interaural time and intensity differences in transient stimuli: implications for the latency hypothesis, Hear. Res., 85, 127, 10.1016/0378-5955(95)00040-B Isokawa-Akesson, 1987, Difference in projections to the lateral and medial facial nucleus: anatomically separate pathways for rhythmical vibrissa movement in rats, Exp. Brain Res., 65, 385, 10.1007/BF00236312 Jeffress, 1948, A place theory of sound localization, J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol., 41, 35, 10.1037/h0061495 Jones, 1985, The efferent projections from the reticular formation and the locus coeruleus studies by anterograde and retrograde axonal transport in the rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 242, 56, 10.1002/cne.902420105 Kandler, 1991, Auditory projections from the cochlear nucleus to pontine and mesencephalic reticular nuclei in the rat, Brain Res., 562, 230, 10.1016/0006-8993(91)90626-7 Kitzes, 1980, Pattern of responses of cortical cells to binaural stimulation, J. Comp. Neurol., 192, 455, 10.1002/cne.901920306 Klepper, 1992, Anatomical connections of the ventrolateral tegmental nucleus in the rat, Eur. J. Neurosci. (Suppl.), 5, 2275 Knudsen, 1983, Subdivisions of the inferior colliculus in the barn owl (Tyto alba), J. Comp. Neurol., 218, 174, 10.1002/cne.902180205 Koch, 1992, Loss of the acoustic startle response following neurotoxic lesions of the caudal pontine reticular formation: possible role of giant neurons, Neuroscience, 496, 17 Koch, 1993, Cholinergic neurons in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus are involved in the mediation of prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response in the rat, Ex[. Brain Res., 97, 71 Leitner, 1980, The neuronal substrate of the startle response, Physiol. Behav., 25, 291, 10.1016/0031-9384(80)90219-X Lingenhohl, 1992, Giant neurons in the caudal pontine reticular formation receive short latency acoustic input: an intracellular recording and HRP-study in the rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 325, 473, 10.1002/cne.903250403 Lingenhohl, 1994, Giant neurons in the rat reticular formation: a sensorimotor interface in the elementary acoustic startle circuit?, J. Neurosci., 14, 1176, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-03-01176.1994 Miserendino, 1993, NMDA and non-NMDA antagonists infused into the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis depress the acoustic startle reflex, Brain Res., 623, 215, 10.1016/0006-8993(93)91430-Z Panneton, 1983, Brainstem projections to the facial nucleus of the opossum: a study using axonal transport techniques, Brain Res., 267, 19, 10.1016/0006-8993(83)91036-3 Pellet, 1990, Neural organization in the brainstem circuit mediating the primary acoustic head startle: an electrophysiological study in the rat, Physiol. Behav., 48, 727, 10.1016/0031-9384(90)90218-S Pellet, 1983, Harmaline effects on the sensory-motor reactivity: modification of the acoustic startle pattern, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 19, 527, 10.1016/0091-3057(83)90130-2 Phillips, 1982, Directionality of sound pressure transformation at the cat's pinna, Hear. Res., 8, 13, 10.1016/0378-5955(82)90031-4 Pilz, 1988, Comparative threshold studies of the acoustic pinna, jaw and startle reflex in the rat, Physiol. Behav., 43, 411, 10.1016/0031-9384(88)90112-6 Pollak, 1988, Time is traded for intensity in the bat's auditory system, Hear. Res., 36, 107, 10.1016/0378-5955(88)90054-8 Prosser, 1936, The extinction of startle responses and spinal reflexes in the white rat, Am. J. Physiol., 117, 609, 10.1152/ajplegacy.1936.117.4.609 Siegel, 1977, Pontine reticular formation neurons: relationship of discharge to motor activity, Science, 196, 678, 10.1126/science.193185 Siegel, 1983, Behavioral organization of reticular formation: studies in the unrestrained cat. I. Cells related to axial, limb, eye and other movements, J. Neurophysiol., 50, 696, 10.1152/jn.1983.50.3.696 Takahashi, 1989, Role of commissural projections in the representation of bilateral auditory space in the barn owl's inferior colliculus, J. Comp. Neurol., 281, 545, 10.1002/cne.902810405 Takeuchi, 1979, Mesencephalic and pontine afferent fiber system to the facial nucleus in the cat: a study using the horseradish peroxidase and silver impregnation techniques, Exp. Neurol., 66, 330, 10.1016/0014-4886(79)90084-0 Travers, 1983, Afferent projections to the oral motor nuclei in the rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 220, 280, 10.1002/cne.902200303 Tsai, 1993, Studies of the motorneurons following the injection of horseradish peroxidase into the peripheral branches of the facial nerve in rats, Acta Anat. (Basel), 148, 42, 10.1159/000147521 Wagner, 1987, Representation of interaural time difference in the central nucleus of the barn owl's inferior colliculus, J. Neurosci., 7, 3105, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.07-10-03105.1987 Watson, 1982, Organization of the facial nucleus in the rat, Brain Behav. Evol., 20, 19, 10.1159/000121578 Wu, 1988, Anatomical distribution and response patterns of reticular neurons active in relation to acoustic startle, Brain Res., 457, 399, 10.1016/0006-8993(88)90716-0 Yeomans, 1989, Doublepulse stimulation of startle-like responses in rats: refractory periods and temporal summation, Brain Res., 486, 147, 10.1016/0006-8993(89)91287-0 Yin, 1984, Interaural time sensitivity of high frequency neurons in the inferior colliculus, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 76, 1401, 10.1121/1.391457 Yin, 1985, Responses of neurons in the cat's superior colliculus to acoustic stimuli. II. A modal of interaural intensity sensitivity, J. Neurophysiol., 53, 746, 10.1152/jn.1985.53.3.746