Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Tự kỷ và Khuyết tật Trí tuệ: Một Tổng quan Có hệ thống về Giáo dục Tình dục và Quan hệ
Tóm tắt
Những cá nhân mắc rối loạn phát triển thần kinh, bao gồm Tự kỷ (ASD) và khuyết tật trí tuệ (ID), có quyền và nhu cầu về giáo dục tình dục và quan hệ (SRE) phù hợp. Những cá nhân này thường có những ham muốn tương tự như những người phát triển bình thường trong việc bộc lộ bản sắc tình dục và hình thành các mối quan hệ thân mật; và có thể có nguy cơ cao hơn về việc bị khai thác và lạm dụng tình dục. Mặc dù có nhiều tài liệu được khuyến nghị để dạy SRE cho các nhóm này, nhưng còn thiếu sự đánh giá thực nghiệm về việc này. Một cuộc tổng quan hệ thống đã được tiến hành trên các bài báo đã được bình duyệt được công bố bằng tiếng Anh từ năm 1980 đến tháng 3 năm 2018 để xác định các chương trình SRE đã được đánh giá thực nghiệm, làm nổi bật nội dung, phương pháp cung cấp, hiệu quả trong việc thay đổi kiến thức và kết quả hành vi, cùng với những hạn chế. Có ba mươi ba nghiên cứu đã được giữ lại để đưa vào, trong đó đánh giá định lượng các can thiệp SRE được cung cấp cho những cá nhân được chẩn đoán mắc ID (khoảng 63%) và ASD. Hầu hết các nghiên cứu đã đánh giá các chương trình độc lập xuất phát từ nhiều nguồn khác nhau trong tài liệu SRE rộng hơn. Chúng tập trung nhiều hơn vào nội dung sinh học (ví dụ: giải phẫu, tuổi dậy thì, sinh sản) và tự nhận thức / an toàn (ví dụ: ranh giới, sự khẳng định, quyền riêng tư) hơn là bản sắc tình dục cá nhân (ví dụ: xu hướng tình dục, thủ dâm) và các mối quan hệ (ví dụ: hẹn hò, cảm xúc, nuôi dạy con cái). Hầu hết các chương trình đã cải thiện kết quả, tuy nhiên chất lượng tổng thể của các nghiên cứu được đưa vào là kém. Những hạn chế bao gồm việc mô tả ít ỏi về các mô hình lý thuyết và đạo đức trong các chương trình và việc sử dụng các thước đo kết quả chưa được xác thực. Các khuyến nghị cho nghiên cứu trong tương lai và các tác động lâm sàng được thảo luận.
Từ khóa
#Tự kỷ #Khuyết tật trí tuệ #Giáo dục tình dục #Quan hệ #Nghiên cứu tổng quan hệ thốngTài liệu tham khảo
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