Auditory Brain Stem Response to Complex Sounds: A Tutorial

Abel, 2009, Sensitive response to low-frequency cochlear distortion products in the auditory midbrain., J Neurophysiol, 101, 1560, 10.1152/jn.90805.2008

Addison, 2009, Time-frequency analysis of biosignals., IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag, 28, 14, 10.1109/MEMB.2009.934244

Aiken, 2006, Envelope following responses to natural vowels., Audiol Neurootol, 11, 213, 10.1159/000092589

Aiken, 2008, Envelope and spectral frequency-following responses to vowel sounds., Hear Res, 245, 35, 10.1016/j.heares.2008.08.004

Akhoun, 2008a, The temporal relationship between speech auditory brainstem responses and the acoustic pattern of the phoneme /ba/ in normal-hearing adults., Clin Neurophysiol, 119, 922, 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.12.010

Akhoun, 2008b, Speech auditory brainstem response (speech ABR) characteristics depending on recording conditions, and hearing status: An experimental parametric study., J Neurosci Methods, 175, 196, 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.07.026

Atiani, 2009, Task difficulty and performance induce diverse adaptive patterns in gain and shape of primary auditory cortical receptive fields., Neuron, 61, 467, 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.12.027

Ballachanda, 2000, Frequency-following response: Effects of interaural time and intensity differences., J Am Acad Audiol, 11, 1, 10.1055/s-0042-1748003

Ballachanda, 1994, Asymmetric frequency-following responses., J Am Acad Audiol, 5, 133

Banai, 2008, The Dynamic Brainstem: Implications for APD.

Banai, 2007, Sensory-based learning disability: Insights from brainstem processing of speech sounds., Int J Audiol, 46, 524, 10.1080/14992020701383035

Banai, 2005, Brainstem timing: Implications for cortical processing and literacy., J Neurosci, 25, 9850, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2373-05.2005

Banai, 2009, Reading and subcortical auditory function., Cereb Cortex, 19, 2699, 10.1093/cercor/bhp024

Bidelman, 2009, Neural correlates of consonance, dissonance, and the hierarchy of musical pitch in the human brainstem., J Neurosci, 29, 13165, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3900-09.2009

Bradlow, 2003, Speaking clearly for children with learning disabilities: Sentence perception in noise., J Speech Lang Hear Res, 46, 80, 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/007)

Brugge, 1969, Time structure of discharges in single auditory nerve fibers of the squirrel monkey in response to complex periodic sounds., J Neurophysiol, 32, 386, 10.1152/jn.1969.32.3.386

Chandrasekaran, 2007, Neuroplasticity in the processing of pitch dimensions: A multidimensional scaling analysis of the mismatch negativity., Restor Neurol Neurosci, 25, 195

Chandrasekaran, 2009, Context-dependent encoding in the human auditory brainstem relates to hearing speech in noise: Implications for developmental dyslexia., Neuron, 64, 311, 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.10.006

Cooley, 1965, An algorithm for the machine calculation of complex fourier series., Math Comput, 19, 297, 10.1090/S0025-5718-1965-0178586-1

Cunningham, 2001, Neurobiologic responses to speech in noise in children with learning problems: Deficits and strategies for improvement., Clin Neurophysiol, 112, 758, 10.1016/S1388-2457(01)00465-5

Dajani, 2005, Recording human evoked potentials that follow the pitch contour of a natural vowel., IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 52, 1614, 10.1109/TBME.2005.851499

Dhar, 2009, Exploring the relationship between physiological measures of cochlear and brainstem function., Clin Neurophysiol, 120, 959, 10.1016/j.clinph.2009.02.172

Dobie, 1979, Binaural interaction in brainstem-evoked responses., Arch Otolaryngol, 105, 391, 10.1001/archotol.1979.00790190017004

Don, 1996, Variable effects of click polarity on auditory brain-stem response latencies: Analyses of narrow-band ABRs suggest possible explanations., J Acoust Soc Am, 100, 458, 10.1121/1.415858

Dubno, 1984, Effects of age and mild hearing loss on speech recognition in noise., J Acoust Soc Am, 76, 87, 10.1121/1.391011

Elberling, 2007, Auditory Evoked Potentials: Basic Principles and Clinical Application (pp, 102–123).

Elsisy, 2008, Comparison of the acoustic and neural distortion product at 2f1–f2 in normal-hearing adults., Int J Audiol, 47, 431, 10.1080/14992020801987396

Everest, 2001, The Master Handbook of Acoustics (4th ed., pp, xix, 615).

Fletcher, 1991, The Physics of Musical Instruments., 10.1007/978-1-4612-2980-3

Fritz, 2007, Auditory attention–focusing the searchlight on sound., Curr Opin Neurobiol, 17, 437, 10.1016/j.conb.2007.07.011

Galbraith, 1994, Two-channel brain-stem frequency-following responses to pure tone and missing fundamental stimuli., Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol, 92, 321, 10.1016/0168-5597(94)90100-7

Galbraith, 1993, Selective attention and brainstem frequency-following responses., Biol Psychol, 37, 3, 10.1016/0301-0511(93)90024-3

Galbraith, 1993, Brainstem frequency-following responses and cortical event-related potentials during attention., Percept Mot Skills, 76, 1231, 10.2466/pms.1993.76.3c.1231

Galbraith, 1995, Brainstem frequency-following and behavioral responses during selective attention to pure tone and missing fundamental stimuli., Int J Psychophysiol, 19, 203, 10.1016/0167-8760(95)00008-G

Galbraith, 2003, Selective attention affects human brain stem frequency-following response., Neuroreport, 14, 735, 10.1097/00001756-200304150-00015

Galbraith, 1995, Intelligible speech encoded in the human brain stem frequency-following response., Neuroreport, 6, 2363, 10.1097/00001756-199511270-00021

Galbraith, 1998, Brain stem frequency-following response to dichotic vowels during attention., Neuroreport, 9, 1889, 10.1097/00001756-199806010-00041

Galbraith, 2004, Brain stem evoked response to forward and reversed speech in humans., Neuroreport, 15, 2057, 10.1097/00001756-200409150-00012

Gray, 1942, Phonemic microtomy: The minimum duration of perceptible speech sounds., Speech Monographs, 9, 75, 10.1080/03637754209390064

Greenberg, 1987, Neural temporal coding of low pitch. I. Human frequency-following responses to complex tones., Hear Res, 25, 91, 10.1016/0378-5955(87)90083-9

Grey, 1977, Multidimensional perceptual scaling of musical timbres., J Acoust Soc Am, 61, 1270, 10.1121/1.381428

Hall, 2006, New Handbook of Auditory Evoked Responses.

Hall, 1979, Auditory brainstem frequency following responses to waveform envelope periodicity., Science, 205, 1297, 10.1126/science.472748

Hayes, 2003, Neural plasticity following auditory training in children with learning problems., Clin Neurophysiol, 114, 673, 10.1016/S1388-2457(02)00414-5

Holmes, 2001, Speech synthesis and recognition.

Holmes, 2002, Speech Synthesis and Recognition., 10.1201/9781315272702

Hood, 1998, Clinical Applications of the Auditory Brainstem Response.

Hoormann, 1992, The human frequency-following response (FFR): normal variability and relation to the click-evoked brainstem response., Hear Res, 59, 179, 10.1016/0378-5955(92)90114-3

Hoormann, 2004, Effects of spatial attention on the brain stem frequency-following potential., Neuroreport, 15, 1539, 10.1097/01.wnr.0000134932.89313.3b

Hornickel, 2009a, Subcortical laterality of speech encoding., Audiol Neurootol, 14, 198, 10.1159/000188533

Hornickel, 2009b, Subcortical differentiation of stop consonants relates to reading and speech-in-noise perception., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 106, 13022, 10.1073/pnas.0901123106

Howard, 2001, Acoustics and Psychoacoustics (2nd ed.).

Jewett, 1971, Auditory-evoked far fields averaged from the scalp of humans., Brain, 94, 681, 10.1093/brain/94.4.681

Jewett, 1970, Human auditory evoked potentials: Possible brain stem components detected on the scalp., Science, 167, 1517, 10.1126/science.167.3924.1517

Johnson, 2007, Auditory brainstem correlates of perceptual timing deficits., J Cogn Neurosci, 19, 376, 10.1162/jocn.2007.19.3.376

Johnson, 2008a, Developmental plasticity in the human auditory brainstem., J Neurosci, 28, 4000, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0012-08.2008

Johnson, 2008b, Brainstem encoding of voiced consonant–vowel stop syllables., Clin Neurophysiol, 119, 2623, 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.07.277

King, 2002, Deficits in auditory brainstem pathway encoding of speech sounds in children with learning problems., Neurosci Lett, 319, 111, 10.1016/S0304-3940(01)02556-3

Klatt, 1976, Software for cascade/parallel formant synthesizer., J Acoust Soc Am, 67, 971, 10.1121/1.383940

Kraus, 2005, Brainstem origins for cortical ‘what’ and ‘where’ pathways in the auditory system., Trends Neurosci, 28, 176, 10.1016/j.tins.2005.02.003

Kraus, 2007, Auditory processing malleability: Focus on language and music., Curr Dir Psychol Sci, 16, 105, 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00485.x

Kraus, 2009, Experience-induced malleability in neural encoding of pitch, timbre, and timing., Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1169, 543, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04549.x

Kraus, 1996, Auditory neurophysiologic responses and discrimination deficits in children with learning problems., Science, 273, 971, 10.1126/science.273.5277.971

Krishnan, 2002, Human frequency-following responses: Representation of steady-state synthetic vowels., Hear Res, 166, 192, 10.1016/S0378-5955(02)00327-1

Krishnan, 2007, Auditory Evoked Potentials: Basic Principles and Clinical Application (pp, 313–335).

Krishnan, 1998, Binaural interaction in the human frequency-following response: Effects of interaural intensity difference., Audiol Neurootol, 3, 291, 10.1159/000013801

Krishnan, 2009, The role of the auditory brainstem in processing linguistically-relevant pitch patterns., Brain Lang, 110, 135, 10.1016/j.bandl.2009.03.005

Krishnan, 2009a, Experience-dependent enhancement of linguistic pitch representation in the brainstem is not specific to a speech context., J Cogn Neurosci, 21, 1092, 10.1162/jocn.2009.21077

Krishnan, 2004, Human frequency-following response: Representation of pitch contours in Chinese tones., Hear Res, 189, 1, 10.1016/S0378-5955(03)00402-7

Krishnan, 2005, Encoding of pitch in the human brainstem is sensitive to language experience., Brain Res Cogn Brain Res, 25, 161, 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.05.004

Krishnan, 2009b, Experience-dependent neural representation of dynamic pitch in the brainstem., Neuroreport, 20, 408, 10.1097/WNR.0b013e3283263000

Langner, 1988, Periodicity coding in the inferior colliculus of the cat. I. Neuronal mechanisms., J Neurophysiol, 60, 1799, 10.1152/jn.1988.60.6.1799

Lee, 2009, Selective subcortical enhancement of musical intervals in musicians., J Neurosci, 29, 5832, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6133-08.2009

Liberman, 1954, The Role of Consonant-Vowel Transitions in the Perception of the Stop and Nasal Consonants., 10.1037/h0093673

Lins, 1995, Auditory steady-state responses to multiple simultaneous stimuli., Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol, 96, 420, 10.1016/0168-5597(95)00048-W

Luo, 2008, Corticofugal modulation of initial sound processing in the brain., J Neurosci, 28, 11615, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3972-08.2008

Maddieson, 1984, Patterns of Sounds., 10.1017/CBO9780511753459

Moore, 1991, Anatomy and physiology of binaural hearing., Audiology, 30, 125, 10.3109/00206099109072878

Moulines, 1990, Pitch-synchronous waveform processing techniques for text-to-speech synthesis using diphones., Speech Commun, 9, 453, 10.1016/0167-6393(90)90021-Z

Moushegian, 1973, Laboratory note. Scalp-recorded early responses in man to frequencies in the speech range., Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol, 35, 665, 10.1016/0013-4694(73)90223-X

Musacchia, 2008, Relationships between behavior, brainstem and cortical encoding of seen and heard speech in musicians and non-musicians., Hear Res, 241, 34, 10.1016/j.heares.2008.04.013

Musacchia, 2006, Seeing speech affects acoustic information processing in the human brainstem., Exp Brain Res, 168, 1, 10.1007/s00221-005-0071-5

Musacchia, 2007, Musicians have enhanced subcortical auditory and audiovisual processing of speech and music., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 104, 15894, 10.1073/pnas.0701498104

Nicol, 2009, Low-frequency phase coherence in near- and far-field midbrain responses reveals high frequency formant structure in consonant-vowel syllables.

Nunez, 2006, Electric Fields of the Brain: The Neurophysics of EEG (2nd ed.).

Palmer, 2004, Speech Processing in the Auditory System: Springer Handbook of Auditory Research (Vol, 18, pp, xiv, 476).

Parbery-Clark, 2009a, Musical experience limits the degradative effects of background noise on the neural processing of sound., J Neurosci, 29, 14100, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3256-09.2009

Parbery-Clark, 2009b, Musician enhancement for speech-in-noise., Ear Hear, 30, 653, 10.1097/AUD.0b013e3181b412e9

Parthasarathy, 1993, Rate, frequency, and intensity effects on early auditory evoked potentials and binaural interaction component in humans., J Am Acad Audiol, 4, 29

Pichora-Fuller, 1995, How young and old adults listen to and remember speech in noise., J Acoust Soc Am, 97, 593, 10.1121/1.412282

Picton, 1974, Human auditory evoked potentials. II. Effects of attention., Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol, 36, 191, 10.1016/0013-4694(74)90156-4

Plyler, 2001, Human frequency-following responses: Representation of second formant transitions in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners., J Am Acad Audiol, 12, 523, 10.1055/s-0042-1745643

Porat, 1997, A Course in Digital Signal Processing.

Quian Quiroga, 2001, Wavelet transform in the analysis of the frequency composition of evoked potentials., Brain Res Brain Res Protoc, 8, 16, 10.1016/S1385-299X(01)00077-0

Regan, 1988, The transducer characteristic of hair cells in the human ear: A possible objective measure., Brain Res, 438, 363, 10.1016/0006-8993(88)91364-9

Rinne, 2008, Auditory selective attention modulates activation of human inferior colliculus., J Neurophysiol, 100, 3323, 10.1152/jn.90607.2008

Robinson, 1995, The duration required to identify the instrument, the octave, or the pitch chroma of a musical note., Music Perception, 13, 1, 10.2307/40285682

Robinson, 1995, The stimulus duration required to identify vowels, their octave, and their pitch chroma., J Acoust Soc Am, 98, 1858, 10.1121/1.414405

Rosen, 1992, Temporal information in speech: Acoustic, auditory and linguistic aspects., Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 336, 367, 10.1098/rstb.1992.0070

Russo, 2004, Brainstem responses to speech syllables., Clin Neurophysiol, 115, 2021, 10.1016/j.clinph.2004.04.003

Russo, 2009, Brainstem transcription of speech is disrupted in children with autism spectrum disorders., Dev Sci, 12, 557, 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00790.x

Russo, 2005, Auditory training improves neural timing in the human brainstem., Behav Brain Res, 156, 95, 10.1016/j.bbr.2004.05.012

Russo, 2008, Deficient brainstem encoding of pitch in children with autism spectrum disorders., Clin Neurophysiol, 119, 1720, 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.01.108

Shannon, 2005, Speech and music have different requirements for spectral resolution., Int Rev Neurobiol, 121, 10.1016/S0074-7742(05)70004-0

Sininger, 1993, Auditory brain stem response for objective measures of hearing., Ear Hear, 14, 23, 10.1097/00003446-199302000-00004

Skoe, 2009, The Effects of Musical Training on Subcortical Processing of a Missing Fundamental Piano Melody.

Song, 2006, On the relationship between speech- and nonspeech-evoked auditory brainstem responses., Audiol Neurootol, 11, 233, 10.1159/000093058

Song, 2008, Plasticity in the adult human auditory brainstem following short-term linguistic training., J Cogn Neurosci, 20, 1892, 10.1162/jocn.2008.20131

Starr, 1988, Handbook of Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology (Revised Volume 3). Human Event-Related Potentials (pp, 97–157).

Starr, 1996, Auditory neuropathy., Brain, 119, 741, 10.1093/brain/119.3.741

Strait, 2009b, Musical experience and neural efficiency: Effects of training on subcortical processing of vocal expressions of emotion., Eur J Neurosci, 29, 661, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06617.x

Swaminathan, 2008, Applications of static and dynamic iterated rippled noise to evaluate pitch encoding in the human auditory brainstem., IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 55, 281, 10.1109/TBME.2007.896592

Tallal, 1981, Speech acoustic-cue discrimination abilities of normally developing and language-impaired children., J Acoust Soc Am, 69, 568, 10.1121/1.385431

Thornton, 2007, Auditory Evoked Potentials: Basic Principles and Clinical Application (pp, 42–72).

Turner, 1992, Detection and recognition of stop consonants by normal hearing and hearing impaired listeners., J Speech Hear Res, 35, 942, 10.1044/jshr.3504.942

Tzounopoulos, 2009, Learning to encode timing: Mechanisms of plasticity in the auditory brainstem., Neuron, 62, 463, 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.05.002

van Drongelen, 2007, Signal Processing for Neuroscientists: Introduction to the Analysis of Physiological Signals.

Wallisch, 2009, Matlab for Neuroscientists: An Introduction to Scientific Computing in Matlab.

Weinberger, 2007, Associative representational plasticity in the auditory cortex: A synthesis of two disciplines., Learn Mem, 14, 1, 10.1101/lm.421807

Wible, 2004, Atypical brainstem representation of onset and formant structure of speech sounds in children with language-based learning problems., Biol Psychol, 67, 299, 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2004.02.002

Wible, 2005, Correlation between brainstem and cortical auditory processes in normal and language-impaired children., Brain, 128, 417, 10.1093/brain/awh367

Wile, 2007, An auditory neural correlate suggests a mechanism underlying holistic pitch perception., PLoS One, 2, e369, 10.1371/journal.pone.0000369

Wong, 2007, Musical experience shapes human brainstem encoding of linguistic pitch patterns., Nat Neurosci, 10, 420, 10.1038/nn1872

Xu, 2006, Specificity of experience-dependent pitch representation in the brainstem., Neuroreport, 17, 1601, 10.1097/01.wnr.0000236865.31705.3a

Young, 1979, Representation of steady-state vowels in the temporal aspects of the discharge patterns of populations of auditory-nerve fibers., J Acoust Soc Am, 66, 1381, 10.1121/1.383532

Zatorre, 2002, Structure and function of auditory cortex: Music and speech., Trends Cogn Sci, 6, 37, 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01816-7

Ziegler, 2009, Speech-perception-in-noise deficits in dyslexia., Dev Sci, 12, 732, 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00817.x