Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the Context of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, edn 4 (text revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000..
Reiersen AM, Todd RT: Co-occurrence of ADHD and autism spectrum disorders: phenomenology and treatment. Expert Rev Neurother 2008, 8:657–669.
Goldstein S, Schwebach AJ: The comorbidity of pervasive developmental disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: results of a retrospective chart review. J Autism Dev Disord 2004, 34:329–339.
Sturm H, Fernell E, Gillberg C: Autism spectrum disorders in children with normal intellectual levels: associated impairments and subgroups. Dev Med Child Neurol 2004, 46:444–447.
Yoshida Y, Uchiyama T: The clinical necessity for assessing attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) symptoms in children with high-functioning pervasive developmental disorder (PDD). Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004, 13:307–314.
Gadow KD, DeVincent CJ, Pomeroy J: ADHD symptom subtypes in children with pervasive developmental disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2006, 36:271–283.
Gadow KD, DeVincent CJ, Pomeroy J, Azizian A: Psychiatric symptoms in preschool children with PDD and clinic and comparison samples. J Autism Dev Disord 2004, 34:379–393.
Gadow KD, De Vincent CJ, Pomeroy J, Azizian A: Comparison of DSM-IV symptoms in elementary school-age children with PDD versus clinic and community samples. Autism 2005, 9:392–415.
de Boo GM, Prims PJ: Social incompetence in children with ADHD: possible moderators and mediators in social skills training. Clin Psychol Rev 2007, 27:78–97.
Santosh PJ, Mijovic A: Social impairment in hyperkinetic disorder-relationship to psychopathology and environmental stressors. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004, 13:141–150.
Reiersen AM, Constantino JN, Volk HE, Todd RD: Autistic traits in a population-based ADHD twin sample. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2007, 48:464–472.
Pennington BF, Ozonoff S: Executive functions and developmental psychopathology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1996, 37:51–87.
•• Corbett BA, Constantine LJ, Hendren R, et al.: Examining executive functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and typical development. Psychiatry Res 2009, 166:210–222. This study characterizes the severe deficits in EC among children with ASD compared with children with ADHD and typically developing children. The observed overlap of EC deficits seen in children with ADHD further suggests that a significant number of children with ASD present with cognitive profiles consistent with ADHD.
Happe F, Booth R, Charlton R, Hughes C: Executive function deficits in autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: examining profiles across domains and ages. Brain Cogn 2006, 61:25–39.
Klin A, Saulnier CA, Sparrow SS, et al.: Social and communication abilities and disabilities in higher functioning individuals with autism spectrum disorders: the Vineland and the ADOS. J Autism Dev Disord 2007, 37:748–759.
Constantino JN, Gruber CP, Davis S, et al.: The factor structure of autistic traits. J. Child Psychol Psychiatry 2004, 45:719–726.
•• Yerys BE, Wallace GL, Sokoloff JL, et al.: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms moderate cognition and behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders. Autism Res 2009, 2:322–333. This article suggests that children with ASD and ADHD symptoms present with worse impairments in adaptive behavior and working memory compared with children with ASD alone on a variety of neuropsychological tests. It presents good evidence for the argument that ADHD has a major impact on the expression of cognition and behavior in ASD.
Pitcher TM, Piek JP, Hay DA: Fine and gross motor ability in males with ADHD. Dev Med Child Neurol 2003, 45:525–535.
Mahone EM, Powell SK, Loftis CW, et al.: Motor persistence and inhibition in autism and ADHD. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2006, 12:622–631.
Jansiewicz EM, Goldberg MC, Newschaffer CJ, et al.: Motor signs distinguish children with high functioning autism and Asperger’s syndrome from controls. J Autism Dev Disord 2006, 36:613–621.
Dziuk MA, Gidley Larson JC, Apostu A, et al.: Dyspraxia in autism: association with motor, social, and communicative deficits. Dev Med Child Neurol 2007, 49:734–739.
Mostofsky SH, Dubey P, Jerath VK, et al.: Developmental dyspraxia is not limited to imitation in children with autism spectrum disorders. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2006, 12:314–326.
Gillberg C: Deficits in attention, motor control, and perception: a brief review. Arch Dis Child 2003, 88:904–910.
Hellgren L, Gillberg IC, Bagenholm A, Gillberg C: Children with deficits in attention, motor control and perception (DAMP) almost grown up: psychiatric and personality disorders at age 16 years. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1994, 35:1255–1271.
•• Reiersen AM, Constantino JN, Todd RD: Co-occurrence of motor problems and autistic symptoms in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2008, 47:662–672. This article demonstrates the vulnerability of children with ASD with co-occurring ADHD symptoms and motor problems to more severe impairments in the core features of ASD. It also provides implications for clinical assessment and practice.
Gilger JW, Kaplan BJ: Atypical brain development: a conceptual framework for understanding developmental learning disabilities. Dev Neuropsychol 2001, 20:465–481.
Kaplan BJ, Crawford S, Cantwell M, et al.: Comorbidity, co-occurrence, continuum: what’s in a name? Child Care Health Dev 2006, 32:723–731.
Smalley SL, Loo SK, Yang MH, Cantor RM: Toward localizing genes underlying cerebral asymmetry and mental health. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2005, 135:79–84.
Stigler KA, Desmond LA, Posey DJ, et al.: A naturalistic retrospective analysis of psychostimulants in pervasive developmental disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2004, 14:49–56.
Langworthy-Lam KS, Aman MG, Van Bourgondien ME: Patterns and prevalence of use of psychoactive medicines in individuals with autism in the Autism Society of North Carolina. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2002, 12:311–321.
Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology (RUPP) Autism Network: Randomized, controlled, crossover trial of methylphenidate in pervasive developmental disorders with hyperactivity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005, 62:1266–1274.
Posey DJ, Aman MG, McCracken JT, et al.: Positive effects of methylphenidate on inattention and hyperactivity in pervasive developmental disorders: an analysis of secondary measures. Biol Psychiatry 2007, 61:538–544.
Jahromi LB, Kasari CL, McCracken JT, et al.: Positive effects of methylphenidate on social communication and self-regulation in children with pervasive developmental disorders and hyperactivity. J Autism Dev Disord 2009, 39:395–404.
Greenhill LL, Swanson JM, Vitiello B, et al.: Impairment and deportment responses to different methylphenidate doses in children with ADHD: the MTA titration trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001, 40:180–187.
Handen BL, Johnson CR, Lubetsky M: Efficacy of methylphenidate among children with autistic disorder and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2000, 30:245–255.
Avery R, Franowicz JCS, Studholme C, et al.: The alpha-2A adrenoceptor agonist, guanfacine, increases regional cerebral blood flow in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and improves accuracy in monkeys performing a spatial working memory task. Neuropsychopharmacology 2000, 23:240–249.
Posey DJ, Putney JL, Sasher TA, et al.: Guanfacine treatment of hyperactivity and inattention in pervasive developmental disorders: a retrospective analysis of 80 cases. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2004, 14:233–241.
Scahill L, Aman MG, McDougle CJ, et al.: A prospective open trial of guanfacine in children with pervasive developmental disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2006, 16:589–598.
Posey DJ, Wiegand RE, Wilkerson J, et al.: Opel-label atomoxetine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms associated with high-functioning pervasive developmental disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2006, 16:599–610.
Troost PW, Steenhuis MP, Tuynman-Qua HG, et al.: Atomoxetine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children with pervasive developmental disorders: a pilot study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2006, 16:611–619.
Arnold LE, Aman MG, Cook AM, et al.: Atomoxetine for hyperactivity in autism spectrum disorders: placebo-controlled crossover pilot trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006, 45:1196–1205.
Hazell P: Drug therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-like symptoms in autistic disorder. J Paediatr Child Health 2007, 43:19–24.
Yoo JH, Valdovinos JG, Williams DC: Relevance of donepezil in enhancing learning and memory in special populations: a review of the literature. J Autism Dev Disord 2007, 37:1883–1901.
Doyle RL, Frazier J, Spencer TJ, et al.: Donepezil in the treatment of ADHD-like symptoms in youths with pervasive developmental disorder: a case series. J Atten Disord 2006, 9:543–549.
McCracken JT, McGough J, Shah B, et al.; Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Autism Network: Risperidone in children with autistic disorder and serious behavioral problems. N Engl J Med 2002, 347:314–321.
Findling RL, McNamara NK, Gracious BL, et al.: Quetiapine in nine youths with autistic disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2004, 14:287–294.
Stigler KA, Posey DJ, McDougle CJ: Aripiprazole for maladaptive behavior in pervasive developmental disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2004, 14:455–463.
Pennington BF: The Development of Psychopathology: Nature and Nurture. New York: Guilford Press; 2002.
American Psychiatric Association: Reports of the DSM-V Neurodevelopmental Disorders Work Group. Available at http://www.psych.org/MainMenu/Research/DSMIV/DSMV/DSMRevisionActivities/DSMVWorkGroupReports/NeurodevelopmentalDisordersWorkGroupReport.aspx . Accessed July 14, 2010.