Atmospheric deposition fluxes and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in Caohai Lake (Guizhou Province, China)
Tóm tắt
In this study, the sources of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from atmospheric deposition in the waters of Guizhou’s Caohai Lake were investigated in addition to the potential risks to human health. Moss bags were used to enrich PTEs from atmospheric deposition, and eight monitoring sites that best represented geographic variation were established around Caohai Lake. Moss bags were collected and examined at every 3 months to identify spatiotemporal patterns of dry and wet atmospheric deposition of PTEs. Zn was the most abundant metal identified from deposition in Caohai (72.07%–95.94%), followed by Pb and Cd, while Hg was the least abundant (0.008%–0.354%). The contributions of wet deposition of PTEs were greater than those of dry deposition, and deposition during the heating season from December to April was greater than that between April to July. Hg was mainly derived from atmospheric dry deposition (65.38%–84.44%). Spatial distribution analysis indicated that atmospheric deposition was associated with the intensity of human activities and heating emissions. Exposure via hand-to-mouth contact accounted for over 99% of the total exposure risk although overall exposure was lower than threshold acceptable levels for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic metals, indicating an overall lack of risk towards human health. Nevertheless, the health risk from atmospheric deposition of PTEs in Caohai Lake may be reduced by focusing on Zn, Pb, and Cd deposition in rainfall and minimizing the hazards associated with hand-to-mouth exposure to PTEs.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bi X, Feng X, Yang Y, et al. (2007) Heavy metals in an impacted wetland system: A typical case from southwestern China. Sci Total Environ 387(1–3): 257–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.059
Brown D, Brumelis G (1996) A biomonitorring method using the cellular distribution of metals in moss. Sci Total Environ 187: 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(96)05140-6
Brown D (1984) Use of Mineral Elements and their Use in Pollution Monitoring. In: Dyer AF, Duckett JG (eds.), The Experimental Biology of Bryophytes. London: Academic Press. pp 229–248.
Cameron A, Nickless G. (1977) Use of mosses as collectors of airborne heavy metals near a smelting complex. Water Air Soil Pollut 7(1): 117–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00283805
Chang J, Liu M, Li XH, et al. (2009) Primary research on health risk assessment of heavy metals in road dust of Shanghai. China Environ Sci 29(5): 548–554. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-6923.2009.05.018
Charleswoth S, Everett M, Mccarthy R, et al. (2003) A comparative study of heavy metal concentration and distribution in deposited street dusts in a large and a small urban area: Birmingham and Coventry, West Midlands, UK. Environ Int 29(5): 563–573. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0160-4120(03)0015-1
Cheng K, Yang XP, Zhao FJ (2015) Effects of atmospheric and dust deposition on content of heavy metals in vegetables in suburbs of Tianjin. J Agro-Environ Sci 34(10): 1837–1845. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.11654/jaes.2015.10.001
Cong Y, Chen YL, Yang ZF, et al. (2008) Dry and wet atmospheric deposition fluxes of elements in the plain area of Beijing Municipality, China. Geol Bull China 27(2): 257–264. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2008.02.014
Dai LL, Li LJ, He M, et al. (2020) Autumn phytoplankton community structure and its relationship with water quality parameters in Caohai wetland of Guizhou province. J of Hydroecology 41(02): 62–67. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.15928/j.1674-3075.2020.02.009
Ferreira-Baptista L, Miguel ED. (2005) Geochemistry and risk assessment of street dust in Luanda, Angola: A tropical urban environment. Atmos Environ 39(25): 4501–4512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.026
Goodman GT, Roberts TM. (1971) Plants and soil as indicators of metal in the air. Nature (231): 287–292. https://doi.org/10.1038/231287a0
Harmens H, Norris DA, Koerber GR, et al. (2008) Temporal trends (1990-2000) in the concentration of cadmium, lead and mercury in mosses across Europe. Environ Pollut 151(2): 368–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.043
Harmens H, Norris D A, Steinnes E, et al.(2010) Mosses as biomonitors of atmospheric heavy metal deposition: Spatial patterns and temporal trends in Europe. Environ Pollut 158(10): 3144–3156.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.06.039
Hu J, Yang CG, Guo J, et al. (2014) Pollution characteristics of heavy metal elements in PM2.5 in autumn and winter in Guiyang city. Environ Chem 33(03): 530–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.06.039
Hu J, Zhou SQ, Wu P, et al. (2020) Assessment of the distribution, bioavailability and ecological risks of heavy metals in the lake water and surface sediments of the Caohai plateau wetland, China. PLoS ONE 12(12): 189–295. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189295
Jiang PH, Luo YL, Peng KJ, et al. (2015) Progress on the research of bryophytes applied to monitoring of air pollution by heavy metal. Environ Pollut Control 37(07): 82–87. https://doi.org/10.15985/j.cnki.1001-3865.2015.07.016
Li JJ, Lin ZT, Chen XQ, et al. (2014) Single and joint toxicity of four heavy metal ions on mugilogobius chulae. Mar Environ Sci 33(2): 236–241. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.1016/S1874-8651C10360059-2
Li P, Xue SY, Wang SL, et al. (2014) Pollution evaluation and health risk assessment of heavy metals from atmospheric deposition in Lanzhou. Environl Sci 35(3): 1021–1028. https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.2014.03.029
Li Q, Ji X, Wang EH, et al. (2014) Using bryophytes as biomonitor atmospheric heavy metal deposition in the city of Qingdao. Chin Bull Bot 49(05): 569–577. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1259.2014.0056
Li Y, Zhou S, Jia Z, et al. (2021) Temporal and spatial distributions and sources of heavy metals in atmospheric deposition in western Taihu Lake, China. Environ Pollut 284: 117465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117465
Liang MY, Liu EF, Zhang EL, et al. (2019) Historical trends of atmospheric trace metal pollution in northern Guizhou province as reconstructed from alpine lake sediments. Environ Sci 40(06): 2624–2630. https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.201810077
Luo J (2004) Effects of atmospheric deposition of nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals on water quality of Taihu Lake. Master’s thesis. Nanjing Agricultural University, Nan Jing, P46. (In Chinese)
Ministry of Environmental Protection. (2014) HJ 25.3-2014, Technical guidelines for risk assessment of contaminated sites. p19. (In Chinese)
Pan YP, Wang YS (2015) Atmospheric wetand dry deposition of trace elements at 10 sites in northern China. Atmos Chem Phys 15: 951–972. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-951-2015
Peng J, Wang YN, Lin SX, et al. (2020) Spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter and its correlation with PFASs in Caohai wetland, Guizhou. Res Environ Sci 33(04): 885–892. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2019.07.18
Qin XG, Cheng XS, Liu FP (2011) Source and air-sea fluxes of heavy metals in the atmospheric particles of East China Sea. Environ Sci 32(8): 2193–2196. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.2011.08.033
Song YL, Zeng Y, Yang HQ, et al. (2016) Spatiotemporal distribution and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the sediments of Lake Caohai, Guizhou, China. ChinJ Ecol 35(07): 1849–1856. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.13292/j.1000-4890.201607.010
Steinnes E (2001) Metal contamination of the natural environment in Noway from long range atmospheric transport. Water Air Soil Pollut 1(3/4): 449–460. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017534422523
Tian T, Zhang RH, Xie HJ, et al. (2020) Occurrence and health risks of 29 metal elements in tap water of Dalian, China. Asian J Ecotoxicol 15(06): 175–185. https://doi.org/10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20190402001
U.S.EPA. (2000) Handbook for Non-Cancer Health Effects Evaluation. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington (DC).
U.S.EPA. (1989) Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, vol.I: Human Health Evaluation Manual. Washington, DC: Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
U.S.EPA. (2002) Supplemental guidance for developing soil screening levels for superfund sites. Washington, DC: Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Wang MM, Yuan MY, Su DC (2017) Characteristics and spatial-temporal variation of heavy metals in atmospheric dry and wet deposition of China. China Environ Sci 37(11): 4085–4096. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2017.11.010
Wang YN, Huang HT, Peng J, et al. (2020) Occurrence and distribution of typical antibiotics in the aquatic environment of the wetland karst plateau in Guizhou. Environ Chem 39(04): 975–986. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2019090103
Wang Z, Liu SQ, Chen XM, et al. (2008) Estimates of the exposed dermal surface area of Chinese in view of human health risk assessment. J Saf Environ 8(4): 152–156. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1009-6094.2008.04.038
Wang ZH (2020) An analysis of the input flux and source of elements in dry and wet atmospheric deposition of southwest plain of Shandong: A case study of Juye County. Geophys Geochem Explor 44(04): 839–846. https://doi.org/10.11720/wtyht.2020.1513
Wania Frank, Westgate John N (2008) On the mechanism of mountain cold-trapping of organic chemicals. Environ Sci Technol 42(24): 9092–9098. https://doi.org/10.1021/es8013198
Wong CSC, Li XD, Zhang G, et al. (2003) Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals in the Pearl River Delta, China. Atmos Environ 37(6): 767–776. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310 (02)00929-9
Yang Y, Xia PH, Lin T, et al. (2020) Spatial distribution of soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and their ecological stoichiometry along a water gradient in Caohai wetland, Guizhou Province. J Lake Sci 32(01): 164–172. https://doi.org/10.18307/2020.0116
Yang ZP, Lu WX, Long YQ, et al. (2009) Current situation of pH and wet deposition of heavy metals in precipatation in Changchun City, China. J Jilin Univ, Earth Sci Ed 39(05): 887–892. https://doi.org/10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.2009.05.027
Ye Lyumeng Huang MJ, Zhong BQ, et al. (2018) Wet and dry deposition fluxes of heavy metals in Pearl River Delta Region (China): Characteristics, ecological risk assessment, and source apportionment. J Environ Sci August, 106–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2018.11.019
Yin C, Yang HQ, Chen JA, et al. (2020) Tracing nitrate sources with dual isotopes and hydrochemical characteristics during wet season in Lake Caohai, Guizhou Province. J Lake Sci 32(04): 989–998. https://doi.org/10.18307/2020.0408
Yin LL, Jia KL, Shi XH, et al. (2014) Atmospheric deposition characteristics and fluxes of heavy metals in Lake Ulansuhai. J Lake Sci 26(06). https://doi.org/10.18307/2014.0616
Zhang GZ, Pan YP, Tian SL, et al. (2014) Concurrent measurement of wet and bulk deposition of trace metals in urban Beijing. Environ Sci 26(06): 931–938. https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.201810180
Zhang GZ, Pan YP, Tian SL, et al. (2015) Limitations of passive sampling technique of rainfall chemistry and wet deposition flux characterization. R Environ Sci 28(05): 684–690. https://doi.org/10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2015.05.03
Zhang JL, Cai GJ, Wu D, et al. (2018) The plant community structure and quantitative features after the invasion of alternanthera philoxeroides in Caohai wetland of Guizhou province. Ecol Environ Sci 27(05): 827–833. https://doi.org/10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2018.05.005
Zhang X, Liu B, Xiao BL, et al. (2020) Pollution characteristics and assessment of heavy metals in atmospheric deposition in core urban areas, Chongqing. Environ Sci 41(12): 5288–5294. https://doi.org/10.13227/J.HJKX.202001142
Zhang ZL, Lin SX, Xie S, et al. (2020) Monitoring and analysis of heavy metal atmospheric deposition of Caohai Lake in Guizhou by bryophytes. Guihaia 40(11): 1540–1550. https://doi.org/10.11931/guihaia.gxzw201901014
Zhang ZL, Tan H, He JL, et al. (2018) Distribution characteristics and source identification of heavy metals in Surface Sediments of Caohai Lake in Guizhou. Ecol Environ Sci 27(12): 2314–2320. https://doi.org/10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2018.12.018
Zhang ZY, Jilili A, Jiang FQ (2015) Pollution and potential health risk of heavy metals in deposited atmospheric dusts in Ebinur Basin, northwest China. China Environ Sci 35(6): 1645–1653. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2015.06.006
Zhu ZJ, Chen JA, Li H, et al. (2011) Discovery of abnormal positive values of carbon isotope of carbonate sediments from Lake Caohai, Guizhou Province and their implications. J Lake Sci 23(05): 681–685. https://doi.org/10.18307/2011.0503