Associations between psychological distress and hair cortisol during pregnancy and the early postpartum: A meta-analysis

Adam, 2017, Diurnal cortisol slopes and mental and physical health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 83, 25, 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.05.018 Assink, 2016, Fitting three-level meta-analytic models in R: a step-by-step tutorial, Quant. Methods Psychol., 12, 154, 10.20982/tqmp.12.3.p154 Bale, 2010, Early life programming and neurodevelopmental disorders, Biol. Psychiatry, 68, 314, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.05.028 Barker, 1995, The fetal and infant origins of disease, Eur. J. Clin. Investig., 25, 457, 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1995.tb01730.x Barker, 1998, In utero programming of chronic disease, Clin. Sci., 95, 115, 10.1042/cs0950115 Barker, 1998 Barker, 2007, The origins of the developmental origins theory, J. Intern. Med., 261, 412, 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01809.x Beaglehole, 2018, Psychological distress and psychiatric disorder after natural disasters: Systematic review and meta-analysis, Br. J. Psychiatry, 213, 716, 10.1192/bjp.2018.210 Borenstein, M., Rothstein, D., Cohen, J., 2005. Comprehensive meta-analysis: A Computer Program for Research Synthesis. Biostat. Bosquet Enlow, 2017, Maternal lifetime trauma exposure, prenatal cortisol, and infant negative affectivity, Infancy, 22, 492, 10.1111/infa.12176 Bowers, 2018, Maternal distress and hair cortisol in pregnancy among women with elevated adverse childhood experiences, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 95, 145, 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.05.024 Braig, 2015, Determinants of maternal hair cortisol concentrations at delivery reflecting the last trimester of pregnancy, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 52, 289, 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.12.006 Braig, 2016, The association of hair cortisol with self-reported chronic psychosocial stress and symptoms of anxiety and depression in women shortly after delivery: Hair cortisol, self-reported chronic stress, and symptoms of anxiety and depression, Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 30, 97, 10.1111/ppe.12255 Brocco, 2019, Perceived maternal stress during pregnancy affects newborn development in a low-income cohort of pregnant women, Placenta, 83, 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.06.236 Budnik-Przybylska, 2020, Do physical activity and personality matter for hair cortisol concentration and self-reported stress in pregnancy? A pilot cross-sectional study, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17, 8050, 10.3390/ijerph17218050 Buss, 2012, The role of stress in brain development: the gestational environment’s long-term effects on the brain, Cerebrum Dana Forum Brain Sci., 2012, 1 Bussières, 2015, Maternal prenatal stress and infant birth weight and gestational age: a meta-analysis of prospective studies, Dev. Rev., 36, 179, 10.1016/j.dr.2015.04.001 Caparros-Gonzalez, 2021, Stress during pregnancy and the development of diseases in the offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Midwifery, 97 Carr, 1981, Maternal plasma adrenocorticotropin and cortisol relationships throughout human pregnancy, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 139, 416, 10.1016/0002-9378(81)90318-5 Cheung, 2014, Modeling dependent effect sizes with three-level meta-analyses: a structural equation modeling approach, Psychol. Methods, 19, 211, 10.1037/a0032968 Conradt, 2020, Prenatal maternal hair cortisol concentrations are related to maternal prenatal emotion dysregulation but not neurodevelopmental or birth outcomes, Dev. Psychobiol., 62, 758, 10.1002/dev.21952 Cooper, 2010 Coussons-Read, 2013, Effects of prenatal stress on pregnancy and human development: Mechanisms and pathways, Obstet. Med., 6, 52, 10.1177/1753495x12473751 Daubenmier, 2014, It's not what you think, it's how you relate to it: dispositional mindfulness moderates the relationship between psychological distress and the cortisol awakening response, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 48, 11, 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.05.012 Davis, 2020, Pregnancy as a period of risk, adaptation, and resilience for mothers and infants, Dev. Psychopathol., 32, 1625, 10.1017/S0954579420001121 Davis, 2010, The timing of prenatal exposure to maternal cortisol and psychosocial stress is associated with human infant cognitive development, Child Dev., 81, 131, 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01385.x Demey-Ponsart, 1982, Serum CBG, free and total cortisol and circadian patterns of adrenal function in normal pregnancy, J. Steroid Biochem., 16, 10.1016/0022-4731(82)90163-7 Ding, 2021, The impact of prenatal stressful life events on adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis, J. Affect. Disord., 287, 406, 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.083 DiPietro, 2012, Maternal stress in pregnancy: considerations for fetal development, J. Adolesc. Health, 51, S3, 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.04.008 Distiller S.R. [Internet]. Systematic Review and Literature Review Software by Evidence Partners. [cited 2018 Oct 10]. Available from: 〈https://www.evidencepartners.com/〉. Dunkel Schetter, 2011, Psychological science on pregnancy: Stress processes, biopsychosocial models, and emerging research issues, Annu. Rev. Psychol., 62, 531, 10.1146/annurev.psych.031809.130727 Egger, 1997, Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test, BMJ, 315, 629, 10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 Entringer, 2010, Prenatal stress and developmental programming of human health and disease risk: Concepts and integration of empirical findings, Curr. Opin. Endocrinol., Diabetes Obes., 17, 507, 10.1097/MED.0b013e3283405921 Entringer, 2015, Prenatal stress, development, health and disease risk: a psychobiological perspective—2015 Curt Richter Award Paper, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 62, 366, 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.08.019 Epstein, 2022, Social support buffers the effect of prenatal depressed mood: a mixed methods study, J. Am. Psychiatr. Nurses Assoc. Erickson, 2017, Review of prenatal maternal mental health and the development of infant temperament, J. Obstet., Gynecol., Neonatal Nurs., 46, 588, 10.1016/j.jogn.2017.03.008 Fawcett, 2019, The prevalence of anxiety disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period: A multivariate Bayesian meta-analysis, J. Clin. Psychiatry, 80, 10.4088/JCP.18r12527 Fox, 2010, How the timing and quality of early experiences influence the development of brain architecture, Child Dev., 81, 28, 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01380.x Freedman, 2021, Maternal prenatal depression in pregnancies with female and male fetuses and developmental associations with c-reactive protein and cortisol, Biol. Psychiatry.: Cogn. Neurosci. Neuroimaging, 6, 310 Galbally, 2019, Trans-generational stress regulation: Mother-infant cortisol and maternal mental health across the perinatal period, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 109, 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104374 Galbally, 2022, The perinatal origins of childhood anxiety disorders and the role of early-life maternal predictors, Psychol. Med., 52, 506, 10.1017/S0033291720002147 Gao, 2021, Prenatal maternal transdiagnostic, RDoC-informed predictors of newborn neurobehavior: Differences by sex, Dev. Psychopathol., 33, 1554, 10.1017/S0954579420002266 Giesbrecht, 2012, Psychological distress and salivary cortisol covary within persons during pregnancy, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37, 270, 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.06.011 Giesbrecht, 2013, The buffering effect of social support on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function during pregnancy, Psychosom. Med, 75, 856, 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000004 Gillman, 2005, Developmental origins of health and disease, N. Engl. J. Med., 353, 1848, 10.1056/NEJMe058187 Glover, 2012, Sex differences in the programming effects of prenatal stress on psychopathology and stress responses: an evolutionary perspective, Physiol. Behav., 106, 736, 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.02.011 Grace, 2016, Early life events and motor development in childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal study, Acta Paediatr., 105, 219, 10.1111/apa.13302 Graignic-Philippe, 2014, Effects of prenatal stress on fetal and child development: a critical literature review, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 43, 137, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.022 Harrer, 2021 Harville, 2009, Stress questionnaires and stress biomarkers during pregnancy, J. Women'S. Health, 18, 1425, 10.1089/jwh.2008.1102 Hawa, 2014, Toddlers with delayed expressive language: An overview of the characteristics, risk factors and language outcomes, Res. Dev. Disabil., 35, 400, 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.10.027 Hoffman, 2016, Measures of maternal stress and mood in relation to preterm birth, Obstet. Gynecol., 127, 545, 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001287 Hox, 2002 Hunter, 2020, Black American maternal prenatal choline, offspring gestational age at birth, and developmental predisposition to mental illness, Schizophr. Bull., 47, 896, 10.1093/schbul/sbaa171 Irwin, 2021, Maternal prenatal cortisol programs the infant hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 125, 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105106 Jahangard, 2019, Prenatal and postnatal hair steroid levels predict post-partum depression 12 weeks after delivery, J. Clin. Med., 8, 1290, 10.3390/jcm8091290 Jung, 2011, A longitudinal study of plasma and urinary cortisol in pregnancy and postpartum, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 96, 1533, 10.1210/jc.2010-2395 Kalra, 2005, Use of hair cortisol as a biomarker for chronic stress in pregnancy, Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 77, 69, 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.12.155 Kalra, 2007, The relationship between stress and hair cortisol in healthy pregnant women, Clin. Investig. Med., 30, 103, 10.25011/cim.v30i2.986 Kemeny, 2003, The psychobiology of stress, Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci., 12, 124, 10.1111/1467-8721.01246 Khoury, 2020, Hair cortisol in pregnancy interacts with maternal depressive symptoms to predict maternal disrupted interaction with her infant at 4 months, Dev. Psychobiol., 62, 768, 10.1002/dev.21950 Khoury, 2022, Prenatal distress, access to services, and birth outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a longitudinal study, Early Hum. Dev., 170 Kim, 2017, Prenatal maternal cortisol has sex-specific associations with child brain network properties, Cereb. Cortex, 27, 5230 Kim, 2020, Hair cortisol concentrations as a biological marker of maternal prenatal stress: a systematic review, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17, 4002, 10.3390/ijerph17114002 Kingston, 2014, Prenatal and postnatal maternal mental health and school-age child development: a systematic review, Matern. Child Health J., 18, 1728, 10.1007/s10995-013-1418-3 Kingston, 2012, Prenatal and postpartum maternal psychological distress and infant development: a systematic review, Child Psychiatry Hum. Dev., 43, 683, 10.1007/s10578-012-0291-4 Kingston, 2015, Association between prenatal and postnatal psychological distress and toddler cognitive development: a systematic review, PloS One, 10, 1, 10.1371/journal.pone.0126929 Kress, 2019, The impact of parental role distributions, work participation, and stress factors on family health-related outcomes: Study protocol of the prospective multi-method cohort “Dresden study on parenting, work, and mental health” (DREAM), Front. Psychol., 10, 1273, 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01273 Kumar, 2012, Hormones in pregnancy, Niger. Med. J., 53, 179, 10.4103/0300-1652.107549 Lang, 2021, Predicting hair cortisol and cortisone concentration in postpartum women through repeated measurements of perceived stress., Metabolites, 11, 815, 10.3390/metabo11120815 Laplante, 2016, The effects of maternal stress and illness during pregnancy on infant temperament: Project Ice Storm, Pediatr. Res., 79, 107, 10.1038/pr.2015.177 Lazarus, 1984 Lee, 2007, Prevalence, course, and risk factors for antenatal anxiety and depression, Obstet. Gynecol., 110, 1102, 10.1097/01.AOG.0000287065.59491.70 Lee, 2018, Psychological pathways from racial discrimination to cortisol in African American males and females, J. Behav. Med., 41, 208, 10.1007/s10865-017-9887-2 Lipsey, 2001 Lobmaier, 2019, Fetal heart rate variability responsiveness to maternal stress, non-invasively detected from maternal transabdominal ECG, Arch. Gynecol. Obstet., 301, 405, 10.1007/s00404-019-05390-8 Lopatina, 2021, Early life stress and brain plasticity: from molecular alterations to aberrant memory and behavior, Rev. Neurosci., 32, 131, 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0077 Lundholm, 2022, Associations between maternal distress, cortisol levels, and perinatal outcomes, Psychosom. Med., 84, 288, 10.1097/PSY.0000000000001049 Maccari, 2003, Prenatal stress and long-term consequences: Implications of glucocorticoid hormones, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 27, 119, 10.1016/S0149-7634(03)00014-9 Mesner, 2019, Using graph learning to understand adverse pregnancy outcomes and stress pathways, PLOS One, 14, 10.1371/journal.pone.0223319 Mustonen, 2017, Stress and hair cortisol concentration in pregnant women, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 83, 65, 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.414 Mustonen, 2018, Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) as a measure for prenatal psychological distress—a systematic review, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 92, 21, 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.03.019 Mustonen, 2019, Maternal prenatal hair cortisol is associated with prenatal depressive symptom trajectories, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 109, 1, 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104383 Nuriel-Ohayon, 2016, Microbial changes during pregnancy, birth, and infancy, Front. Microbiol., 7, 1031, 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01031 O’Connor, 2003, Maternal antenatal anxiety and behavioural/emotional problems in children: a test of a programming hypothesis, J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry, 44, 1025, 10.1111/1469-7610.00187 O’Donnell, 2017, Fetal origins of mental health: the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis, Am. J. Psychiatry, 174, 319, 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16020138 O'Connor, 2013, Prenatal cortisol exposure predicts infant cortisol response to acute stress, Dev. Psychobiol., 55, 145, 10.1002/dev.21007 Orta, 2019, Stress and hair cortisol concentrations from preconception to the third trimester, Stress, 22, 60, 10.1080/10253890.2018.1504917 Pearson, 2016, Maternal perinatal mental health and offspring academic achievement at age 16: the mediating role of childhood executive function, J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry, 57, 491, 10.1111/jcpp.12483 Riazanova, 2018, The relationship between labor pain management, cortisol level and risk or postpartum depression development: A prospective nonrandomized observational monocentric trial, Rom. J. Anaesth. Intensive Care, 25, 123 Rice, 2005, Comparing effect sizes in follow-up studies: ROC Area, Cohen's d, and r, Law Hum. Behav., 29, 615, 10.1007/s10979-005-6832-7 Romero-Gonzalez, 2018, Newborn infants’ hair cortisol levels reflect chronic maternal stress during pregnancy, PLOS ONE, 13, 10.1371/journal.pone.0200279 Romero-Gonzalez, 2021, Hair cortisol levels in pregnancy as a possible determinant of fetal sex: a longitudinal study, J. Dev. Orig. Health Dis., 12, 902, 10.1017/S2040174420001300 Russell, 2012, Hair cortisol as a biological marker of chronic stress: current status, future directions and unanswered questions, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37, 589, 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.09.009 Sasaki, 1987, Immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing hormone present in human plasma may be derived from both hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic sources, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 65, 176, 10.1210/jcem-65-1-176 Scheinost, 2017, Does prenatal stress alter the developing connectome, Pediatr. Res., 81, 214, 10.1038/pr.2016.197 Schreier, 2015, Childhood abuse is associated with increased hair cortisol levels among urban pregnant women, J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 69, 1169, 10.1136/jech-2015-205541 Seth, 2016, Perinatal maternal depression and cortisol function in pregnancy and the postpartum period: a systematic literature review, BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 16, 1, 10.1186/s12884-016-0915-y Shonkoff, 2009, Neuroscience, molecular biology, and the childhood roots of health disparities: building a new framework for health promotion and disease prevention, JAMA, 301, 2252, 10.1001/jama.2009.754 Smy, 2016, Hair cortisol as a hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis biomarker in pregnant women with asthma: a retrospective observational study, BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 16, 176, 10.1186/s12884-016-0962-4 Stalder, 2017, Stress-related and basic determinants of hair cortisol in humans: A meta-analysis, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 77, 261, 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.12.017 Staneva, 2015, The effects of maternal depression, anxiety, and perceived stress during pregnancy on preterm birth: a systematic review, Women Birth, 28, 179, 10.1016/j.wombi.2015.02.003 Staufenbiel, 2013, Hair cortisol, stress exposure, and mental health in humans: a systematic review, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38, 1220, 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.11.015 Stewart, 2015, Maternal cortisol and stress are associated with birth outcomes, but are not affected by lipid-based nutrient supplements during pregnancy: an analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial in rural Malawi, BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 15, 346, 10.1186/s12884-015-0793-8 Stickel, 2021, Endocrine stress response in pregnancy and 12 weeks postpartum – Exploring risk factors for postpartum depression, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 125, 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105122 Sutherland, 2018, Sex differences in vulnerability to prenatal stress: a review of the recent literature, Curr. Psychiatry Rep., 20 Thayer, 2015, Ethnic discrimination predicts poor self-rated health and cortisol in pregnancy: Insights from New Zealand, Soc. Sci. Med., 128, 36, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.01.003 Thompson, 2008, Cortisol reactivity, maternal sensitivity, and learning in 3-month-old infants, Infant Behav. Dev., 31, 92, 10.1016/j.infbeh.2007.07.007 van den Bergh, 2017, Prenatal developmental origins of behavior and mental health: the influence of maternal stress in pregnancy, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 117, 26, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.003 Van den Noortgate, 2013, Three-level meta-analysis of dependent effect sizes, Behav. Res. Methods, 45, 576, 10.3758/s13428-012-0261-6 Van Niel, 2020, Perinatal depression: a review, Cleve. Clin. J. Med., 87, 273, 10.3949/ccjm.87a.19054 Viechtbauer, 2010, Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package, J. Stat. Softw., 36, 1, 10.18637/jss.v036.i03 Wikenius, 2016, The association between hair cortisol and self-reported symptoms of depression in pregnant women, PLOS ONE, 11, 10.1371/journal.pone.0161804 Wosu, 2013, Correlates of cortisol in human hair: Implications for epidemiologic studies on health effects of chronic stress, Ann. Epidemiol., 23, 797, 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.09.006 Zijlmans, 2015, Associations between maternal prenatal cortisol concentrations and child outcomes: a systematic review, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 53, 1, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.02.015