Association of obesity and metabolic syndrome with the severity and outcome of intermittent claudication

Engstrom, 2004, Incidence of obesity-associated cardiovascular disease is related to inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins: a population-based cohort study, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 24, 1498, 10.1161/01.ATV.0000134293.31512.be Li, 2006, Obesity as compared with physical activity in predicting risk of coronary heart disease in women, Circulation, 113, 499, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.574087 Lorenzo, 2006, Trend in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its impact on cardiovascular disease incidence: the San Antonio Heart Study, Diabetes Care, 29, 625, 10.2337/diacare.29.03.06.dc05-1755 Yusuf, 2005, Obesity and the risk of myocardial infarction in 27,000 participants from 52 countries: a case-control study, Lancet, 366, 1640, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67663-5 Rubinshtein, 2006, Relation between obesity and severity of coronary artery disease in patients undergoing coronary angiography, Am J Cardiol, 97, 1277, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.11.061 Sundstrom, 2006, Clinical value of the metabolic syndrome for long term prediction of total and cardiovascular mortality: prospective, population based cohort study, BMJ, 332, 878, 10.1136/bmj.38766.624097.1F Rana, 2006, Metabolic syndrome and risk of coronary, cerebral, and peripheral vascular disease in a large Dutch population with familial hypercholesterolemia, Diabetes Care, 29, 1125, 10.2337/dc05-2530 Olijhoek, 2004, The metabolic syndrome is associated with advanced vascular damage in patients with coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease or abdominal aortic aneurysm, Eur Heart J, 25, 342, 10.1016/j.ehj.2003.12.007 Vu, 2005, Impact of C-reactive protein on the likelihood of peripheral arterial disease in United States adults with the metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and preexisting cardiovascular disease, Am J Cardiol, 96, 655, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.04.038 Stepp, 2004, Low-flow vascular remodeling in the metabolic syndrome X, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 286, H964, 10.1152/ajpheart.00836.2003 Skilton MR, Moulin P, Serusclat A, Nony P, Bonnet F. A comparison of the NCEP-ATPIII, IDF and AHA/NHLBI metabolic syndrome definitions with relation to early carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with hypercholesterolemia or at risk of CVD: evidence for sex-specific differences. Atherosclerosis. In press. Wildman, 2005, Relation of inflammation to peripheral arterial disease in the national health and nutrition examination survey, 1999-2002, Am J Cardiol, 96, 1579, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.07.067 Planas, 2001, Relationship of obesity distribution and peripheral arterial occlusive disease in elderly men, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 25, 1068, 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801638 Gorter, 2004, Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease or abdominal aortic aneurysm, Atherosclerosis, 173, 363, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2003.12.033 Alberti, 2005, The metabolic syndrome—a new worldwide definition, Lancet, 366, 1059, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67402-8 Leng, 1992, The Edinburgh claudication questionnaire: an improved version of the WHO/Rose questionnaire for use in epidemiological surveys, J Clin Epidemiol, 45, 1101, 10.1016/0895-4356(92)90150-L 2006, Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus, Diabetes Care, 29, S43 2003, Eur Heart J, 24, 1601, 10.1016/S0195-668X(03)00347-6 Golledge, 2004, Osteoprotegerin and osteopontin are expressed at high concentrations within symptomatic carotid atherosclerosis, Stroke, 35, 1636, 10.1161/01.STR.0000129790.00318.a3 Norton, 2000, Measurement techniques in anthropometry, 27 Gleeson, 2005, Insulin-like growth factor-I response to a single bolus of growth hormone is increased in obesity, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 90, 1061, 10.1210/jc.2004-0501 Golledge, 1999, Outcome of femoropopliteal angioplasty, Ann Surg, 229, 146, 10.1097/00000658-199901000-00019 2000, Management of peripheral arterial disease, Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 19, S60 Gardner, 1991, Progressive vs single-stage treadmill tests for evaluation of claudication, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 23, 402, 10.1249/00005768-199104000-00003 Hankey, 2006, Medical treatment of peripheral arterial disease, JAMA, 295, 547, 10.1001/jama.295.5.547 2006, Circulation, 113, e463, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.174526 Ness, 2000, Risk factors for symptomatic peripheral arterial disease in older persons in an academic hospital-based geriatrics practice, J Am Geriatr Soc, 48, 312, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb02652.x Hooi, 1998, Risk factors and cardiovascular diseases associated with asymptomatic peripheral arterial occlusive disease, Scand J Prim Health Care, 16, 177, 10.1080/028134398750003142 von Eynatten, 2006, Serum adiponectin levels are an independent predictor of the extent of coronary artery disease in men, J Am Coll Cardiol, 47, 2124, 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.02.033 Maahs, 2005, Low plasma adiponectin levels predict progression of coronary artery calcification, Circulation, 111, 747, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000155251.03724.A5 Iwashima, 2006, Adiponectin and inflammatory markers in peripheral arterial occlusive disease, Atherosclerosis, 188, 384, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.10.039 Okamoto, 2002, Adiponectin reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, Circulation, 106, 2767, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000042707.50032.19 Kato, 2006, Adiponectin acts as an endogenous antithrombotic factor, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 26, 224, 10.1161/01.ATV.0000194076.84568.81 Kawanami, 2004, Direct reciprocal effects of resistin and adiponectin on vascular endothelial cells: a new insight into adipocytokine-endothelial cell interactions, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 314, 415, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.12.104 Ouchi, 2003, Reciprocal association of C-reactive protein with adiponectin in blood stream and adipose tissue, Circulation, 107, 671, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000055188.83694.B3 Chong, 2002, The intermittent claudication questionnaire: a patient-assessed condition-specific health outcome measure, J Vasc Surg, 36, 764, 10.1016/S0741-5214(02)00131-3