Association of long-term environmental exposures in pregnancy and early life with islet autoimmunity development in children in Bavaria, Germany

Afoke, 1991, Raised IgG and IgM in" epidemic" IDDM suggest that infections are responsible for the seasonality of type I diabetes, Diabetes Res., 16, 11 Atkinson, 2014, Type 1 diabetes, Lancet, 383, 69, 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60591-7 Bell, 2012, Review of research on residential mobility during pregnancy: consequences for assessment of prenatal environmental exposures, J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol., 22, 429, 10.1038/jes.2012.42 Beyerlein, 2015, Ambient air pollution and early manifestation of type 1 diabetes, Epidemiology, 26, e31, 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000254 Bonifacio, 2015, Predicting type 1 diabetes using biomarkers, Diabetes Care, 38, 989, 10.2337/dc15-0101 Bonifacio, 2008, Maternal type 1 diabetes reduces the risk of islet autoantibodies: relationships with birthweight and maternal HbA 1c, Diabetologia, 51, 1245, 10.1007/s00125-008-1022-z Borkar, 2010, Low levels of vitamin D in North Indian children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, Pediatr. Diabetes, 11, 345, 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2009.00589.x Dahlquist, 1991, Epidemiological studies of childhood insulin dependent diabetes, Acta Pædiatrica, 80, 583, 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11914.x Dahlquist, 1998, The aetiology of type 1 diabetes: an epidemiological perspective, Acta Paediatr., 87, 5, 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1998.tb01244.x Dahlquist, 1994, Childhood onset diabetes—time trends and climatological factors, Int. J. Epidemiol., 23, 1234, 10.1093/ije/23.6.1234 Dahlquist, 1985, The epidemiology of diabetes in Swedish children 0-14 years-a six-year prospective study, Diabetologia, 28, 802, 10.1007/BF00291068 Daneman, 2006, Type 1 diabetes, Lancet, 367, 847, 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68341-4 DiMeglio, 2018, Type 1 diabetes, Lancet, 391, 2449, 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31320-5 Elten, 2020, Ambient air pollution and incidence of early-onset paediatric type 1 diabetes: a retrospective population-based cohort study, Environ. Res., 184, 109291, 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109291 2019 Fan, 2020, Neighborhood greenness associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a nationwide cross-sectional study in China, Environ. Int., 144, 106042, 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106042 Group, 1988, Geographic patterns of childhood insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Diabetes, 37, 1113, 10.2337/diab.37.8.1113 Group, 2006, Incidence and trends of childhood Type 1 diabetes worldwide 1990–1999, Diabet. Med., 23, 857, 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01925.x Hathout, 2002, Role of exposure to air pollutants in the development of type 1 diabetes before and after 5 yr of age, Pediatr. Diabetes, 3, 184, 10.1034/j.1399-5448.2002.30403.x Hathout, 2006, Air pollution and type 1 diabetes in children, Pediatr. Diabetes, 7, 81, 10.1111/j.1399-543X.2006.00150.x Insel, 2015, General population screening for type 1 diabetes: has its time come?, Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obes., 22, 270, 10.1097/MED.0000000000000173 Joner, 1981, Incidence, age at onset and seasonal variation of diabetes mellitus in Norwegian children, 1973–1977, Acta Pædiatrica, 70, 329, 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1981.tb16560.x Kim, 2019, Associations of air pollution, obesity and cardiometabolic health in young adults: the Meta-AIR study, Environ. Int., 133, 105180, 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105180 Kloog, 2014, Predicting spatiotemporal mean air temperature using MODIS satellite surface temperature measurements across the Northeastern USA, Rem. Sens. Environ., 150, 132, 10.1016/j.rse.2014.04.024 Krischer, 2015, The 6 year incidence of diabetes-associated autoantibodies in genetically at-risk children: the TEDDY study, Diabetologia, 58, 980, 10.1007/s00125-015-3514-y Lönnrot, 2017, Respiratory infections are temporally associated with initiation of type 1 diabetes autoimmunity: the TEDDY study, Diabetologia, 60, 1931, 10.1007/s00125-017-4365-5 Malmqvist, 2015, Maternal exposure to air pollution and type 1 diabetes–accounting for genetic factors, Environ. Res., 140, 268, 10.1016/j.envres.2015.03.024 Mandrup-Poulsen, 1996, The role of interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis of IDDM, Diabetologia, 39, 1005, 10.1007/BF00400649 Nenna, 2011, Detection of respiratory viruses in the 2009 winter season in Rome: 2009 influenza A (H1N1) complications in children and concomitant type 1 diabetes onset, Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol., 24, 651, 10.1177/039463201102400311 Nordmann, 2020, Evaluation of area-related air quality data in Germany from chemistry-transport modelling, Gefahrst. Reinhalt. Luft, 80, 281, 10.37544/0949-8036-2020-07-08-31 Nurminen, 2021, Land cover of early life environment modulates the risk of type 1 diabetes, Diabetes Care, 44, 1506, 10.2337/dc20-1719 Oikarinen, 2014, Virus antibody survey in different European populations indicates risk association between coxsackievirus B1 and type 1 diabetes, Diabetes, 63, 655, 10.2337/db13-0620 2021 Patterson, 2019, Trends and cyclical variation in the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes in 26 European centres in the 25 year period 1989–2013: a multicentre prospective registration study, Diabetologia, 62, 408, 10.1007/s00125-018-4763-3 Ponsonby, 2005, UVR, vitamin D and three autoimmune diseases—multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Photochem. Photobiol., 81, 1267, 10.1562/2005-02-15-IR-441 Prescott, 2013, Early-life environmental determinants of allergic diseases and the wider pandemic of inflammatory noncommunicable diseases, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 131, 23, 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.019 Raab, 2016, Capillary blood islet autoantibody screening for identifying pre-type 1 diabetes in the general population: design and initial results of the Fr1da study, BMJ Open, 6, e011144, 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011144 Reunanen, 1982, Prevalence and ten-year (1970-1979) incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents in Finland, Acta Paediatr., 71, 893, 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1982.tb09545.x Rosenfeld, 2017, Estimating daily minimum, maximum, and mean near surface air temperature using hybrid satellite models across Israel, Environ. Res., 159, 297, 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.017 Rytkönen, 2003, The incidence of type 1 diabetes among children in Finland—rural–urban difference, Health Place, 9, 315, 10.1016/S1353-8292(02)00064-3 Taha-Khalde, 2021, Air pollution and meteorological conditions during gestation and type 1 diabetes in offspring, Environ. Int., 154, 106546, 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106546 Thümer, 2010, German new onset diabetes in the young incident cohort study: DiMelli study design and first-year results, Rev. Diabet. Stud.: Reg. Dev. Stud., 7, 202 Vinceti, 2012, Leukemia risk in children exposed to benzene and PM10 from vehicular traffic: a case–control study in an Italian population, Eur. J. Epidemiol., 27, 781, 10.1007/s10654-012-9727-1 Waernbaum, 2016, Low mean temperature rather than few sunshine hours are associated with an increased incidence of type 1 diabetes in children, Eur. J. Epidemiol., 31, 61, 10.1007/s10654-015-0023-8 Ziegler, 2012, Age-related islet autoantibody incidence in offspring of patients with type 1 diabetes, Diabetologia, 55, 1937, 10.1007/s00125-012-2472-x Ziegler, 2003, Early infant feeding and risk of developing type 1 diabetes–associated autoantibodies, JAMA, 290, 1721, 10.1001/jama.290.13.1721 Ziegler, 2020, Yield of a public health screening of children for islet autoantibodies in Bavaria, Germany, JAMA, 323, 339, 10.1001/jama.2019.21565 Zipitis, 2008, Vitamin D supplementation in early childhood and risk of type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Arch. Dis. Child., 93, 512, 10.1136/adc.2007.128579