Assessment of the effectiveness of liquid hot water and steam explosion pretreatments of fast-growing poplar (Populus trichocarpa) wood
Tóm tắt
In this paper, the influence of physicochemical pretreatment methods on the chemical composition, enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency and porosity of fast-growing Populus trichocarpa wood was compared. Among the pretreatment methods, the liquid hot water (LHW) and steam explosion (SE) were used, which were performed at three different temperatures (160 °C, 175 °C and 190 °C) and two residence times (15 min and 1 h). The chemical composition, enzymatic hydrolysis and porosity analysis were done for native wood and solid fraction obtained after LHW and SE pretreatments. The porosity analysis was performed by inverse size exclusion chromatography method. Additionally, inhibitors of hydrolysis and fermentation processes in the liquid and solid fractions obtained after pretreatments were examined. Based on the results, it was found that the tested pretreatments caused the greatest changes in the chemical content of hemicelluloses. It was found that after LHW and SE pretreatments up to 99.1% or 94.0%, respectively, of hemicelluloses were removed from the obtained solid fraction. Moreover, the LHW and SE processes greatly enhanced the enzymatic digestibility of fast-growing poplar wood. The highest glucose yield was achieved after 15 min of SE pretreatment at 190 °C and was 676.4 mg/g pretreated biomass, while in the case of xylose the highest value (119.3 mg/g pretreated biomass) was obtained after 15 min of LHW pretreatment at 160 °C. Generally, after SE pretreatment process, more inhibitors were formed, and a greater effect of porous structure development was noticed than after LHW pretreatment. Despite this difference, the average glucose contents and yields after enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated biomass were generally similar regardless of the pretreatment used.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Adney B, Baker J (1996) Measurement of cellulase activities (NREL/TP-510-42628). National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO
Akus-Szylberg F, Antczak A, Bytner O, Radomski A, Krajewski K, Zawadzki J (2018) The effect of pre-treatment of corn stover with liquid hot water on its chemical composition and enzymatic hydrolysis. Przem Chem 97:1866–1869. https://doi.org/10.15199/62.2018.11.10
Akus-Szylberg F, Antczak A, Zawadzki J (2020a) Hydrothermal pretreatment of poplar (Populus trichocarpa) wood and its impact on chemical composition and enzymatic hydrolysis yield. Drewno. https://doi.org/10.12841/wood.1644-3985.367.09
Akus-Szylberg F, Szadkowski J, Antczak A, Zawadzki J (2020b) Changes in poplar (Populus trichocarpa) wood porous structure after liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment. Ann WULS-SGGW, Forestry and Wood Technology 112:71–78
Alam A, Zhang R, Liu P, Huang J, Wang Y, Hu Z, Madadi M, Sun D, Hu R, Ragauskas AJ, Tu Y, Peng L (2019) A finalized determinant for complete lignocellulose enzymatic saccharification potential to maximize bioethanol production in bioenergy Miscanthus. Biotechnol Biofuels 12:99. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-019-1437-4
Alvira P, Tomás-Pejó E, Ballesteros M, Negro MJ (2010) Pretreatment technologies for an efficient bioethanol production process based on enzymatic hydrolysis: a review. Bioresour Technol 101:4851–4861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.11.093
Antczak A, Radomski A, Zawadzki J (2006) Benzene substitution in wood analysis. Ann Warsaw Agric Univ for Wood Technol 58:15–19
Antczak A, Marchwicka M, Szadkowski J, Drożdżek M, Gawron J, Radomski A, Zawadzki J (2018a) Sugars yield obtained after acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of fast-growing poplar wood species. BioResources 13:8629–8645. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.4.8629-8645
Antczak A, Szadkowski J, Marchwicka M, Akus-Szylberg F, Bytner O, Zawadzki J (2018b) The study of chemical composition and enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of poplar wood (Populus deltoides x maximowiczii) after steam explosion pretreatment. Ann WULS-SGGW for Wood Technol 104:139–146
Antczak A, Świerkosz R, Szeniawski M, Marchwicka M, Akus-Szylberg F, Przybysz P, Zawadzki J (2019) The comparison of acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of pulp obtained from poplar wood (Populus sp.) by the Kraft method. Drewno 62:53–66. https://doi.org/10.12841/wood.1644-3985.D07
Arora A, Martin EM, Pelkki MH, Carrier DJ (2013) Effect of formic acid and furfural on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose powder and dilute acid-pretreated poplar hydrolysates. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 1:23–28. https://doi.org/10.1021/sc3000702
Balan R, Antczak A, Brethauer S, Zielenkiewicz T, Studer MH (2020) Steam explosion pretreatment of beechwood. Part 1: comparison of the enzymatic hydrolysis of washed solids and whole pretreatment slurry at different solid loadings. Energies 13:3653. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13143653
Ballesteros I, Negro MJ, Oliva JM, Cabańas A, Manzanares P, Ballesteros M (2006) Ethanol production from steam-explosion pretreated wheat straw. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 130:496–508. https://doi.org/10.1385/abab:130:1:496
Berthold J, Salmén L (1997) Inverse size exclusion chromatography (ISEC) for determining the relative pore size distribution of wood pulps. Holzforschung 51:361–368. https://doi.org/10.1515/hfsg.1997.51.4.361
Brethauer S, Studer MH (2015) Biochemical conversion processes of lignocellulosic biomass to fuels and chemicals—a review. Chimia 69:572–581. https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2015.572
Brethauer S, Antczak A, Balan R, Zielenkiewicz T, Studer MH (2020) Steam explosion pretreatment of beechwood. Part 2: quantification of cellulase inhibitors and their effect on Avicel hydrolysis. Energies 13:3638. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13143638
Brownell HH, Saddler JN (1987) Steam pretreatment of lignocellulosic material for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis. Biotechnol Bioeng 29:228–235. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290213
Brownell HH, Yu EKC, Saddler JN (1986) Steam explosion pretreatment of wood: effect of chip size, acid, moisture content and pressure drop. Biotechnol Bioeng 28:792–801. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.260280604
Brun M, Lallemand A, Quinson JF, Eyraud C (1977) A new method for the simultaneous determination of the size and shape of pores: the thermoporometry. Thermochim Acta 21:59–88
Cantarella M, Cantarella L, Gallifuoco A, Spera A, Alfani F (2004) Effect of inhibitors released during steam explosion treatment of poplar wood on subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and SSF. Biotechnol Prog 20:200–206. https://doi.org/10.1021/bp0257978
Charmas B, Skubiszewska-Zięba J (2017) Application of differential scanning calorimetry to study porous structure of hydrothermally modified silicas. J Therm Anal Calorim 129:23–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6126-6
Cullis IF, Saddler JN, Mansfield SD (2004) Effect of initial moisture content and chip size on the bioconversion efficiency of softwood lignocellulosics. Biotechnol Bioeng 85:413–421. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.10905
Dinus RJ (2001) Genetic improvement of poplar feedstock quality for ethanol production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 91:23–34. https://doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:91-93:1-9:23
Dougherty MJ, Tran HM, Stavila V, Knierim B, George A, Auer M, Adams PD, Hadi MZ (2014) Cellulosic biomass pretreatment and sugar yields as a function of biomass particle size. PLoS ONE 9:e100836. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100836
Drapcho CM, Nhuan NP, Walker TH (2008) Biofuels engineering process technology. McGraw-Hill, New York
Excoffier G, Peguy A, Rinaudo M, Vignon M (1991) Evaluation of lignocellulosic components during steam explosion—potential applications. In: Focher B, Marzetti A, Crescenzi V (eds) Steam explosion techniques: fundamentals and industrial applications. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Philadelphia, pp 81–95
Fahlén J, Salmén L (2005) Ultrastructural changes in a holocellulose pulp revealed by enzymes, thermoporosimetry and atomic force microscopy. Holzforschung 59:589–597. https://doi.org/10.1515/HF.2005.096
Fang H, Deng J, Zhang X (2011) Continuous steam explosion of wheat straw by high pressure mechanical refining system to produce sugars for bioconversion. BioResources 6:4468–4480. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.4.4468-4480
Fay JA, Golomb DS (2002) Energy and the environment. Oxford University Press, New York
Grous WR, Converse AO, Grethlein HE (1986) Effect of steam explosion pretreatment on pore size and enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar. Enzyme Microb Technol 8:274–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0229(86)90021-9
Guan H, Guiochon G (1996) Study of physico-chemical properties of some packing materials: I. Measurements of the external porosity of packed columns by inverse size-exclusion chromatography. J Chromatogr A 731:27–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)01197-8
Guo M, Littlewood J, Joyce J, Murphy R (2014) The environmental profile of bioethanol produced from current and potential future poplar feedstocks in the EU. Green Chem 16:4680–4695. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4gc01124d
Hu F, Ragauskas AJ (2012) Pretreatment and lignocellulosic chemistry. Bioenergy Res 5:1043–1066. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-012-9208-0
Imman S, Laosiripojana N, Champreda V (2018) Effects of liquid hot water pretreatment on enzymatic hydrolysis and physicochemical changes of corncobs. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 184:432–443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-017-2541-1
Ishizawa CI, Davis MF, Schell DF, Johnson DK (2007) Porosity and its effect on the digestibility of dilute sulfuric acid pretreated corn stover. J Agric Food Chem 55:2575–2581. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf062131a
Jerabek K, Revillon A, Puccilli E (1993) Pore structure characterization of organic-inorganic materials by inverse size exclusion chromatography. Chromatographia 36:259–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02263874
Jӧnsson LJ, Martín C (2016) Pretreatment of lignocellulose: formation of inhibitory by-products and strategies for minimizing their effect. Bioresour Technol 199:103–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.009
Jӧnsson LJ, Alriksson B, Nilvebrant N-O (2013) Bioconversion of lignocellulose: inhibitors and detoxification. Biotechnol Biofuels 6:16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-6-16
Kačik F, Ďurkovič J, Kačiková D (2012) Chemical profiles of wood components of poplar clones for their energy utilization. Energies 5:5243. https://doi.org/10.3390/en5125243
Karimi K, Taherzadeh MJ (2016) A critical review on analysis in pretreatment of lignocelluloses: degree of polymerization, adsorption/desorption, and accessibility. Bioresour Technol 203:348–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.035
Kim Y, Ximenes E, Mosier NS, Ladisch MR (2011) Soluble inhibitors/deactivators of cellulase enzymes from lignocellulosic biomass. Enzyme Microb Technol 48:408–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.01.007
Ko JK, Kim Y, Ximenes E, Ladisch MR (2015) Effect of liquid hot water pretreatment severity on properties of hardwood lignin and enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Biotechnol Bioeng 112:252–262. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.25349
Kozłowski T, Babiarz I, Grobelska E (2010) Application of thermoporometry based on convolutive DSC to investigation of mesoporosity in cohesive soils. Arch Hydro-Eng Environ Mech 57:199–218
Krutul D (2002) Exercises in wood chemistry and selected issues in organic chemistry. SGGW Press, Warsaw
Książczak A, Radomski A, Zielenkiewicz T (2003) Nitrocellulose porosity—thermoporometry. J Therm Anal Calorim 74:559–568. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JTAN.0000005194.70360.c1
Kumar P, Barrett DM, Delwiche MJ, Stroeve P (2009) Methods for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for efficient hydrolysis and biofuel production. Ind Eng Chem Res 48:3713–3729. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie801542g
Labrecque M, Teodorescu TI (2005) Field performance and biomass production of 12 willow and poplar clones in short-rotation coppice in southern Quebec (Canada). Biomass Bioenergy 29:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2004.12.004
Langan P, Petridis L, O’Neill HM, Pingali SV, Foston M, Nishiyama Y, Schultz R, Lindner B, Hanson BL, Harton S, Heller WT, Urban V, Evans BR, Gnanakaran S, Ragauskas AJ, Smith JC, Davison BH (2014) Common processes drive the thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Green Chem 16:63–68. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3GC41962B
Li X, Lu J, Zhao J, Qu Y (2014) Characteristics of corn stover pretreated with liquid hot water and fed-batch semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation for bioethanol production. PLoS ONE 9:e95455. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095455
Li Z, Fei B, Jiang Z (2015) Effect of steam explosion pretreatment on bamboo for enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation. BioResources 10:1037–1047. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.10.1.1037-1047
Li M, Cao S, Meng X, Studer M, Wyman CE, Ragauskas AJ, Pu Y (2017) The effect of liquid hot water pretreatment on the chemical–structural alteration and the reduced recalcitrance in poplar. Biotechnol Biofuels 10:237. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-017-0926-6
Liu LZ, Blaschek HP (2010) Biomass conversion inhibitors and in situ detoxification. In: Vertès A, Qureshi N, Blaschek H (eds) Biomass to biofules: strategies for global industries. Wiley Press, Hoboken, pp 233–259
Liu Z-H, Qin L, Pang F, Jin M-J, Li B-Z, Kang Y, Dale BE, Yuan Y-J (2013) Effects of biomass particle size on steam explosion pretreatment performance for improving the enzyme digestibility of corn stover. Ind Crop Prod 44:176–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.11.009
Lu X, Zheng X, Li X, Zhao J (2016) Adsorption and mechanism of cellulase enzymes onto lignin isolated from corn stover pretreated with liquid hot water. Biotechnol Biofuels 9:118. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-016-0531-0
Luo C, Brink DL, Blanch HW (2002) Identification of potential fermentation inhibitors in conversion of hybrid poplar hydrolyzate to ethanol. Biomass Bioenergy 22:125–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(01)00061-7
Martín-Sampedro R, Martín JA, Eugenio ME, Revilla E, Villar JC (2011) Steam explosion treatment of Eucalyptus globulus wood: influence of operational conditions on chemical and structural modifications. BioResources 6:4922–4935. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.4.4922-4935
Meng X, Foston M, Leisen J, DeMartini J, Wyman CE, Ragauskas AJ (2013) Determination of porosity of lignocellulosic biomass before and after pretreatment by using Simons’ stain and NMR techniques. Bioresour Technol 144:467–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.06.091
Michelin M, Teixeira JA (2016) Liquid hot water pretreatment of multifeedstocks and enzymatic hydrolysis of solids obtained thereof. Bioresour Technol 216:862–869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.018
Negro MJ, Manzanares P, Oliva JM, Ballesteros I, Ballesteros M (2003) Changes in various physical/chemical parameters of Pinus pinaster wood after steam explosion pretreatment. Biomass Bioenergy 25:301–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(03)00017-5
Nunes AP, Pourquie J (1996) Steam explosion pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of eucalyptus wood. Bioresour Technol 57:107–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(96)00019-3
Olsson L, Hahn-Hӓgerdal B (1996) Fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates for ethanol production. Enzyme Microb Technol 18:312–331
Park S, Venditti RA, Jameel H, Pawlak JJ (2006) Changes in pore size distribution during the drying of cellulose fibers as measured by differential scanning calorimetry. Carbohydr Polym 66:97–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.02.026
Pfeifer Ch, Cavalli F, Huber B, Theato P, Barner L, Wilhelm M (2021) Investigation of the porosity of poly(sodium methacrylate) hydrogels by 1H-NMR T2-relaxation and inverse size-exclusion chromatography. Macromol Chem Phys 222:2000300. https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.202000300
Pielhop T, Amgarten J, Rudolf von Rohr P, Studer MH (2016) Steam explosion pretreatment of softwood: the effect of the explosive decompression on enzymatic digestibility. Biotechnol Biofuels 9:152. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-016-0567-1
Radomski A (2015) Application of inverse size exclusion chromatography to study the porous structure of lignocellulosic materials. SGGW Press, Warsaw
Ragauskas A, Williams C, Davison B, Britovsek G, Cairney J, Eckert C, Frederick W, Hallett J, Leak D, Liotta C, Mielenz J, Murphy R, Templer R, Tschaplinski T (2006) The path forward for biofuels and biomaterials. Science 311:484–489. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1114736
Rahikainen JL, Martin-Sampedro R, Heikkinen H, Rovio S, Marjamaa K, Tamminen T, Rojas OJ, Kruus K (2013) Inhibitory effect of lignin during cellulose bioconversion: the effect of lignin chemistry on non-productive enzyme adsorption. Bioresour Technol 133:270–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.075
Saeman JF, Moore WE, Mitchell RL, Millet MA (1954) Techniques for the determination of pulp constituents by quantitative paper chromatography. TAPPI 37:336–343
Sannigrahi P, Ragauskas AJ, Tuskan GA (2010) Poplar as a feedstock for biofuels: a review for compositional characteristic. Biofuel Bioprod Biorefining 4:209–226. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.206
Shevchenko SM, Beatson RP, Saddler JN (1999) The nature of lignin from steam explosion/enzymatic hydrolysis of softwood: structural features and possible uses: scientific note. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 77–79:867–876. https://doi.org/10.1385/abab:79:1-3:867
Simangunsong E, Ziegler-Devin I, Chrusciel L, Girods P, Wistara NJ, Brosse N (2018) Steam explosion of beech wood: effect of the particle size on the xylans recovery. Waste Biomass Valoriz 54:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-018-0522-4
Singh J, Suhag M, Dhaka A (2015) Augmented digestion of lignocellulose by steam explosion, acid and alkaline pretreatment methods: a review. Carbohydr Polym 117:624–631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.10.012
Sluiter A, Ruiz R, Scarlata C, Sluiter J, Templeton D (2008) Determination of extractives in biomass (NREL/TP-510-42619). National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO
Sreenath HK, Jeffries TW (2000) Production of ethanol from wood hydrolyzate by yeasts. Bioresour Technol 72:253–260
Stanton BJ, Haiby K, Gantz C, Espinoza J, Shuren RA (2019) The economics of rapid multiplication of hybrid poplar biomass varieties. Forests 10:446–459. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10050446
Strange JH, Mitchell J, Webber JBW (2003) Pore surface exploration by NMR. Magn Reson Imaging 21:221–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0730-725X(03)00128-0
Szadkowski J, Szadkowska D (2020) The analysis of the distribution of available mesopores in cellulosic pulp using Inverse Size Exclusion Chromatography-ISEC. Ann WULS-SGGW for Wood Technol 109:103–108. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3418
Szadkowski J, Radomski A, Szadkowska D, Zakrzewski A, Rębkowski B, Marchwicka M, Lewandowska A (2015) Change in the distribution of available mesopores in the wood of white poplar (Populus alba L.) as a result of cyclic drying. Episteme 26:399–407
Taherzadeh MJ, Karimi K (2007) Enzyme-based hydrolysis processes for ethanol from lignocellulosic materials: a review. BioResources 2:707–738. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.2.4.707-738
TAPPI T222 om-02 (2006) Acid-insoluble lignin in wood and pulp. TAPPI Press, Atlanta
TAPPI UM 250 (1985) Acid-soluble lignin in wood and pulp. TAPPI Press, Atlanta
Verardi A, De Bari I, Ricca E, Calabrò V (2012) Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: current status of processes and technologies and future perspectives. In: Lima MAP, Natalense APP (eds) Bioethanol. InTech, Rijeka, pp 95–122
Vermaas JV, Petridis L, Qi X, Schulz R, Lindner B, Smith JC (2015) Mechanism of lignin inhibition of enzymatic biomass deconstruction. Biotechnol Biofuels 8:217. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-015-0379-8
Wise LE, Murphy M, D’Addieco AA (1946) Chlorite holocellulose, its fractionation and bearing on summative wood analysis and on studies on the hemicelluloses. Paper Trade J 122:35–43
Wyman CE, Dale BE, Elander RT, Holtzapple M, Ladisch MR, Lee YY (2005) Coordinated development of leading biomass pretreatment technologies. Bioresour Technol 96:1959–1966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.01.010
Yao Y, Lenhoff AM (2004) Determination of pore size distributions of porous chromatographic adsorbents by inverse size-exclusion chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1037:273–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2004.02.054
Zaldivar J, Ingram LO (1999) Effect of organic acids on the growth and fermentation of ethanologenic Escherichia coli LY01. Biotechnol Bioeng 66:203–210. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290
Zamora DS, Wyatt GJ, Apostol KG, Tschirner U (2013) Biomass yield, energy values, and chemical composition of hybrid poplars in short rotation woody crop production and native perennial grasses in Minnesota, USA. Biomass Bioenergy 49:222–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.12.031
Zauer M, Kretzschmar J, Großmann L, Pfriem A, Wagenführ A (2014) Analysis of the pore-size distribution and fiber saturation point of native and thermally modified wood using differential scanning calorimetry. Wood Sci Technol 48:177–193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-013-0597-9
Zawadzki J, Szadkowska D, Antczak A, Elbe P, Radomski A, Drożdżek M, Zielenkiewicz T, Kłosińska T (2015) Effect of furfural on the enzyme activity during enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose isolated from poplar wood (Populus sp.). Przem Chem 94:1941–1944. https://doi.org/10.15199/62.2015.11.7
Zawadzki J, Radomski A, Antczak A, Kupczyk A (2016) Modern research aspects related to the production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. In: Karpiński S (ed) Results of selected studies carried out as part of the WOODTECH project. ADAM Press, Warsaw, pp 163–183
Zhao X, Zhang L, Liu D (2012) Biomass recalcitrance. Part I: the chemical compositions and physical structures affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Biofuel Bioprod Biorefining 6:465–482. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1331
Zheng Y, Pan Z, Zhang R (2009) Overview of biomass pretreatment for cellulosic ethanol production. Int J Agric Biol Eng 2:51–68. https://doi.org/10.3965/j.issn.1934-6344.2009.03.051-068