Đánh giá nguồn gốc và sự biến đổi của nitrate trong nước ngầm trên sườn núi Meru, Tanzania

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 75 - Trang 1-15 - 2016
Eliapenda Elisante1,2, Alfred N. N. Muzuka1
1Department of Water and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Materials, Energy Water and Environmental Sciences (MEWES), Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Arusha, Tanzania
2Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Morogoro, Tanzania

Tóm tắt

Các thành phần đồng vị ổn định của nitơ-nitrate (15N-NO3) và oxy-nitrate (18O-NO3), cùng với nồng độ các chất dinh dưỡng (NO3−, NH4+, NO2−, PO4 3−) từ các mẫu nước được thu thập từ các nguồn nước, giếng nông và lỗ khoan trong mùa khô và mùa mưa đã được sử dụng để khảo sát nguồn gốc và quá trình biến đổi sinh địa hóa của NO3− trong nước ngầm dọc theo các sườn núi Meru. Khoảng 80% tất cả các nguồn nước có nồng độ nitrate cao hơn nồng độ nền 10 mg/l trong cả hai mùa, trong khi nồng độ của NH4+ và NO2− rất thấp có thể do quá trình nitrat hóa. Nồng độ NO3− vượt quá 50 mg/l đã được quan sát thấy ở một số nguồn nước. Nồng độ PO4 3− trong tất cả các nguồn nước ngầm rất thấp trong cả hai mùa do sự pha loãng và hấp phụ. Giá trị δ15N-NO3− của nước từ các lỗ khoan trung bình là +11.6 ± 2.1 và +10.7 ± 2.1 ‰ trong mùa khô và mùa mưa, tương ứng. Tương tự, giá trị δ18O-NO3− của nước lỗ khoan trong mùa mưa và mùa khô trung bình là +5.2 ± 1.3 và +4.6 ± 1.9 ‰, tương ứng. Đối với giếng đào, giá trị δ15N-NO3− của nước giếng trung bình là +13.3 ± 2.5 và +12.5 ± 2.3 ‰ trong mùa khô và mùa mưa, tương ứng, trong khi giá trị δ18O-NO3− của mùa mưa và mùa khô trung bình là +7 ± 2.3 và +6.4 ± 2.1 ‰, tương ứng. Giá trị δ15N-NO3− của nước từ các nguồn suối trung bình là +11.2 ± 2.2 ‰ trong mùa khô và +11.7 ± 3.5 ‰ trong mùa mưa, trong khi giá trị δ18O-NO3− của mùa mưa và mùa khô trung bình là +7.3 ± 3.6 và +5.9 ± 2.6 ‰, tương ứng. Dữ liệu đồng vị đã gợi ý rằng nguồn gốc của NO3− trong các nguồn nước chủ yếu do nước thải và/hoặc phân động vật, một phần rất nhỏ từ nitrogen hữu cơ trong đất. Một số mẫu được thu thập gần các bãi phân và cơ sở vệ sinh có giá trị δ15N trong khoảng từ 16 đến 20 ‰ cho thấy sự xuất hiện của quá trình phân nitrat.

Từ khóa

#nitrate #nước ngầm #đồng vị ổn định #nguồn gốc #biến đổi sinh địa hóa #Meru #Tanzania

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