Assessment of microvessel density and carbonic anhydrase-9 (CA-9) expression in rectal cancer

Beasley, 2001, Carbonic anhydrase IX, an endogenous hypoxia marker, expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its relationship to hypoxia, necrosis, and microvessel density, Cancer Res., 61, 5262 Bossi, 1995, Angiogenesis in colorectal tumors: microvessel quantitation in adenomas and carcinomas with clinicopathological correlations, Cancer Res., 55, 5049 Brewer, 1996, A study of biomarkers in cervical carcinoma and clinical correlation of the novel biomarker MN, Gynecol. Oncol., 63, 337, 10.1006/gyno.1996.0333 British Cancer Death Rates, Br. Med. J. 328(2004) 303. Bui, 2003, Carbonic anhydrase IX is an independent predictor of survival in advanced renal clear cell carcinoma: implications for prognosis and therapy, Clin. Cancer Res., 9, 802 Cancer Facts and Figures, American Cancer Society, 2006. Carracedo, 2006, The stress-regulated protein p8 mediates cannabinoid-induced apoptosis of tumor cells, Cancer Cell, 9, 301, 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.03.005 Chen, 2004, Correlation of tumor microvessel density to metastasis and recurrence of rectal cancer, Ai. Zheng, 23, 1203 Chia, 2001, Prognostic significance of a novel hypoxia-regulated marker, carbonic anhydrase IX, in invasive breast carcinoma, J. Clin. Oncol., 19, 3660, 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.16.3660 Choi, 1998, Tumor angiogenesis as a prognostic predictor in colorectal carcinoma with special reference to mode of metastasis and recurrence, Oncology, 55, 575, 10.1159/000011915 Cleven, 2007, Stromal expression of hypoxia regulated proteins is an adverse prognostic factor in colorectal carcinomas, Cell Oncol., 29, 229 Colorectal Cancer Factsheet, Cancer Research UK, 2005. Couvelard, 2005, Microvascular density and hypoxia-inducible factor pathway in pancreatic endocrine tumours: negative correlation of microvascular density and VEGF expression with tumour progression, Br. J. Cancer, 92, 94, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602245 Dahlberg, 1998, Improved survival in patients with rectal cancer: a population-based register study, Br. J. Surg., 85, 515, 10.1046/j.1365-2168.1998.00603.x Engel, 1996, Tumor angiogenesis predicts recurrence in invasive colorectal cancer when controlled for Dukes staging, Am. J. Surg. Pathol., 20, 1260, 10.1097/00000478-199610000-00012 Garaj, 2005, Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: novel sulfonamides incorporating 1,3,5-triazine moieties as inhibitors of the cytosolic and tumour-associated carbonic anhydrase isozymes I, II and IX, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 15, 3102, 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.04.056 Giatromanolaki, 2001, Expression of hypoxia-inducible carbonic anhydrase-9 relates to angiogenic pathways and independently to poor outcome in non-small cell lung cancer, Cancer Res., 61, 7992 Gulubova, 2007, Prognostic significance of mast cell number and microvascular density for the survival of patients with primary colorectal cancer, J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Hynninen, 2006, Expression of transmembrane carbonic anhydrases IX and XII in ovarian tumours, Histopathology, 49, 594, 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2006.02523.x Ivanov, 2001, Expression of hypoxia-inducible cell-surface transmembrane carbonic anhydrases in human cancer, Am. J. Pathol., 158, 905, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64038-2 Kivela, 2005, Expression of von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor and tumor-associated carbonic anhydrases IX and XII in normal and neoplastic colorectal mucosa, World J. Gastroenterol., 11, 2616, 10.3748/wjg.v11.i17.2616 Koukourakis, 2001, Hypoxia-regulated carbonic anhydrase-9 (CA9) relates to poor vascularization and resistance of squamous cell head and neck cancer to chemoradiotherapy, Clin. Cancer Res., 7, 3399 Li, 2003, Both high intratumoral microvessel density determined using CD105 antibody and elevated plasma levels of CD105 in colorectal cancer patients correlate with poor prognosis, Br. J. Cancer, 88, 1424, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600874 Liao, 1997, Identification of the MN/CA9 protein as a reliable diagnostic biomarker of clear cell carcinoma of the kidney, Cancer Res., 57, 2827 Lindmark, 1994, Prognostic predictors in colorectal cancer, Dis. Colon Rectum, 37, 1219, 10.1007/BF02257785 Loncaster, 2001, Carbonic anhydrase (CA IX) expression, a potential new intrinsic marker of hypoxia: correlations with tumor oxygen measurements and prognosis in locally advanced carcinoma of the cervix, Cancer Res., 61, 6394 Murakami, 1999, MN/CA9 gene expression as a potential biomarker in renal cell carcinoma, BJU Int., 83, 743, 10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.00007.x Niemela, 2007, Carbonic anhydrase IX Is highly expressed in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 16, 1760, 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0080 Pastorek, 1994, Cloning and characterization of MN, a human tumor-associated protein with a domain homologous to carbonic anhydrase and a putative helix-loop-helix DNA binding segment, Oncogene, 9, 2877 Pugh, 2003, Regulation of angiogenesis by hypoxia: role of the HIF system, Nat. Med., 9, 677, 10.1038/nm0603-677 Robertson, 2004, Role of carbonic anhydrase IX in human tumor cell growth, survival, and invasion, Cancer Res., 64, 6160, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-2224 Saarnio, 1998, Immunohistochemical study of colorectal tumors for expression of a novel transmembrane carbonic anhydrase, MN/CA IX, with potential value as a marker of cell proliferation, Am. J. Pathol., 153, 279, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65569-1 Saczewski, 2006, Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Selective inhibition of human tumor-associated isozymes IX and XII and cytosolic isozymes I and II with some substituted-2-mercapto-benzenesulfonamides, J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem., 21, 563, 10.1080/14756360600648146 Sagar, 1996, Surgical management of locally recurrent rectal cancer, Br. J. Surg., 83, 293, 10.1002/bjs.1800830305 Swinson, 2003, Carbonic anhydrase IX expression, a novel surrogate marker of tumor hypoxia, is associated with a poor prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer, J. Clin. Oncol., 21, 473, 10.1200/JCO.2003.11.132 Tanigawa, 1997, Tumor angiogenesis and mode of metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer, Cancer Res., 57, 1043 Teicher, 1993, A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor as a potential modulator of cancer therapies, Anticancer Res., 13, 1549 Tomisaki, 1996, Microvessel quantification and its possible relation with liver metastasis in colorectal cancer, Cancer, 77, 1722, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19960415)77:8+<1722::AID-CNCR22>3.3.CO;2-I Uemura, 1999, MN/CA IX/G250 as a potential target for immunotherapy of renal cell carcinomas, Br. J. Cancer, 81, 741, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690757 Vermeulen, 1999, Prospective study of intratumoral microvessel density, p53 expression and survival in colorectal cancer, Br. J. Cancer, 79, 316, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690051 Vullo, 2003, Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the tumor-associated isozyme IX with aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 13, 1005, 10.1016/S0960-894X(03)00091-X Winum, 2005, Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibition of cytosolic/membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase isozymes I, II, and IX with sulfonamides incorporating hydrazino moieties, J. Med. Chem., 48, 2121, 10.1021/jm0494826 Wykoff, 2000, Hypoxia-inducible expression of tumor-associated carbonic anhydrases, Cancer Res., 60, 7075 Wykoff, 2001, Expression of the hypoxia-inducible and tumor-associated carbonic anhydrases in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast, Am. J. Pathol., 158, 1011, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64048-5 Yoshimura, 2004, Prognostic impact of hypoxia-inducible factors 1alpha and 2alpha in colorectal cancer patients: correlation with tumor angiogenesis and cyclooxygenase-2 expression, Clin. Cancer Res., 10, 8554, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-0946-03