Đánh giá tình trạng chung của cá sống trong môi trường nước bị ô nhiễm vừa phải

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 20 - Trang 4954-4968 - 2013
Zrinka Dragun1, Vlatka Filipović Marijić1, Damir Kapetanović2, Damir Valić2, Irena Vardić Smrzlić2, Nesrete Krasnići1, Željka Strižak1, Božidar Kurtović2, Emin Teskeredžić2, Biserka Raspor1
1Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
2Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Aquaculture and Pathology of Aquatic Organisms, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia

Tóm tắt

Việc đánh giá tình trạng chung của cá trong môi trường nước ô nhiễm vừa phải đã được thực hiện trên loài cá chub châu Âu (Squalius cephalus) được bắt vào tháng 9 năm 2009 tại sông Sutla ở Croatia. Mặc dù nồng độ ô nhiễm trong sông này (các yếu tố vi lượng và vĩ lượng, vi khuẩn), cũng như các thay đổi hóa lý (giảm độ bão hòa oxy, tăng độ dẫn điện), vẫn nằm trong giới hạn chấp nhận về môi trường, sự hiện diện đồng thời của chúng trong nước có thể đã kích thích căng thẳng cho các sinh vật thủy sinh. Một số tham số sinh trắc học, nồng độ metallothionein (MT), và tổng nồng độ protein tế bào chất trong gan và mang cá chub đã được xác định như là những chỉ số về tình trạng của chub. Các phân tích vi sinh vật học và ký sinh trùng học đã được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá sự dễ mắc bệnh vi khuẩn và nhiễm ký sinh trùng của chub. Tại các đoạn sông phía thượng nguồn có độ bão hòa oxy giảm (∼50%), các chỉ số tình trạng Fulton giảm (FCI: 0.94 g cm−3), trong khi các chỉ số sinh dục (GSI: 2.4%), sinh dục gan (HSI: 1.31%), và chỉ số mang (1.3%) tăng lên so với các đoạn sông phía hạ lưu giàu oxy (oxy hòa tan ∼90%; FCI: 1.02 g cm−3; GSI: 0.6%; HSI: ∼1.08%; chỉ số mang: 1.0%). Sự gia tăng nhẹ nồng độ MT trong cả hai cơ quan ở thượng nguồn (mang: 1.67 mg g−1; gan: 1.63 mg g−1) so với các vị trí hạ lưu (mang: 1.56 mg g−1; gan: 1.23 mg g−1) không thể được giải thích bằng sự kích thích do nồng độ kim loại tăng trong nước sông, mà có lẽ do những thay đổi sinh lý do căng thẳng chung do độ bão hòa oxy thấp. Ngoài ra, tại điểm mẫu được đặc trưng bởi ô nhiễm vô cơ và phân, đã quan sát thấy sự gia tăng tỷ lệ tập trung vi khuẩn trong các cơ quan nội tạng (gan, lá lách, thận), cũng như giảm nhiễm trùng ký sinh trùng đường ruột, điều này là một phát hiện phổ biến đối với nước bị ô nhiễm kim loại. Dựa trên các kết quả của chúng tôi, có thể kết luận rằng ngay cả sự ô nhiễm vừa phải của nước sông bởi nhiều chất ô nhiễm có thể dẫn đến điều kiện sống không thuận lợi và gây ra căng thẳng có thể phát hiện cho các sinh vật thủy sinh.

Từ khóa

#Ô nhiễm môi trường #cá chub châu Âu #sinh học thủy sinh #chỉ số sức khỏe sinh vật #ô nhiễm vi sinh

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