Assessment of Teen Pregnancy Prevention Interventions Among Middle School Youth
Tóm tắt
The purpose of this study was to examine outcomes for students enrolled in two teen pregnancy prevention programs: the Youth Asset Development Program (YADP); and the Postponing Sexual Involvement Program (PSIP) and identify possible areas for program refinement. The study design consisted of two sets of comparisons: (a) sixth-grade students who completed the PSIP versus the control school; and (b) the YMCA Success Centers where the YADP was introduced versus the control school. Two hundred thirty-seven students were selected to participate in the study. Students who participated in the prevention programs had significantly (p < .05) higher academic achievement, participation in school related activities, and enjoyed school much more than students from the control school. However, no statistically significant differences were found between program participants and the control group when they were compared on personal orientation and judgments about teenage parenthood. Implications for program modification and program effectiveness are discussed.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Braddock, J. H. (1990). Tracking: Implications for Student Race-Ethnic Subgroups. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, Center for Research for the Effective Schooling of Disadvantaged Children.
Carrera, M. A., & Dempsey, P. (1988, January). Restructuring public policy priorities on teen pregnancy: A holistic approach to teen development and teen services. SIECUS Report, 6-9.
Coley, R. L., & Chase-Lansdale, P. L. (1998). Adolescent pregnancy and parenthood. American Psychologist, 53, 152-166.
Cook, T. D., Church, M. B., Ajanaku, S., & Shadish, W. R. (1996). The development of educational aspirations and expectations among inner-city boys. Child Development, 67(6), 3368-3385.
Crooks, D. L. (1995). American children at risk: Poverty and its consequences for children's health, growth, and school achievement. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, 38, 57-86.
Duncan, G. J., Brooks-Gunn, J., Yeung, W. J., & Smith, J. R. (1998). How much does childhood poverty affect the life chances of children? American Sociological Review, 63(3), 406-423.
Holden, G. W., Nelson, P. B., Velasquez, J., & Ritchie K. L. (1993). Cognitive, psychological, and reported sexual behavior differences between pregnant and nonpregnant adolescents. Adolescence, 28, 557-572.
Howard, M., & McCabe, J. B. (1990). Helping teenagers postpone sexual involvement. Family Planning Perspectives, 22, 21-26.
Howard, M. & Mitchell, M. E. (1996). Postponing sexual involvement: An educational series for preteens. Atlanta, GA: Adolescent Reproductive Health Center, Grady Health System.
Jencks, C. (1979). Who gets ahead? The determinants of economic success in America. New York: Basic Books.
Kalil, A. & Kunz, J. (1999). First births among unmarried adolescent girls: Risk and protective factors. Social Work Research, 23, 197-207.
King, J. A., Moms, J. L., & Fitzgibbon, C. (1987). How to Assess Program Implementation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Lehman, C. M., Clark, H. B., Bullis, M., Rinkin, J., & Castellanos, L. A. (2002). Transition from school to adult life: Empowering youth through community ownership and accountability. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 11(1), 127-141.
Lonczak, H. S., Abbott, R. D., Hawkins, J. D., Kosterman, R., & Catalano, R. F. (2002). Effects of the Seattle Social Development Project on sexual behavior, pregnancy, birth, and sexually transmitted disease outcomes by age 21 years. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 156, 438-447.
McLanahan, S. & Bumpass, L. (1988). The intergenerational consequences of family disruption. American Journal of Sociology, 94, 130-152.
Miller, B., & Moore, K. (1990). Adolescent sexual behavior, pregnancy, and parenting: Research through the 1980s. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, 1025-1044.
Oakes, J., & Lipton, M. (1995). Developing alternatives to tracking and grading. In L. I. Rendon & R. O. Hope (Eds.), Educating a New Majority: Transforming America's Educational System for Diversity (pp. 168-200). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Parelius, A. P. & Parelius R. J. (1978). The sociology of education. Englewoood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Patton, M. Q. (1997). Utilization-Focused Evaluation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Pong, S. (1997). Family structure, school context, and eighth-grade math and reading achievement. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59, 734-746.
Ramey, C. T., & Ramey, S. L. (1990). Intensive educational intervention for children of poverty. Intelligence, 14(1), 1-9.
Richmond, J. B. (1992). Poverty and the schools. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 68, 32-45.
Scaramella, L. V., Conger, R. D., Simons, R. L., & Whitebeck, L. B. (1998). Predicting risk for pregnancy by late adolescence: A social contextual perspective. Developmental Psychology, 34, 1233-1245.
Smith, C. (1996). The link between childhood maltreatment and teenage pregnancy. Social Work Research, 20, 131-140.
Smith-Maddox, R. (1999). The social networks and resources of African American eighth graders: Evidence from the national educational longitudinal study of 1988. Adolescence, 34(133): 169-183.
Solarz, A. L. (2001). Investing in children, families, and communities: Challenges for an interdivisional public policy collaboration. American Journal of Community Psychology, 29(1), 1-14.
The Alan Guttmacher Institute. (1998). Falling teen pregnancy, birthrates: What's behind the declines? The Guttmacher Report on Public Policy, 1, 1-7. New York: The Alan Guttmacher Institute.
The Alan Guttmacher Institute. (2000). United States and the Russian Federation lead the developed world in teenage pregnancy rates. News Release. New York: The Alan Guttmacher Institute.
Unger, J. B., Molina, G. B., & Teran, L. (2000). Perceived consequences of teenage childbearing among adolescent girls in an urban sample. Journal of Adolescent Health, 26, 205-212.
Wilson, W. J. (1987). The truly disadvantaged: The inner city, the underclass, and public policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Wu, L. L. (1996). Effects of family instability, income, and income instability on the risk of premarital birth. American Sociological Review, 61, 386-406.
Yampolskaya, S., & Brown, E. C. (2000). Young Adolescent Survey. Tampa: University of South Florida, Louis de le Parte Florida Mental Health Institute, Department of Child and Family Studies. Unpublished questionnaire.
Zoccolillo, M., Meyers, J., & Assiter, S. (1997). Conduct disorder, substance dependence, and adolescent motherhood. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 67, 152-157.