Assessment of Heavy metal pollution and its health implications in groundwater for drinking purpose around inactive mines, SW region of Cuddapah Basin, South India

Abraham, 2017, Water contamination with heavy metals and trace elements from Kilembe copper mine and tailing sites in Western Uganda; implications for domestic water quality, Chemosphere, 169, 281, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.077 Adeli, 2021, Heavy metal (loid) pollution of a hard-rock aquifer: evidence, distribution, and source, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 28, 34742, 10.1007/s11356-021-13079-2 Adriano, 2001, Trace elements in terrestrial environments biogeochemistry, bioavailability, and risks of metals Ahamad, 2018, Impact of non-engineered Bhalswa landfill on groundwater from Quaternary alluvium in Yamuna flood plain and potential human health risk, New Delhi, India, Quat. Int., 507, 352, 10.1016/j.quaint.2018.06.011 Ahamad, 2020, Trace elements contamination in groundwater and associated human health risk in the industrial region of southern Sonbhadra, Environ. Geochem. Health, 42, 3373, 10.1007/s10653-020-00582-7 Aithani, 2020, Source apportionment, pollution assessment, and ecological and human health risk assessment due to trace metals contaminated groundwater along urban river floodplain, Groundwater Sustain. Dev., 11, 100445, 10.1016/j.gsd.2020.100445 Al-Ami, 1987, Water quality index applied to the classification andzoning of Al-Jatsh canal, Bagdad, Iraq, J. Environ. Sci. Health, 22, 305 Arslan, 2022, Evaluation of heavy metal contamination and pollution indices through geostatistical methods in groundwater in Bafra Plain, Turkey. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 19, 8385, 10.1007/s13762-021-03713-4 Belkhiri, 2011, A multivariate statistical analysis of groundwater chemistry data, Int J Environ Res, 5, 537 BIS., 2012. Indian standards specification for drinking water, BIS: 10500: 2012. Chaturvedi, 2021, A study on the interdependence of heavy metals while contributing to groundwater pollution index, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 28, 25798, 10.1007/s11356-021-12352-8 Cloutier, 2008, Multivariate statistical analysis of geochemical data as indicative of the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in a sedimentary rock aquifer system, J. Hydro, 353, 294, 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.02.015 Deverel, 2011, 89 Edet, 2002, Evaluation of water quality pollution indices for heavy metal contamination monitoring. A study case from Akpabuyo-Odukpani area, Lower Cross River Basin (southeastern Nigeria), GeoJournal, 57, 295, 10.1023/B:GEJO.0000007250.92458.de Egbueri, 2020, Groundwater quality assessment using pollution index of groundwater (PIG), ecological risk index (ERI) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA): A case study, Groundw. Sustain. Dev., 10, 100292, 10.1016/j.gsd.2019.100292 Farnham, 2003, Factor analytical approaches for evaluating groundwater trace element chemistry data, Anal. Chim. Acta, 490, 123, 10.1016/S0003-2670(03)00350-7 Gonneea, 2014, Trace element geochemistry of groundwater in a karst subterranean estuary (Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico), GeochimCosmochimActa, 132, 31 Goswami, 2014, Determination of heavy metals, viz.cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in the different matrices of the Ganges river from Rishikesh to Allahabad through differentialpulse anodic striping voltammetry, Int. J. Adv. Res. ChemSci., 1, 7 Hamza, 2022, U(VI) and Th(IV) recovery using silica beads functionalized with urea- or thiourea-based polymers – Application to ore leachate, Sci. Total Environ., 821, 153184, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153184 Horton, 1965, An index number system for rating water quality, J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 37, 300 Hu, 2002, Human health and heavy metals exposure.Chapter 4 IARC., 1990. Nickel and nickel compounds. In: Chromium, nickel and welding. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (49) 257–445. Jeong, 2001, Mineral–water interaction and hydrogeochemistry in the sank wang mine area, Korea, Geochem. J., 35, 1, 10.2343/geochemj.35.1 Kalpana, 2023, An Assesment of Ground Water Contamination Due to Heavy Metals and Fly Ash around Yerraguntla Town, Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh, India, J. Pollut. Eff. Cont., 11, 356 Kazberuk, 2021, Use bottom sediment to agriculture—Effect on plant and heavy metal content in soil, Agronomy, 11, 107, 10.3390/agronomy11061077 Khademi, H., Gabarrón, M., Abbaspour, A., Martı́nez-Martı́- nez, S., Faz, A., & Acosta, JA., 2019. Environmental impact assessment of industrial activities on heavy metals Environ Geochem Health distribution in street dust and soil. Chemosphere, 217, 695–705. Khalid, 2020, Heavy metal contamination and exposure risk assessment via drinking groundwater in Vehari, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 27, 39852, 10.1007/s11356-020-10106-6 Khan, 2005, Heavy metal pollution assessment in surface water bodies and its suitability for irrigation around the Neyveli lignite mines and associated industrial complex, Tamil Nadu, India. Mine Water Environ., 24, 155, 10.1007/s10230-005-0087-x Leung, 2006, Heavy metal and trace element distributionsin groundwater in natural slopes and highly urbanized spaces in Mid-Levels area, Hong Kong, Water Res., 40, 753, 10.1016/j.watres.2005.12.016 Li, 2015, Heavy metal contamination of Yellow River alluvial sediments, northwest China, Environ. Earth Sci., 73, 3403, 10.1007/s12665-014-3628-4 Lu, 2016, Assessment of major ions and heavy metals in groundwater: a case study from Guangzhou and Zhuhai of the Pearl River Delta, China, Front. Earth Sci., 10, 340, 10.1007/s11707-015-0513-8 Mahdi, Balali-Mood., Kobra, Naseri., Zoya, Tahergorabi., Mohammad Reza, Khazdair., and Mahmood, Sadeghi., 202. Toxic Mechanisms of Five Heavy Metals: Mercury, Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, and Arsenic. Front. Pharmacol. 12:643972. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.643972. Malinowska, 2020, The effect of different doses of sewage sludge and liming on total cobalt content and its speciationin soil, Agronomy, 10, 1550, 10.3390/agronomy10101550 Matta, 2015, Evaluation and prediction of deviation in physic-chemical characteristics of River Ganga, Int. J. Adv. Res. Technol., 4, 14 Matta, 2017, Assessment of species diversity and impact of pollution on limnological conditions of River Ganga, Int. J. Water, 11, 87, 10.1504/IJW.2017.083759 Matta, 2018, Assessment of Heavy Metals Toxicity and Ecological Impact on Surface Water Quality Using HPI in Ganga River, INAE Letters, 3, 123, 10.1007/s41403-018-0041-4 Menšík, 2021, Comparison of the Concentration of Risk Elements in Alluvial Soils Determined by pXRF In Situ, in the Laboratory, and by ICP-OES, Agronomy, 11, 938, 10.3390/agronomy11050938 Mirza, 2021, Heavy metal pollution assessment in the groundwater of the Meghna Ghat industrial area, Bangladesh, by using water pollution indices approach, Appl. Water Sci., 10, 186 Mitra, 2022, Impact of heavy metals on the environment and human health: Novel therapeutic insights to counter the toxicity, J. King Saud Univers., 34, 101865, 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.101865 Momodu, 2010, Heavy metal contamination of groundwater: the Surulere case study, Res J Environtal Earth Scis., 2, 39 Muralidhara Reddy, 2020, Geochemical and health risk assessment of fluoride and nitrate toxicity in semi- arid region of Anantapur District, South India, Environ. Chem. Ecotoxicol., 2, 150, 10.1016/j.enceco.2020.09.002 Nagaraja Rao, 1987, Stratigraphy, structure and evolution of the Cuddapah Basis, Geol. Soc. India., 6, 33 Narsimha, 2018, Spatial distribution and seasonal variation in fluoride enrichment in groundwater and its associated human health risk assessment in Telangana State, South India, Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess., 16, 752 Obasi, 2019, Potential health risk and levels of heavy metals in water resources of lead–zinc mining communities of Abakaliki, southeast Nigeria, Appl. Water Sci., 10, 184, 10.1007/s13201-020-01233-z Obasi, PN., Akudinobi, BEB., 2019a. Pollution status of arable soil and stream sediment in the mining areas of Abakaliki, Lower Benue Trough. Springer—Int J Environ Sci Technol. Doi: 10.1007/s1376 2-019-02337 –z. Okegye, 2015, Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Surface and Ground WaterResources around Udege Mbeki Mining District, North-Central Nigeria, J. Geol. Geophys., 4, 1 Paul, B., Tchounwou., Clement G, Yedjou., Anita, K Patlolla., and Dwayne, J Sutton., 2012. Heavy Metals Toxicity and the Environment. EXS 101: 133–164. Pramod Kumar, 2020, Deciphering water quality using WQI and GIS in Tummalapalle Uranium Mining area, Cuddapah Basin, India, Water Science, 34, 65, 10.1080/11104929.2020.1765450 Prasad, 2008, The impact of filling an abandoned opencast mine with fly ash on ground water quality: a case study, Mine Water Environ., 27, 40, 10.1007/s10230-007-0021-5 Prasad, 2008, Heavy metal pollution index of ground waterof an abandoned open cast mine filled with fly ash: A case study, Mine Water Environ., 27, 265, 10.1007/s10230-008-0050-8 Prasanna, 2012, Evaluation of water quality pollution indices for heavy metal contamination monitoring: a case study from Curtin Lake, Miri City, East Malaysia, Environ. Earth Sci., 67, 1987, 10.1007/s12665-012-1639-6 Reza, 2010, Assessment of heavy metal contamination and its indexing approach for river water, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 7, 785, 10.1007/BF03326187 Sajil Kumara, PJ., and Kuriachan, L., 2020. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 1. doi:10.1080/ 03067319.2020.1770241. Singaraja, 2015, A Study on Assessment of Credible Sources of Heavy MetalPollution Vulnerability in Groundwater of Thoothukudi Districts, Water Qual Expo Health, 7, 459, 10.1007/s12403-015-0162-x Sudharshan Reddy, 2020, Monitoring of groundwater quality for drinking purposes using the WQI method and its health implications around inactive mines in Vemula-Vempalli region, Kadapa District, South India, Appl. Water Sci., 10, 202, 10.1007/s13201-020-01284-2 Sudharshan Reddy, 2020, Groundwater quality evaluation using GIS andwater quality index in and around inactive mines, Southwestern parts of Cuddapah basin, Andhra Pradesh, South India, HydroResearch., 3, 146, 10.1016/j.hydres.2020.11.001 Sunitha, V., Sudharshan Reddy, Y., Suvarna, B., Muralidhara Reddy, B., 2022. Human health risk assessment (HHRA) of fluoride and nitrate using pollution index of groundwater (PIG) in and around hard rock terrain of Cuddapah, A.P. South India. 4:113-123. Doi: 10.1016/j.enceco.2021.12.002. Suresh, Kumar., Sunil, Toppo., Aneesh, Kumar., Geeta, Tewari., Atul, Beck., Vijeta Bachan, & TBN, Singh., 2020. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in groundwaterof an industrial area: a case study from Ramgarh, Jharkhand, India, International Journal of Environmental AnalyticalChemistry.DOI:10.1080/03067319.2020.1828391. [accessed Sep 13 2021]. Thuong, 2013, Source discrimination of heavy metals in sediment and water of To Lich River in Hanoi City using multivariate statistical approaches, Environ. Monit. Assess., 185, 8065, 10.1007/s10661-013-3155-x USEPA., 1986. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part A), US EPA. . USEPA., 1997. Exposure factors handbook. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC (EPA/600/P-95/002F a–c). USEPA., 2001. Supplemental guidance for developing soil screening levels for superfund sites. OSWER, Washington, DC. USEPA., 2005. Guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Risk Assessment Forum, Washington, DC (EPA/630/P-03/001F). USEPA., 2011. Exposure factors handbook, edn. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Doi: EPA/600/R-090/052F. Vacha, 2021, Heavy MetalPollution and Its Effects on Agriculture, Agronomy, 11, 1719, 10.3390/agronomy11091719 Vasant, 2016, GIS and statistical approach to assess the groundwater quality of nanded Tehsil, (MS) India, 409 Vig, 2022, Heavy metal pollution assessment of groundwater and associated health risks around coal thermal power plant, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 20, 6259, 10.1007/s13762-022-04284-8 Wagh, 2018, Health risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in groundwater of Kadava River Basin, Model. Earth Syst. Environ., 4, 969, 10.1007/s40808-018-0496-z Wang, 2019, Arsenic concentration, speciation, and risk assessment in sediments of the Xijiang River basin, China. Environ Monit Assess., 191, 10.1007/s10661-019-7883-4 Wei, 2020, Development of phosphoryl-functionalized algal-PEI beads for the sorption of Nd(III) and Mo(VI) from aqueous solutions – Application for rare earth recovery from acid leachates, Chem. Eng. J., 412, 127399, 10.1016/j.cej.2020.127399 World Health Organization (WHO), 2011 Yang, 2011, Concentration and potential health risk of heavy metals in market vegetables in Chongqing. China, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf, 74, 1664, 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.05.006 Yousaf, 2016, The importance of evaluating metal exposure and predicting human health risks in urban-periurbanenvironments influenced by emerging industry, Chemosphere, 150, 79, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.007 Zhang, 2019, Human health risk assessment of groundwater arsenic contamination in Jinghui irrigation district, China, J. Environ. Manage., 237, 163, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.067 Zhuang, 2009, Heavy metal contamination in soils and food crops around Dabaoshan mine in Guangdong, China: implication for human health, Environ. Geochem. Health, 31, 707, 10.1007/s10653-009-9248-3