Đánh giá rủi ro sức khỏe do tiếp xúc với Arsenic thông qua việc tiêu thụ cây trồng

Reza Sharifi1, Farid Moore1, Behnam Keshavarzi1, Shiva Badiei1
1Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

Tóm tắt

Ba mươi ba mẫu đất và hai mươi sáu mẫu cây trồng đã được thu thập và phân tích từ các vùng đất bị ô nhiễm arsenic (As) có nguồn gốc địa chất tại khu vực nông thôn thuộc huyện Bijar, tỉnh Kurdistan, Iran. Dữ liệu được sử dụng để xác định một số tham số nhằm đánh giá rủi ro sức khỏe con người, bao gồm hệ số tích lũy sinh học từ đất đến thực vật, liều lượng tiếp nhận hàng ngày mãn tính, rủi ro ung thư theo tuổi thọ gia tăng (ILTCR), và hệ số nguy hại. Kết quả cho thấy nồng độ As trung bình trong các mẫu đất vượt xa giá trị giới hạn được khuyến nghị bởi Cộng đồng Châu Âu (20 mg kg−1), và cũng phát hiện mối tương quan dương giữa tổng hàm lượng As và phân tử As có khả năng sinh khả dụng trong các mẫu đất. Khảo sát bằng phương pháp nhiễu xạ tia X (XRD) đã phát hiện các pha As kết tinh như Arsenolite (As2O3), Claudetite (As2O3) và Kankite (FeAsO4·3.5H2O) trong các mẫu đất có vỏ calci. Tỉ lệ ô nhiễm được đánh giá bằng chỉ số ô nhiễm một yếu tố và chỉ số đa yếu tố Nemerow. Hàm lượng As cao nhất được tìm thấy trong các loại cây trồng rễ và củ (121,6 mg/kg) và rau lá (52 mg/kg). Các giá trị ILTCR cho As cho thấy rủi ro ung thư tiềm năng tối đa thông qua việc tiêu thụ rau. Thêm vào đó, các cây trồng rễ và củ có giá trị hệ số nguy hại lớn hơn 1 cho người lớn (lên tới 73) và trẻ em (lên tới 120), cho thấy rằng người lớn và trẻ em tiếp xúc có thể có nguy cơ ảnh hưởng sức khỏe bao gồm ung thư, với trẻ em có độ nhạy cao hơn.

Từ khóa

#Arsenic #sức khỏe #ô nhiễm #rủi ro ung thư #cây trồng #tiêu thụ thực phẩm

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