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Đánh giá và Giải thích Sức mạnh Cơ Isokinetic trong Thời kỳ Phát triển và Trưởng thành
Tóm tắt
Phần lớn các nghiên cứu về sức mạnh liên quan đến sự thay đổi trong quá trình tăng trưởng và trưởng thành đã khảo sát các hành động đồng hình (isometric), điều này không cho chúng ta nhiều thông tin về cơ bắp dưới điều kiện động. Có nhiều vấn đề phương pháp trong việc kiểm tra isokinetic ở các nhóm trẻ em cần phải được điều tra thêm. Tuy nhiên, một số nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra rằng trẻ em có thể được đánh giá một cách đáng tin cậy theo cách isokinetic bằng cả hành động đồng tâm (concentric) và đồng phình (eccentric). Hầu hết các nghiên cứu về nhi khoa đã khảo sát khớp gối và cần thêm dữ liệu để làm sáng tỏ độ tin cậy trong việc kiểm tra sức mạnh isokinetic của phần trên cơ thể. Sự phát triển sức mạnh isokinetic theo độ tuổi và giới tính vẫn chưa được hiểu biết rõ ràng. Các nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra rằng sức mạnh isokinetic tăng lên theo tuổi tác nhưng các cơ chế liên quan đến sự gia tăng này cần phải được điều tra thêm. Dữ liệu hiện tại cũng mâu thuẫn về độ tuổi mà sự khác biệt về giới trở nên rõ ràng trong sức mạnh isokinetic. Cần nhiều công việc hơn để khảo sát ảnh hưởng của trưởng thành đối với sự phát triển sức mạnh isokinetic, nhưng dữ liệu hiện có cho thấy rằng trưởng thành là một yếu tố đóng góp không có ý nghĩa khi xem xét chiều cao và khối lượng cơ thể. Hầu hết các nghiên cứu đã cho thấy mối quan hệ đáng kể giữa chiều cao, khối lượng cơ thể và sức mạnh isokinetic trong quá trình tăng trưởng và trưởng thành. Tầm quan trọng của những thay đổi trong thành phần cơ thể trong quá trình phát triển đối với sức mạnh isokinetic đã được điều tra bằng khối lượng không mỡ và diện tích mặt cắt ngang của cơ. Dữ liệu đã cho thấy rằng mặc dù khối lượng không mỡ và diện tích mặt cắt ngang của cơ là những yếu tố quan trọng đóng góp vào sức mạnh isokinetic, nhưng còn có những yếu tố chưa được lý giải khác cũng ảnh hưởng đến sự phát triển sức mạnh isokinetic. Cần thêm công việc để điều tra những thay đổi định tính có thể có trong cơ trong quá trình tăng trưởng và trưởng thành. Cũng cần thêm nghiên cứu để xem xét những thay đổi trong sức mạnh đồng phình theo độ tuổi và điều tra sự khác biệt về giới tính trong sức mạnh isokinetic của phần trên cơ thể. Các nghiên cứu trong tương lai nên có tính chất ngang hàng và kiểm tra các biến số đồng thời với việc sử dụng các kỹ thuật thống kê phù hợp.
Từ khóa
#sức mạnh isokinetic #phát triển trẻ em #nghiên cứu sức mạnh cơ #trưởng thành #khớp gối #cấu trúc cơ bắpTài liệu tham khảo
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