Assessing volumetric strains and mass balance relationships resulting from biotite-controlled weathering: Implications for the isovolumetric weathering of the Boulder Creek Granodiorite, Boulder County, Colorado, USA

Ague, 1994, Mass transfer during Barrovian metamorphism of pelites, south-central Connecticut. I: Evidence for changes in composition and volume, Am. J. Sci., 294, 989, 10.2475/ajs.294.8.989 Ague, 1996, Assessing metasomatic mass and volume changes using the bootstrap, application to deep crustal hydrothermal alteration of marble, Econ. Geol., 91, 1169, 10.2113/gsecongeo.91.7.1169 Aitchison, 1986 Aitchison, 1989, Measures of location of compositional data sets, Math. Geol., 21, 787, 10.1007/BF00893322 Bates, 1987 Birkeland, 1999 Birkeland, 2003, Integrating soils and geomorphology in mountains—an example from the Front Range of Colorado, Geomorph., 55, 329, 10.1016/S0169-555X(03)00148-X Braddock, W.A., and Cole, J.C., 1990. Geologic map of Rocky Mountain National Park and vicinity, Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-1973, scale 1:50000. Brimhall, 1987, Constitutive mass balance relations between chemical composition, volume, density, porosity, and strain in metasomatic hydrochemical systems: results on weathering and pedogenesis, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 51, 567, 10.1016/0016-7037(87)90070-6 Brindley, 1983, Hydrobiotite, a regular 1:1 interstratification of biotite and vermiculite layers, Am. Mineral., 68, 420 Comas-Cufí, 2011, CoDaPack 2.0: a stand-alone, multi-platform compositional software Dethier, 2011, Mineralogic and geochemical changes from alteration of granitic rocks, Boulder Creek Catchment, Colorado, Vadose Zone J., 10, 858, 10.2136/vzj2010.0106 Dethier, 2006, Geomorphic inferences from regolith thickness, chemical denudation and CRN erosion rates near the glacial limit, Boulder Creek Catchment and vicinity, Colorado, Geomorphology, 75, 384, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.07.029 Efron, 1993 Gable, D.J., 1980. Geologic map of the Gold Hill quadrangle, Boulder County, Colorado, U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1525, scale 1:24000. Gable, D.J., 2000. Geologic map of the Proterozoic rocks of the Central Front Range, Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Series I-2605, scale 1:100 000, 1 sheet. Gardener, 1978, Isovolumetric geochemical investigation of a buried granite saprolite near Columbia, SC, U.S.A, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 42, 417, 10.1016/0016-7037(78)90273-9 Gardner, 1980, Mobilization of AI and Ti during rock weathering isovolumetric geochemical evidence, Chem. Geol., 30, 151, 10.1016/0009-2541(80)90122-9 Girty, 2000, Bootstrap technique and the location of the source of siliciclastic detritus in the lower Paleozoic Shoo Fly Complex, northern Sierra terrane, California, 347 Girty, 2006, Geology of Picacho State Recreation Area, SE California: implications for the timing of formation of the Chocolate Mountains anticlinorium, 255 Girty, 2008, An unusual occurrence of probable Pleistocene corestone within a Cretaceous dioritic enclave, Peninsular Ranges, California, Catena, 74, 43, 10.1016/j.catena.2008.03.009 Girty, 2013, Biotite-controlled linear compositional trends in quartz dioritic to tonalitic saprock, Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve, southern California, USA, Catena, 105, 40, 10.1016/j.catena.2013.01.001 Girty, 2014, Reconstructing the regolith from erosionally exhumed corestone and saprock derived from the Cretaceous Val Verde tonalite, Peninsular Ranges, southern California, USA: a case study, Catena, 113, 150, 10.1016/j.catena.2013.10.004 González-Bonorino, 1959, Hydrothermal alteration of the Front Range mineral belt, Colorado, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 70, 53, 10.1130/0016-7606(1959)70[53:HAITFR]2.0.CO;2 Graham, 2010, Soil mineralogy trends in California landscapes, Geoderma, 154, 418, 10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.05.018 Graham, 1994, The pedologic nature of weathered rock, 1 Graham, 2010, Rock to regolith conversion: producing hospitable substrates for terrestrial ecosystems, GSA Today, 20, 4, 10.1130/GSAT57A.1 Grant, 1963, Weathering of stone mountain granite, 65 Isherwood, 1976, Biotite-induced grussification of the Boulder Creek Granodiorite, Boulder County, Colorado, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 87, 366, 10.1130/0016-7606(1976)87<366:BGOTBC>2.0.CO;2 Kelley, 2004, Denudation history and internal structure of the Front Range and Wet Mountains, Colorado, based on apatite-fission-track thermochronology, New Mex. Bur. Geol. Mineral Resour. Bull., 160, 41 Kerr, 1959 Le Bas, 1991, The IUGS systematics of igneous rocks, J. Geol. Soc. Lond., 148, 825, 10.1144/gsjgs.148.5.0825 Le Pera, 2001, Weathering of gneiss in Calabria, southern Italy, Catena, 42, 1, 10.1016/S0341-8162(00)00117-X Leonard, 1989, Climatic change in the Colorado Rocky Mountains: estimates based on modern climate at late Pleistocene equilibrium lines, Arct. Alp. Res., 21, 245, 10.2307/1551563 Lovering, 1953, Geology and ore deposits of the Boulder County tungsten district, Colorado, USGS Prof. Pap., 245 Madole, 1982, Possible origins of till-like deposits near the summit of the Front Range in North-Central Colorado, USGS Prof. Pap., 1243 Mateu-Figueras, 2011, The principles of working on coordinates, 31 McLennan, 1993, Weathering and global denudation, J. Geol., 101, 295, 10.1086/648222 Migoń, 2002, Grus weathering mantles—problems of interpretation, Catena, 49, 5, 10.1016/S0341-8162(02)00014-0 Moore, 1997 Moreland, 1975 Nesbitt, 1982, Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites, Nature, 299, 715, 10.1038/299715a0 Nesbitt, 1984, Prediction of some weathering trends of plutonic and volcanic rocks based on thermodynamic and kinetic considerations, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 299, 1523, 10.1016/0016-7037(84)90408-3 Nesbitt, 1989, Formation and diagenesis of weathering profiles, J. Geol., 97, 128, 10.1086/629290 Nettleton, 1970, Pedogenic weathering of tonalite in southern California, Geoderma, 4, 387, 10.1016/0016-7061(70)90055-8 Pavich, 1985, Saprolite formation beneath Coastal Plain sediments near Washington D.C., Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 96, 886, 10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<886:SFBCPS>2.0.CO;2 2011 Pawlowsky‐Glahn, 2006, Compositional Data and Their Analysis: an Introduction, 264, 1 Schedl, 1998, Log ratio methods for establishing a reference frame for chemical change, J. Geol., 106, 211, 10.1086/516017 Scott, 1986, Map showing late Eocene erosion surface, Oligocene–Miocene paleovalleys, and Tertiary deposits in the Pueblo, Denver, and Greeley 1 x 2 quadrangles, Colorado, USGS Misc. Invest. Ser., Map I-1626 Soil Survey Staff, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Web Soil Survey. Available online at http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/. Accessed [11/21/2013]. Sokal, 1995 Stern, 1971, Boulder Creek Batholith, Colorado Part II: Isotopic age of emplacement and morphology of zircon, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 82, 1615, 10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[1615:BCBCPI]2.0.CO;2 Tandarich, 2002, Historical development of soil and weathering profile concepts from Europe to the United States of America, Soil Sci. Am. J., 66, 335, 10.2136/sssaj2002.0335 Thompson, 1991, Pliocene environments and climates in the western United States, Quat. Sci. Rev., 10, 115, 10.1016/0277-3791(91)90013-K Velbel, 1990, Mechanisms of saprolitization, isovolumetric weathering, and pseudomorphous replacement during rock weathering—a review, Chem. Geol., 84, 17, 10.1016/0009-2541(90)90149-2 Vernon, 2008 von Eynatten, 2004, Statistical modeling of compositional trends in sediments, Sediment. Geol., 171, 79, 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2004.05.011 von Eynatten, 2002, Understanding perturbation on the simplex: a simple method to better visualize and interpret compositional data in ternary diagrams, Math. Geol., 34, 249, 10.1023/A:1014826205533 von Eynatten, 2003, Modelling compositional change: the example of chemical weathering of granitoid rocks, Math. Geol., 35, 231, 10.1023/A:1023835513705 Wells, 1967, Geology of the Eldorado Springs Quadrangle Boulder and Jefferson Counties, Colo. Geol. Surv. Bull., 1221-D Witanachchi, 2004 Woronow, 1990, Quantifying differences among means of compositional data suites, Math. Geol., 22, 837, 10.1007/BF00890666