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Đánh giá các mẫu sử dụng thuốc chống ký sinh trùng và nhận thức của nông dân: Những tác động đối với sự kháng thuốc trong ngành chăn nuôi bò sữa của Ấn Độ
Tóm tắt
Cuộc điều tra hiện tại được thực hiện để đánh giá các mẫu sử dụng thuốc chống ký sinh trùng trong số chủ trang trại bò sữa và nhận thức của họ về sự phát triển kháng thuốc. Một tổng số 160 nông dân chăn nuôi bò sữa, bao gồm 80 nông dân chăn nuôi bò sữa nhỏ (SDF) và 80 nông dân chăn nuôi bò sữa lớn (LDF) đã được chọn cho nghiên cứu từ 8 huyện khác nhau của 2 bang Ấn Độ (Rajasthan và Uttar Pradesh). Một lịch phỏng vấn có cấu trúc đã được thử nghiệm trước để thu thập dữ liệu. Trong khu vực nghiên cứu, phần lớn nông dân chăn nuôi bò sữa là nam giới trung niên, có trình độ giáo dục trung cấp và có kinh nghiệm trung bình trong chăn nuôi bò sữa. Tất cả các nông dân đều được quan sát đang sử dụng thuốc chống ký sinh trùng hóa học để quản lý tình trạng nhiễm ký sinh trùng ở các động vật chăn nuôi. Về kiểm soát ký sinh trùng, SDF dựa vào bác sĩ thú y tư vấn, trong khi LDF thích tự điều trị cho đàn bò sữa của mình. Một nguồn chính để mua thuốc chống ký sinh trùng là từ các cửa hàng dược phẩm, có và không có toa thuốc từ các nhà cung cấp dịch vụ chăm sóc sức khỏe động vật đủ tiêu chuẩn. Đã phát hiện ra rằng khoảng một phần ba số nông dân không tham khảo nhãn thuốc để tính liều lượng. Tuy nhiên, các nông dân chăn nuôi chủ yếu dựa vào việc quan sát trực quan trọng lượng cơ thể động vật để tính liều thuốc chống ký sinh trùng. Phần lớn các nông dân lưu trữ thuốc chống ký sinh trùng trong các trang trại của họ. Hơn nữa, nông dân bày tỏ nhận thức trung bình về sự phát triển kháng thuốc chống ký sinh trùng. Trong số các yếu tố kinh tế - xã hội khác nhau, giáo dục và đào tạo được tìm thấy là những yếu tố dự đoán mạnh mẽ nhất mang lại sự thay đổi lớn nhất trong nhận thức. Các phát hiện tổng thể cho thấy rằng nông dân không thành thạo trong các thực hành khoa học liên quan đến việc sử dụng thuốc chống ký sinh trùng và cũng không quen thuộc với các vấn đề kháng thuốc. Mặc dù vậy, họ vẫn tiếp tục mua và sử dụng thuốc mà không tìm kiếm lời khuyên từ các bác sĩ thú y đủ tiêu chuẩn. Do đó, việc sử dụng thuốc chống ký sinh trùng một cách bừa bãi trong ngành chăn nuôi có khả năng góp phần vào sự xuất hiện của kháng thuốc. Cần thiết phải tạo ra nhận thức trong số nông dân về tầm quan trọng của việc sử dụng thuốc hợp lý nhằm giảm thiểu rủi ro về sự kháng thuốc.
Từ khóa
#thuốc chống ký sinh trùng #nhận thức #nông dân #kháng thuốc #chăn nuôi bò sữaTài liệu tham khảo
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