Assessing the immediate impact of botulinum toxin injection on impedance of spastic muscle

Das, 1989, Effect of treatment with botulinum toxin on spasticity, Postgrad Med J, 65, 208, 10.1136/pgmj.65.762.208 Baba, 2004, Treatment of spasticity with botulinum toxin, Ortop Traumatol Rehabil, 6, 665 Eleopra, 1997, The variability in the clinical effect induced by botulinum toxin type A: the role of muscle activity in humans, Mov Disord: Off J Mov Disord Soc, 12, 89, 10.1002/mds.870120115 Hastings-Ison, 2016, Injection frequency of botulinum toxin A for spastic equinus: a randomized clinical trial, Dev Med Child Neuro, 58, 750, 10.1111/dmcn.12962 Hesse, 2001, Botulinum toxin A treatment of adult upper and lower limb spasticity, Drugs Aging, 18, 255, 10.2165/00002512-200118040-00003 Scott, 1980, Botulinum toxin injection into extraocular muscles as an alternative to strabismus surgery, Ophthalmology, 87, 1044, 10.1016/S0161-6420(80)35127-0 Fortuna, 2011, Changes in contractile properties of muscles receiving repeat injections of botulinum toxin (Botox), J Biomech, 44, 39, 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.08.020 Legerlotz, 2009, Botulinum toxin-induced paralysis leads to slower myosin heavy chain isoform composition and reduced titin content in juvenile rat gastrocnemius muscle, Muscle Nerve, 39, 472, 10.1002/mus.21247 Picelli, 2012, Is spastic muscle echo intensity related to the response to botulinum toxin type A in patients with stroke? A cohort study, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 93, 1253, 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.02.005 Thacker, 2012, Passive mechanical properties and related proteins change with botulinum neurotoxin A injection of normal skeletal muscle, J Orthop Res, 30, 497, 10.1002/jor.21533 Mathevon, 2015, Muscle structure and stiffness assessment after botulinum toxin type A injection. A systematic review, Ann Phys Rehabil Med, 58, 343, 10.1016/j.rehab.2015.06.002 Tsai, 2010, Comparison between neurectomy and botulinum toxin A injection for denervated skeletal muscle, J Neurotrauma, 27, 1509, 10.1089/neu.2010.1320 Dubowitz, 2007, Muscle biopsy: a practical approach Bogucki, 1999, Serial SFEMG studies of orbicularis oculi muscle after the first administration of botulinum toxin, Eur J Neurol, 6, 461, 10.1046/j.1468-1331.1999.640461.x Kyle, 2004, Bioelectrical impedance analysis–part I: review of principles and methods, Clin Nutr, 23, 1226, 10.1016/j.clnu.2004.06.004 Rutkove, 2002, Localized bioimpedance analysis in the evaluation of neuromuscular disease, Muscle Nerve, 25, 390, 10.1002/mus.10048 Lukaski, 2013, Evolution of bioimpedance: a circuitous journey from estimation of physiological function to assessment of body composition and a return to clinical research, Eur J Clin Nutr, 67, S2, 10.1038/ejcn.2012.149 Buffa, 2013, Accuracy of specific BIVA for the assessment of body composition in the United States population, PLoS One., 8, e58533, 10.1371/journal.pone.0058533 Mulasi, 2015, Bioimpedance at the bedside: current applications, limitations, and opportunities, Nutr Clin Pract, 30, 180, 10.1177/0884533614568155 Tarulli, 2005, Electrical impedance myography in the bedside assessment of inflammatory myopathy, Neurology., 65, 451, 10.1212/01.wnl.0000172338.95064.cb Sung, 2013, The effect of subcutaneous fat on electrical impedance myography when using a handheld electrode array: the case for measuring reactance, Clin Neurophysiol, 124, 400, 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.07.013 Rutkove, 2014, Electrical impedance myography correlates with standard measures of ALS severity, Muscle Nerve, 49, 441, 10.1002/mus.24128 Rutkove, 2012, Electrical impedance myography as a biomarker to assess ALS progression, Amyotroph Later Scler, 13, 439, 10.3109/17482968.2012.688837 Rutkove, 2009, Electrical impedance myography: Background, current state, and future directions, Muscle Nerve, 40, 936, 10.1002/mus.21362 Lukaski, 2012, Bioelectrical impedance assessment of wound healing, J Diabetes Sci Technol., 6, 209, 10.1177/193229681200600126 Nescolarde, 2013, Localized bioimpedance to assess muscle injury, Physiol Meas, 34, 237, 10.1088/0967-3334/34/2/237 Nescolarde, 2015, Effects of muscle injury severity on localized bioimpedance measurements, Physiol Meas, 36, 27, 10.1088/0967-3334/36/1/27 Kortman, 2013, Age- and gender-associated differences in electrical impedance values of skeletal muscle, Physiol Meas, 34, 1611, 10.1088/0967-3334/34/12/1611 Stone, 2011, Dose- and volume dependent-response to intramuscular injection of botulinum neurotoxin-A optimizes muscle force decrement in mice, J Orthop Res., 29, 1764, 10.1002/jor.21434 Zweig, 1993, Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) plots: a fundamental evaluation tool in clinical medicine, Clin Chem, 39, 561, 10.1093/clinchem/39.4.561 Esper, 2006, Assessing neuromuscular disease with multifrequency electrical impedance myography, Muscle Nerve, 34, 595, 10.1002/mus.20626 Rutkove, 2010, Characterizing spinal muscular atrophy with electrical impedance myography, Muscle Nerve, 42, 915, 10.1002/mus.21784